This diploma thesis deals with the Common-Rail fuel system. The aim of this work is to develop an overview of development of the fuel-injection system. The first part is devoted to the description of the selected fuel system. All the parts of the system are described and explained there. Also the explanation of the management of the injection is included. Subsequently, other variants of the fuel system are described here. Further parts focuse on the diagnostic instruments and measuring emissions, also operational materials are described and divided in there. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the economic calculations which were made from the perspective of the economy operation of motor vehicles. The work also includes an evaluation of the measurements results and determines the appropriateness of the use of the Common-Rail fuel system for vehicles.

This diploma thesis deals with practical measurement and diagnostics on chosen Hyundai Santa Fe vehicle and on the training panel. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is to familiarize the reader with the fuel system of the diesel engine with the common-rail pressure magazine, with the concept of serial and parallel diagnostics. In the second part, the diplomat performs serial and parallel diagnostics of the diesel engine fuel system on the vehicle and on the training panel. The diplomant will further describe the measured data and evaluate the differences in the measurements.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-17T19:11:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelFernandesDeOliveiraFilho_TESE.pdf: 19688011 bytes, checksum: 022c8d97d4f29f129508061cea3bc018 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-17T22:31:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelFernandesDeOliveiraFilho_TESE.pdf: 19688011 bytes, checksum: 022c8d97d4f29f129508061cea3bc018 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T22:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelFernandesDeOliveiraFilho_TESE.pdf: 19688011 bytes, checksum: 022c8d97d4f29f129508061cea3bc018 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-13 / Bico injetor ? um importante componente do sistema de inje??o de um motor diesel respons?vel pela atomiza??o do combust?vel, por uma combust?o eficaz e uma baixa emiss?o de poluentes, a qual afeta diretamente o meio ambiente e o sistema cardiovascular humano. Os padr?es lim?trofes de emiss?es veiculares definidos pela legisla??o ambiental s?o crescentemente rigorosos, como o PROCONVE P7, no Brasil e a Euro 6, na Uni?o Europ?ia e restringem o tamanho do material particulado e NOx. O objetivo desta Tese foi investigar e compreender os mecanismos de desgaste de materiais fr?geis e d?cteis que se submetem ? a??o de um atomizador do tipo Common Rail, eros?o, cavita??o, ader?ncia, ades?o e corros?o. Desenvolveu-se um m?todo sistem?tico para avaliar biocombust?veis diesel, com aditivos ou obtido em postos, o seu processo de atomiza??o e sua intera??o com dois materiais estruturais, um quimicamente ativo, cobre eletrol?tico e um quimicamente inerte, vidro de ?xido de sil?cio. Um dispositivo equipado com uma c?mara de atomiza??o de alta press?o (HPSC), um dispositivo de ensaio de bico injetor e uma c?mera CCD foram usados na avalia??o do processo de atomiza??o. Nesta, foram ensaiados quatro fluidos: Ultrasene (fluido padr?o da m?quina TM 507); B6 aditivado com tensoativos; B6 com tensoativos e ?gua e B6 com tensoativos, ?gua e glicerina. Uma bancada dinamom?trica foi utilizada nos ensaios dos motores estacion?rio diesel monocil?ndrico, marca Branco BD 5.0, quatro tempos, de 5 cv funcionando com os combust?veis supracitados. Ao final de 150 horas de ensaio de cada combust?vel, o motor foi desmontado, inspecionado visualmente e feito um recondicionamento completo (incluindo bico injetor). O material particulado resultante da combust?o foi coletado por uma c?psula de coleta de gases da combust?o, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Estudos de Tribologia e Integridade Estrutural (GET/UFRN). T?cnicas de an?lises por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS) foram usadas para avaliar os danos resultantes nos materiais submetidos ? atomiza??o e aos materiais particulados resultantes da combust?o do motor diesel BD 5.0 ap?s 20 e 150 horas. Para cada fluido ensaiado foi utilizado um bico injetor novo e os jatos atomizados por cada bico (novo e ap?s ensaios) foram filmados com c?mera CCD (resolu??o de 10 kfps). Posteriormente esses bicos foram analisados por MEV e EDS. Observaram-se part?culas met?licas com ?reas entre 0,5 e 50,0 ?m2. Evid?ncias de desgaste por ader?ncia, ades?o, corros?o, eros?o e cavita??o foram observadas no bico injetor, devido ao processo de atomiza??o dos fluidos. / A nozzle is a very important component of a diesel engine injection system. It is responsible for the atomization of the fuel for efficient combustion and low pollutant emissions levels, which directly affects the environment and the human cardiovascular system. The standards of vehicle emissions set by the environmental legislation are increasingly stringent, as PROCONVE P7 in Brazil and Euro 6, in the European Union. They restrict the size of the particulate material and NOx emissions levels. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate and understand the wear mechanisms of brittle and ductile materials which undergo the action of an atomizer type common rail, erosion, cavitation, adherence, adhesion, and corrosion. A systematic method was developed for evaluating diesel biofuels with additives or obtained in gas stations, its process of atomization and its interaction with two structural materials: a chemically active, electrolytic copper, and a chemically inert, silicon oxide glass. A test rig equipped with a high-pressure atomizing chamber (HPSC), a carrier device for ductile and brittle materials and a CCD camera were used to evaluate the atomization process. In this test rig there were tested three fluids: Ultrasene (standard fluid of the fluid nozzle testing machine TM 507), B6, B6 additivated with surfactants plus water and additivated B6 with surfactants, water and glycerin. A dynamometer test rig was used for testing a stationary diesel single cylinder engine, brand Branco, model BD5.0, four-stroke, 5 cv diesel, with the aforementioned fuels. In the end of 150 hours of each test fuel, the engine was disassembled, visually inspected and its main parts were replaced - piston, piston rings, pin, connecting rod, bearings, valves, seals, gaskets and the nozzle repair were replaced. The particulate matter coming from the combustion process, was collected by a device developed in the Tribology Study Group and Structural Integrity (GET-UFRN). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to assess the damage resulting from the materials submitted to atomization and the particulate matter from the exhaust of combustion after 20 and 150 hours. Each fluid was atomized by a new nozzle and the spray atomized by each nozzle (the new one and after testing) was recorded using a CCD camera in a 10 kfps resolution. Posteriorly, those nozzles were analyzed by SEM and EDS. It was observed metal particles ranging in size from 0.5 to 50.0 ?m2. Evidences of wear by adherence, adhesion, corrosion, erosion and cavitation were observed on inject nozzle because the fuel atomization processes.

One of the main aspects in the development of modern diesel engines has been the direct injection systems, due to its influence in the atomization and evaporation processes. The study of all physical and chemical phenomena involved in the scarce milliseconds that the diesel injection last allows a better understanding of the injection. Therefore, it allows a better control of the combustion process (i.e. a higher energy efficiency and lower pollutant emissions). Despite its relevance, there are however many uncertainties regarding the internal flow and the air-fuel mixing process, caused by the small size of the injector ducts, the high injection pressures (i.e. high velocities in the ducts) and the transient nature of the diesel injection influenced by the needle lift. Hence, the use of numerical simulations provides invaluable data to improve the knowledge of the process. Therefore, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations are each day commoner. In order to achieve the purpose of the present thesis, a comparative study of the injection process of three different diesel nozzles through a new CFD code, which simplifies the mesh creation and endows the simulation with the possibility of a dynamic mesh through the use of an AMR (adaptive mesh refinement) algorithm that refines the mesh where high gradients of the physical fields (velocity, concentration, etc.) exist, has been performed. This study has allowed to study the internal flow and diesel spray (in evaporative and non-evaporative conditions) and enlightened the relation between the nozzle geometry and the calibration parameters of the different sub-models used in the simulations (atomization, coalescence, evaporation, etc.). The computational study shows a good agreement between the experimental data and the computational results, in particular for the transient internal flow study, where the AMR algorithm has allowed a run-time mesh generation and thus the study of the needle lift without a negative influence in the mesh quality. Furthermore, the computational study of the diesel spray through an eulerian-lagrangian approach with three different nozzle geometries arose the existing relation between the spray sub-models and the nozzle geometry, so that the spray calibration was generalized for every injection system (injector). / Los sistemas de inyección directa han sido uno de los aspectos principales en el desarrollo de los motores diésel actuales, debido a su influencia en los procesos de atomización y evaporación del combustible. El estudio de todos los fenómenos físicos y químicos que ocurren durante los pocos milisegundos que dura el proceso de inyección diésel contribuye a una mejor comprensión del mismo, y por tanto, un mejor control del proceso de combustión (i.e. mejora de la eficiencia energética y reducción de las emisiones contaminantes). A pesar de su importancia, existen aún muchas incertidumbres respecto al flujo interno y al proceso de formación de la mezcla aire-combustible debido principalmente a la complejidad de su medida experimental, a causa de las pequeñas dimensiones de los orificios de los inyectores diésel, las altas presiones de inyección utilizadas (i.e. altas velocidades del combustible) y el comportamiento transitorio debido al movimiento de la aguja. Por ello, se recurre con cada vez más frecuencia al estudio computacional mediante simulaciones de CFD (computational fluid dynamics). El objetivo de la tesis es el estudio comparativo del proceso de inyección de tres geometrías de toberas de inyector diferentes mediante un novedoso código de cálculo CFD con malla adaptativa utilizado para el estudio del flujo interno y del chorro diésel, en condiciones no evaporativas y evaporativas, y arrojar luz en la relación entre la geometría de las toberas y las constantes de calibración de los diferentes sub-modelos utilizados (atomización, coalescencia, evaporación, etc.) en la simulación. La particularidad de este código CFD y el motivo por el cuál se ha elegido para la presente tesis es la generación automática de la malla mediante el algoritmo de AMR (adaptive mesh refinement) presente en el propio código, refinando el mallado en aquellas zonas donde, debido a la presencia de importantes gradientes de velocidad, concentración, etc., se requiera mayor precisión. Los resultados computacionales muestran un buen ajuste con los datos experimentales, especialmente en el caso del estudio transitorio del flujo interno, donde el algoritmo AMR ha permitido la generación dinámica de la malla y con ello el movimiento de la aguja del inyector sin afectar a la calidad de la misma. Además, el estudio computacional del chorro diésel mediante una aproximación euleriana-lagrangiana con tres geometría de toberas diferentes ha permitido generalizar la calibración de los modelos de chorros para cualquier sistema de inyección (inyector) al relacionar la variación de los parámetros de los modelos con las condiciones de inyección. / Els sistemes d'injecció directa han sigut un dels principals aspectes en el desenvolupament dels motors dièsel actuals, a causa de la seua influència en els processos d'atomització i evaporació del combustible. L'estudi de tots els fenòmens físics i químics que ocorren durant els pocs mil·lisegons que dura el procés d'injecció dièsel contribueix a un millor enteniment del mateix, i per tant, a un millor control del procés de combustió, una millora de la eficiència energètica i una reducció de les emissions contaminants. Malgrat la seua importància, hi ha encara moltes incerteses respecte al flux intern i el procés de formació de la mescla aire-combustible degut principalment a la complexitat de la mesura experimental, a causa del les menudes dimensions dels orificis dels injectors dièsel, les altes pressions d'injecció empleades (i.e. altes velocitats del combustible) y el comportament transitori degut al moviment de l'agulla. Per això, es cada volta mes freqüent d'utilització de ferramentes computacionals com les simulacions CFD (computational fluid dynamics). L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi és l'estudi comparatiu del procés d'injecció de tres geometries de toveres d'injectors diferents mitjançant un innovador codi de càlcul CFD amb malla adaptativa utilitzat per al estudi del flux intern i de l'esprai dièsel, en condicions no evaporatives i evaporatives, i aclarir la relació entre la geometria de les toveres i les constants de calibratge dels diferents sub-models utilitzats (atomització, coalescència, evaporació, etc.) en la simulació. La particularitat d'aquest codi CFD i el motiu pel qual s'ha elegit per a la present Tesi es la generació automàtica de la malla mitjançant un algoritme AMR (\adaptive mesh refinement) present en el propi codi, el qual permet el refinat de la malla en aquelles regions que degut a la presencia d'importants gradients de velocitat, concentració, etc., es requereix major precisió. Els resultats computacionals mostren un bon ajustament amb les dades experimentals, especialment per al cas del estudi transitori del flux intern, on el algoritme AMR ha permès la generació dinàmica de la malla i en conseqüència el moviment de l'agulla del injector sense afectar negativament la qualitat d'aquesta. A més, l'estudi computacional de l'esprai mitjançant una aproximació euleriana-lagrangiana amb tres geometries de toveres diferents ha permès generalitzar el calibratge dels models d'esprai per a qualsevol sistema d'injecció (injector) al relacionar la variació dels paràmetres dels models amb les condicions d'injecció. / Jaramillo Císcar, D. (2017). Estudio experimental y computacional del proceso de inyección diésel mediante un código CFD con malla adaptativa [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/92183 / TESIS

Combustion-engine control is one of the most important parts of engine application and has a direct impact on its characteristics. Diploma thesis shows the preparation of a test engine and its installation to test cell. It describes measurement and data post processing necessary for common-rail diesel engine control and their application in the creation of a mathematic model in GT-SUITE.

This master’s thesis deals with a description of Laser Welded Common Rail, which is produced by the company Bosch Diesel, s. r. o. in Jihlava. The theoretical part is focused primarily on a proposal for an industrial robot which would be manipulated with Common Rail during the laser welding process. The practical section is concerned with changes in the current paths of the robot to reduce production times, and to avoid using the same parts of the robot for the whole duration it is being manipulated with the Common Rail. At the end of this master's thesis is a techno-economic evaluation of previous alternatives, and it determines the appropriate option for robotic manipulation with the Common Rail during the laser welding process.

No description available.

Följande studie är gjord på uppdrag av Sjöfartsverket. I studien undersöktes hur en installation av ett Common Rail-system ombord på isbrytaren Ymer påverkat bränsleförbrukningen samt utsläppen av kväveoxider. Rådata som loggats ombord på Ymer har analyserat och bearbetat. Material och information från tillverkare, besättning samt teknisk chef på Sjöfartsverket, Albert Hagander har använts under studien. Tillsammans med uppmätta mätdata och tidigare gjord litteraturstudie stöds resultaten i studien. Det är ingen slump att system av Common Rail-typ redan är tillämpat inom de flesta branscher så som transport, personbilsindustri och jordbruk. Huvudsyftet med Common Rail är att minska bränsleåtgången samt minska utsläppen genom en renare och mer effektiv förbränning av bränslet.  Huvudsakligen undersöktes hur det nyinstallerade systemet påverkat bränsleförbrukningen och hur bränslebesparingen varierar med belastningen av maskinen. Vidare granskades hur utsläppen av kvävedioxider påverkats efter installationen. Problematiken med ökad NOx-produktion till följd av en högre förbränningstemperatur som Common Railsystemet medför diskuteras i rapporten. De resultat vi kommit fram till att en bränslebesparing kan göras ombord på Ymer genom att ersätta det gamla bränslesystemet med ett bränslesystem av Common Rail-typ. Vidare har installationen medfört andra förbättringar så som fartygsmaskinens reaktion på de många lastväxlingar som förekommer under isbrytning. / The following study has been carried out on behalf of Sjöfartsverket. The study examines how the installation of a common rail system on board the icebreaker Ymer affected fuel consumption and emissions of nitrogen oxides. The raw data logged on board Ymer was analyzed and processed. Materials and information from manufacturers, crew and the technical manager at the Swedish Maritime Administration, Albert Hagander have been used during the study. Together with measured data and previously made research study the findings of the study are supported. It is no coincidence that the system of the common rail type is already applied in most industries such as transport, car industry and agriculture. The main purpose of the Common Rail is to reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions through cleaner and more efficient combustion of the fuel. We primarily examined how the newly installed system affected fuel consumption and the fuel savings will vary with the load of the machine. Furthermore, we examined how emissions of nitrogen oxides were affected after installation. The problem of increased NOx production due to a higher combustion temperature as the common rail system entails are discussed in the report. The result that was concluded was that fuel savings can be made on board Ymer by replacing the old fuel system with a common rail fuel type. Furthermore, the installation has brought other improvements such as ship machine's reaction to the many load changes that occur during icebreaking.

The subject of this thesis is the optimization of forged high pressure elements of fuel accumu-lator of Common Rail System. The aim of this work is to assess the current state and design the individual high pressure elements in the CAD system. There is implemented strain and stress analysis in the FEM system Abaqus/CAE and in fatigue postprocessor FEMFAT for all designs. On the basis of this analysis are proposed optimized design solutions.

This master’s thesis is aimed to sphere of injection system for diesel engines. The main task of thesis was to invent new concept for high pressure interface of laser welded fuel accumulator, that would able to endure pressure 2000 bars and higher. Also, it would be applicable to serial production. Thesis includes description of diesel system by Bosch, making of design proposals in ProEngineer program and making of stress analyses for some particular elements in Ansys. Whole the work was passed in conjunction with Bosch Diesel development department.