Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-58). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Thesis (MAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).

Submitted by Mônica de Sá Dantas Paz (monicapazz@gmail.com) on 2017-04-03T17:01:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_MonicaPaz_2010_UFBA.pdf: 1311646 bytes, checksum: 5c792fa3f2e452c9645114b55bca5728 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Uillis de Assis Santos (uillis.assis@ufba.br) on 2017-07-12T18:06:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_MonicaPaz_2010_UFBA.pdf: 1311646 bytes, checksum: 5c792fa3f2e452c9645114b55bca5728 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T18:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_MonicaPaz_2010_UFBA.pdf: 1311646 bytes, checksum: 5c792fa3f2e452c9645114b55bca5728 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A atual expansão do uso de ferramentas online de compartilhamento de conteúdos produzidos pelos usuários é representada pela posição que ocupam dentre os sites mais visitados da web. Tais sites estão dentre as aplicações que se convencionou chamar de Web 2.0 e que reúnem aspectos: (i) tecnológicos, que possibilitaram maior exploração da web; (ii) sociais, devido a atuação participante dos usuários; e (iii) comerciais. Pode-se, então, notar o fomento, por parte dessas aplicações, de um ambiente para a produção colaborativa e para a interatividade do seu público, que gera, dessa forma, um acervo coletivo e imaterial (commons), através de processos comunicativos e informacionais à luz da cibercultura e das leis que a gerem. Portanto, escolheu-se o YouTube como objeto de um estudo de caso que teve como finalidade discutir a comunicação na Web 2.0 em processos colaborativos e suas apropriações, visto que constitui um dos maiores e mais acessados acervos de vídeos do ciberespaço. Este estudo de caso analisou o YouTube de acordo com categorias que expressam funções pós-massivas das aplicações das novas mídias digitais: (i) interface, navegabilidade e customização; (ii) interatividade e organização social em rede; (iii) geração e compartilhamento de conteúdo; (iv) classificação, folksonomia ou tagging; (v) notificações e estatísticas; e (vi) mobilidade e integração. Com isso, construiu-se uma compreensão do YouTube, em concordância com o modelo de negócios das chamadas aplicações Web 2.0, e se evidenciou uma aproximação das práticas desse ambiente com o uso da colaboração (característica de projetos técnicos, sociais e ideológicos na internet) dos usuários para com a plataforma, na formação de um commons digital. Para tal, foram utilizados dados de estudos anteriores, análises e dados coletados, além de exemplos de uso do YouTube. / The current expansion of the use of online tools for sharing user-generated content is represented by the position they occupy among the most visited sites on the web. Such sites are among the applications that are referred to as Web 2.0 and bring together aspects (i) technology, which allowed greater exploitation of the web, (ii) social, because the performance of the participating users, and (iii) commercial. One can then note the promotion, by such applications, of an environment for collaborative production and interactivity of your audience, generating thus a collective and immaterial heap (commons), through informational and communicative processes will light of cyberculture and the laws that manage it. Thus, we chose YouTube as the subject of a case study with the purpose to discuss communication in Web 2.0 in collaborative processes and their appropriation, since it constitutes one of the largest and most accessible collections of video of cyberspace. This case study has examined YouTube according to categories that express functions after massive of application of new digital media: (i) interface, navigation and customization, (ii) interactivity and social networking organization, (iii) generation and sharing content, (iv) classification, folksonomy or tagging, (v) notifications and statistics and (vi) mobility and integration. As a result, built up an understanding of YouTube, in agreement with the business model of so-called Web 2.0 applications, and showed a practical approximation of that environment with the use of collaboration users (characteristic of technical, social and ideological projects in web) to the platform, the formation of a digital commons. To this end, we used data from previous studies, analysis and data collected, and examples of use of YouTube.

Dans un rentier des terres arables des îles Shetland, écrit au début des années 1770, l’expression suivante apparut : « Les habitants des villages d’un même scattald sont appelés frères de scatt ». Ces quelques mots déclenchèrent une série de questions : qu’est-ce qu’un scattald ? Qu’est-ce que le scatt ? Qui sont ces frères de scatt ? Des recherches aux Archives Nationales d’Écosse et aux archives des îles Shetland ainsi que la lecture de travaux universitaires sur les questions des communautés, des communs, des coutumes, des systèmes de justice locale et sur la vie rurale à l’époque moderne conduisirent à l’écriture de cette thèse sur les communautés des îles Shetland au XVIIIe siècle. Ces communautés vivaient dans un contexte géographique particulier. Sans sous estimer le rôle de l’environnement local dans la vie des Shetlandais, cette thèse montre que celui-ci était plus un espace de possibilités que de restrictions ; il apportait des contraintes, mais tout autre environnement dans l’Europe moderne avait aussi ses limites. La vie dans les îles Shetland était, comme n’importe où en Écosse à la même époque, fondée sur les ressources locales et le développement de l’économie de marché apporta ses avantages et ses inconvénients aux habitants. Dans les îles Shetland, l’économie de marché entraîna le développement des tenures à poissons avec leurs contrats particuliers de métayage.Pour comprendre ces communautés, la thèse s’ouvre sur la manière dont elles étaient régulées. Les lois, les cours et le personnel judiciaire avaient tous un rôle à jouer dans le contrôle social des membres des communautés. Cette thèse explore aussi les activités des membres des communautés dans leur environnement. Les îles Shetland comme de nombreuses régions du nord-ouest de l’Europe à la même époque, étaient un espace de pluriactivité. À travers la pluriactivité et l’accès aux communs, les communautés shetlandaises des scattalds gardèrent un certain niveau d’indépendance même à une époque où existait la servitude pour dettes. Cette relation particulière fut rendue possible par un accès presque illimité aux communs pendant tout le XVIIIe siècle, époque pendant laquelle les déplacements sur les communs étaient possibles et où la transmission de la mémoire de ses frontières restait vivante. Des changements eurent cependant lieu sur les îles Shetland à cette époque. Les tenures à poissons ne furent qu’un élément de ces changements : les femmes commencèrent à être plus nombreuses que les hommes, la taille des terres arables cultivées par foyer diminua, les communs protégés furent lentement grignotés, et la cour de justice régionale offrit plus de possibilités de justice aux plus hauts rangs qu’aux tenanciers… Finalement, cette thèse soutient qu’au XVIIIe siècle, les communautés locales shetlandaises offraient une protection aux femmes et aux hommes qui à travers elles avaient un système de soutien organisé. / In a rental of the arable land of Shetland, written in the early 1770s, the following expression appeared: “The inhabitants of the Towns within the same Scattald are called scatt brethren.” These few words triggered a series of questions. What is a scattald? What is the scatt? Who are these ‘scatt brothers’? Research at the National Records of Scotland and at the Shetland Archives as well as the reading of academic literature on the questions of communities, commons, custom, local judicial systems and rural life in the early modern period led to the writing of a thesis on communities in the 18th century. These communities lived in a peculiar geographical context: the Shetland Islands. Without underestimating the role of the local environment in the life of the Shetlanders, this thesis shows that the surroundings of the Shetlanders were more a place of possibilities than a place of restrictions; it brought constraints, but any other surroundings in early modern Europe had its limitations. The life on the islands of Shetland was as anywhere else on mainland Scotland at the same period a life based on local resources and which saw the development of a market economy with its advantages and disadvantages for the inhabitants. In Shetland the market economy took the form of the fishing tenures with their specific share-cropping contracts.In order to understand these communities the thesis starts with how they were regulated. The regulations, the courts and their personnel all had a role to play in the social control of the members of the communities. This thesis also explores the activities of the communities’ members in their environment. Shetland as well as several regions in Northwest Europe at the same time was a place of pluriactivité, multi-tasking. Through multi-tasking and access to the commons, the scattald communities of Shetland kept a certain level of independence even in time of debt-bondage. This paradoxical relationship was rendered possible by an almost unlimited access to the commons throughout the 18th century, a time during which the movement on the commons were possible and the transmission of the memory of their boundaries stayed alive. Changes, however, happened on the islands during these times. The fishing tenures were only one element of these changes: women started to outnumber men, the size of the arable land cultivated by one household diminished, the protected commons were slowly nibbled, and a regional court offered more possibilities for justice to the higher ranks than to the tenants... Eventually, this thesis argues that local communities in 18th-century Shetland offered protection to women and men who through them had an organised support system

abstract: Designing a hazard intelligence platform enables public agencies to organize diversity and manage complexity in collaborative partnerships. To maintain the integrity of the platform while preserving the prosocial ethos, understanding the dynamics of “non-regulatory supplements” to central governance is crucial. In conceptualization, social responsiveness is shaped by communicative actions, in which coordination is attained through negotiated agreements by way of the evaluation of validity claims. The dynamic processes involve information processing and knowledge sharing. The access and the use of collaborative intelligence can be examined by notions of traceability and intelligence cohort. Empirical evidence indicates that social traceability is statistical significant and positively associated with the improvement of collaborative performance. Moreover, social traceability positively contributes to the efficacy of technical traceability, but not vice versa. Furthermore, technical traceability significantly contributes to both moderate and high performance improvement; while social traceability is only significant for moderate performance improvement. Therefore, the social effect is limited and contingent. The results further suggest strategic considerations. Social significance: social traceability is the fundamental consideration to high cohort performance. Cocktail therapy: high cohort performance involves an integrative strategy with high social traceability and high technical traceability. Servant leadership: public agencies should exercise limited authority and perform a supporting role in the provision of appropriate technical traceability, while actively promoting social traceability in the system. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El actual escenario mundial, revolucionado por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, presenta una serie de desafíos tanto a los derechos de propiedad intelectual como a los derechos que garantizan a toda persona el acceso a la cultura. El paradigma de la creación monopolizada por un sector que podríamos denominar “profesional” da paso a uno nuevo, en el cual, dadas las herramientas de la era digital, cada persona tiene en sus manos la posibilidad de crear y difundir una obra de su autoría con contenido creativo. Gran parte de estas creaciones pueden ser clasificadas como obras derivadas, las que resultan de la transformación de una obra primigenia u originaria. Esta democratización de la creatividad se ha visto constreñida por la intensificación de la protección de los derechos de propiedad intelectual, generada por el cada vez más importante rol de tales derechos en el comercio internacional. Es claro que la creatividad como valor social es algo deseable por toda nación, para su desarrollo cultural, social y económico, como lo es también la defensa y protección de los intereses morales y patrimoniales derivados de la producción cultural. Si bien ambos conceptos se encuentran intrínsecamente relacionados, el devenir de la normativa sobre propiedad intelectual ha provocado un desequilibrio entre aquello que reconocemos como los intereses públicos y privados, de acceso y protección, respectivamente. Las obras derivadas son un ejemplo claro de esto, pues si bien los avances tecnológicos facilitan la generación de contenido creativo a partir de obras preexistentes, el estricto régimen de autorizaciones que imponen las normas sobre propiedad intelectual dificulta dicha tarea. Iniciativas como las licencias Creative Commons buscan reestablecer el equilibrio que debe existir en la normativa sobre derecho de autor, facilitando el acceso a contenido creativo y posibilitando la producción de nuevas obras, empoderando a los autores para que sean estos quienes definan aquello que puede o no ser realizado con su obra. Sin embargo, resulta vital el definir si dicho equilibrio es suficientemente garantizado con las decisiones particulares de los autores.

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Communal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector. / South Africa

Livestock farmers on communal land rely heavily on state veterinary services (SVS) for animal health care. State provided primary health care services are however, not readily accessible to many such communities. The study was conducted to investigate the primary animal health care (PAHC) delivery methods that are preferred by communal land-based livestock farmers, with special focus on the possibility of using community-based animal health workers (CAHW). The study was conducted in Mnisi community in Bushbuckridge local municipality of Mpumalanga Province. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 133 cattle farmers from 10 of the 15 inspection points in Mnisi community. After analysis of the data from the questionnaire surveys, group discussions were held at five inspection points to obtain clarity on the community’s needs and expectations for the delivery of PAHC services. Data was captured and analysed in Microsoft Excel using descriptive statistics. Responses from the group discussions and other interviews were captured and reported on. The respondents were predominately male (72 % of all respondents), owners of the livestock (80%) and had an average of 13 cattle each. The major reasons given for the exit of cattle from the herds were sales (38% of exits), drought (18.2%), stock theft (15.6%) and diseases (14.8%). Overall 55.1% of exits were losses while 43.7% were for beneficial purposes (1.2% of the exits from the cattle herds were not explained). The farmers perceived nutritional problems, animal diseases, access to water, stock theft, drought and ticks/dipping the six important constraints to livestock production. Amongst diseases and disease conditions, tick burdens, lumpy skin disease and internal parasites were considered the major challenges. Most farmers (77%) did not vaccinate their cattle. The main reason that was given for not vaccinating cattle was that vaccines were provided free by the SVS. None of the farmers felt that the vaccines were not available, not effective or too cumbersome to apply. Despite the free vaccines, 67% did not know if their cattle were ever vaccinated and or what diseases the administered vaccines prevented. All farmers controlled ectoparasite infestation either by plunge dipping (90.2%) or use of pour-on acaricides (9.8%). Furthermore, 78% of those who dipped their cattle also used other methods to control ectoparasites, popularly, whole body and/or spot spraying as and when it was necessary. Endoparasites were controlled by 59.4% of the respondents, predominately by drenching as and when it was necessary. The alternative products for ectoparasites and endoparasites were obtained mainly from the farmers’ cooperative in Hoedspruit. For 99% of the respondents the primary providers for animal health care in Mnisi were SVS professionals (predominately Animal Health Technicians, AHTs). Other community members were consulted by 30% of the respondents. The common routes of contact were visiting the SVS offices, contact at the inspection points and calling the officials with a cell phone. Two-thirds of the farmers reported diseases to SVS and most of them (94%) were happy with the response to the reports. In general the farmers were satisfied with the accessibility of the AHTs (72%), state veterinarians (95%) and the animal clinic staff (77%). They were also satisfied with the information that they received from SVS. The most preferred providers of animal health care were the AHTs (77%). When prompted, 92% of the respondents said they would use the services of a community-based person trained to handle animal health problems, mainly for advice on disease management, drug administration, disease surveillance, diagnosis and castration. During the group discussions, facilitating access to fodder and water were included in the tasks for the community-based persons. Forty-two percent of the respondents said that they would use such a person frequently and 83% were willing to pay for the services in cash and/or kind. The general impression was that young people should be trained to carry out these tasks. Farmers preferred that the community-based person should work closely with the AHTs and be in contact with the farmers as frequently as 2–3 times a week to monthly. It is concluded that farmers of Mnisi community were satisfied with the availability and accessibility of the PAHC services provided by the SVS, and in fact preferred the SVS for this service. The farmers however lacked the knowledge and ability to adequately handle the production, animal health and livestock security problems with which they were confronted. A community-based service would therefore be beneficial if it holistically addressed the critical challenges of access to fodder and water, control of diseases and ticks, ensured livestock security, and also equipped farmers to manage these challenges. It is therefore recommended that Community-based Livestock Workers could be engaged if they are adequately qualified to fulfil this role. The use of Farmer Field Schools facilitated either by AHTs or CLWs for capacitation of the farmers should be investigated. The cost implications, potential benefits and effectiveness of selected options should be explored further before conclusive decisions are taken. It is further recommended that some effort should be invested in stimulating community cohesion amongst farmers to enable them to collectively address challenges that are common to them. The needs for the delivery of PAHC services in Mnisi community illustrate that such services should be tailor-made for the intended beneficiary communities, taking into consideration the existing support structures, the communities’ socio-cultural issues, cost effectiveness and the possible impact of the services. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted