This diploma thesis named Civic amenities in Pacov in the 1960s examines a civic amenities in the town of Pacov in the 1960s within regional history. The main purpose of this thesis is to describe the development of defined areas of civic amenities (health care, retail network, communal services) providing some (basic) needs of citizens in the chosen city and time period. The primary source of this research are the archival sources from the examined period. This thesis at first introduces the research topic and purposes of the work, important concepts and sources used, then the national historical context of the examined period. The main part of the thesis follows: a description of the development of specific areas of civic amenities. The thesis ends with visual materials related to the topic. Key words Civic amenities, health care, retail network, communal services, regional history

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This project takes place in the north of Norway, on an Island called Senja. With its beautiful nature and reliable resource of fish it attracts tourists in the summer time and seasonal workers in the fishing industry during the winter.  How can communal housing for tourists and workers act as a hub in the local community? Around this question a cluster of different functions has been developed that serves the whole community as well as the communal housing with private living units.

La recherche sur les loisirs sérieux dans le monde du divertissement web a fait l’objet de nombreux articles sans pour autant faire de parallèles conceptuels explicites. Les acteurs sociaux cherchent habituellement un équilibre durable entre activité professionnelle et loisir dilettante. Il existe une part de ces individus qui s’investissent sérieusement dans une activité ludique sans devenir professionnels. Notre recherche veut s’intéresser à ces individus en comprenant comment ces acteurs se démarquent sérieusement sans s’apparenter aux dilettantes et sans égaler le niveau des professionnels. Nous comprenons au travers de cette étude qu’il existe de multiples profils autour de 5 dimensions sérieuses. En effet, chaque participant interrogé s’identifie ou explique la raison pour laquelle chaque dimension lui semble plus logique qu’une autre. En parallèle, l’application de ces dimensions fait intervenir l’apparition des ressources sous forme de capitaux. Si l’agencement de toutes les dimensions peut créer des opportunités capitalistiques sérieuses ou professionnelles, notre étude montre qu’un acteur usant de loisir sérieux ne génère habituellement pas de capitaux substantiels permettant des transitions de carrière. En revanche, il peut espérer tirer des capitaux communautaires grâce aux fruits de ses efforts. Ses capitaux communautaires sont représentés par un rassemblement de spectateurs regardant son contenu, discutant avec lui et versant occasionnellement des compensations monétaires. Au terme de cette recherche, nous souhaitons montrer les motivations derrière les activités du loisir sérieux sur une plateforme participative tout en nous questionnant sur la place du streaming au Québec. Étant placés entre l’enclume et le marteau d’une majorité anglophone dans une petite région francophone, nous élaborons la conclusion que les streamers sérieux du Québec se munissent de dimensions sérieuses afin de contourner ce problème d’un public minoritairement francophone. / Research about serious leisure in the web leisure world has been subject to many articles without proper explicit bridges between the two. Social actors are usually looking for long term balance between a professional activity and a leisure dabble. There is a part of these individuals seriously investing themselves in an activity without becoming an actual professional. Our research wants to focus on those individuals while understanding how they stand out in a serious fashion without looking like other dabblers and without being as efficient as professionals. We understand through this study that there are multiple profiles revolving around 5 different serious dimensions, each interviewed participant identifies himself or explains the reason why each dimension seems more logical than another. At the same time, applying those same dimensions can create ressources in the shape of capitals. If the alignment of all those dimensions may create serious or professional capitalistic opportunities, our study shows that an actor using serious leisure don’t usually generates enough substantial capital to shift into a full time streamer professional. However, he can hope gaining communal capitals thanks to his efforts. Those communal capitals are represented as a crowd of spectators watching his content, chatting with him or occasionally offering monetary compensations. At the end of this research, we wish to show the motivations behind serious leisure activities on participative platform while questioning ourselves about the place of streaming in Quebec. As it is stuck between the hammer and the anvil of an English speaking majority in a restricted French speaking territory, we conclude that serious streamers from Quebec are soliciting serious dimensions helping them overcome this issue of a small French speaking community.

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<p>This thesis examines fictional representations of Indian women’s responses to trauma in the background of communal violence. It argues that fiction allows for the reimagination of women’s conditions during communal riots, and their responses to trauma as a result of those riots. While ethnographic research seeks answers from traumatized victims, a fictional text can open up spaces for debates about conditions of women and their responses to trauma in the background of communal violence. Through Manju Kapur’s <em>A Married Woman</em> and Anita Rau Badami’s <em>Can You Hear the Nightbird Call?</em>, this project examines women’s negotiations of their religious and national identities within the private and the public and their responses to trauma caused by communal violence.</p> <p>The Introduction draws on texts on gender and diaspora theory as well as scholarly work on the evolution and history of communalism in India. It also looks at the historical backgrounds of two events of communal violence that underpin Kapur’s and Badami’s texts, namely, the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid controversy and the resulting 1992 riots, and Indira Gandhi’s assassination and the resulting 1984 anti-Sikh riots. Chapter 1 examines Indian women’s negotiations of religious identities in <em>A Married Woman</em>. Through the characters of Astha, Pipee and Sita, I argue that Kapur draws parallels between women as Other and religious minorities as Other. Her text shows the ways in which trauma crosses religious borders of Hindu-Muslim, and opens up possibilities for envisioning ways of ethically coexisting with the Other. Chapter 2 investigates communal violence in India and Canada in <em>Can You Hear the Nightbird Call?</em> Focusing on the characters of Bibi-ji, Leela and Nimmo, I argue that communal violence subsumes class, religion and location. Her text highlights how trauma crosses national boundaries and how the three women are torn apart by their losses.</p> <p>In my Conclusion, I suggest for new avenues of research that might contribute to a further understanding of the dynamics of communal violence and trauma, and a future investigation into the negotiation of male religious identities in the background of communal violence.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Local Peace Committees (LPCs) have emerged as adequate infrastructures for fostering peace in conflict-affected countries. The role of LPCs in facilitating peacebuilding is recognized in countries like Kenya, Burundi and Colombia. However, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the factors that enhance LPCs' capacity to resolve pastoral communal conflicts. This thesis aims to fill this gap by addressing the question: Why are some Local Peace Committees able to resolve pastoral communal conflicts while others are not? I propose that LPCs that receive continuous external funding have an increased capacity to resolve communal conflict compared to those with limited external funding. To test this theoretical argument, I conduct a study on two LPCs in Kenya. The findings of my study provide moderate support to the hypotheses tested. I attribute this moderate support to the small sample size, methodological limitations, and other confounding variables, such as local ownership and the country's supportive political environment. This study underscores the need to investigate additional factors that contribute to the increased capacity of LPCs, such as non-financial support( training and workshops).

It is impossible to imagine our schools or community without framing such a view around a corporate structure. Money, capital, and economic stakeholders are all around us, building a corporate landscape that all members of the community must travel through in the course of their everyday lives. To suggest that education should be void of any type of economic influence would be to deny that a very important thread of our communities' tapestry exists. As we look at the way that these education intentions move outside our own communities and connect us to other communities and the world, we see corporate education economics framed in either a global or communal perspective. A corporate science education perspective tends to treat science with strict positivism, and technology with hard determinism. Communal theories of science education view science as post-positivistic and technology with a softer determinism; as a result social implications emerge, and the science becomes more socially constructed. It supports the personal capital of all students, regardless of their view of science or technology. It allows students to "border cross" more easily so they can "scaffold" new science information onto previous learning. This research consists of exploring how biotechnology education emerged within the state, how the resources intersected within a biotechnology conference and how teachers conceptualized biotechnology practices in their own classrooms. The researcher pieced together a sketch of the history of how biotechnology curriculum arose in high school biology classes. The researcher also explored the hybrid nature of biotechnology resources such as an educational conference where teachers attend workshops and lectures. The practices of two teachers in a public high school and one in a private school setting were also analyzed. / Ph. D.

El presente artículo científico tiene como objetivo establecer los criterios para considerar la obligatoriedad de la aplicación de la jurisdicción comunal a los hechos que originan responsabilidad civil en la jurisdicción del Poder Judicial en el Perú. A través de la metodología cualitativa, se utilizó la técnica del fichaje, la revisión documental y el análisis de datos; entre los instrumentos, las fichas textuales, de resumen y el análisis documental. A partir de ello, se obtuvo que, a las Comunidades Campesinas, Nativas y Rondas Campesinas, les corresponde la aplicación de la facultad jurisdiccional regulada por el art. 149 de la Constitución Política, respaldada a nivel nacional e internacional por la legislación, jurisprudencia y doctrina; lo cual, surte efectos trascendentales para la vida comunal. Además, la realidad sociocultural denota necesaria su intervención y el ejercicio de la función jurisdiccional frente a los hechos acontecidos dentro del perímetro comunal, por la inacción del Estado e insuficiencia administrativa de sus autoridades. De tal forma que, si el recorrido histórico de nuestro país exige velar por una cultura de integridad en las zonas rurales, se debe establecer criterios de obligatoriedad como hilos conductores de la justicia para resolver conflictos que originan responsabilidad civil dentro de la comunidad, aunando que dentro de sus facultades están las de conciliar, garantizar el complimiento de los deberes de los miembros comuneros e intervenir en la solución pacífica de los conflictos. / The purpose of this scientific article is to establish the criteria to consider the mandatory application of the communal jurisdiction to the facts that originate civil liability in the jurisdiction of the Judicial Power in Peru. Through the qualitative methodology, the technique of the fichaje, documentary review and data analysis was used; among the instruments, the textual and summary cards and documentary analysis. From this, it was obtained that the Peasant Communities, Native Communities and Peasant Patrols have the application of the jurisdictional power regulated by art. 149 of the Political Constitution, supported at national and international level by legislation, jurisprudence and doctrine; which has transcendental effects for communal life. In addition, the socio-cultural reality denotes the need for its intervention and the exercise of the jurisdictional function in the face of the facts occurred within the communal perimeter, due to the inaction of the State and the administrative insufficiency of its authorities. In such a way that, if the historical path of our country demands to watch over a culture of integrity in rural areas, it is necessary to establish criteria of obligatory nature as the guiding threads of justice to solve conflicts that originate civil responsibility within the community, adding that within its faculties are those of conciliating, guaranteeing the fulfillment of the duties of the community members and intervening in the peaceful solution of the conflicts.