Video surveillance applications have experienced an increase in demand over the last decade. Surveillance systems can easily be found in places such as commercial offices, banks and traffic intersections, parks and recreational areas. Surveillance applications have the potential to be implemented on a WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) network. Moreover, WiMAX devices have been used widely in the market and WiMAX-based video surveillance products have also been available. As a radio technology, WiMAX is a wireless broadband system that offers greater capacity than WiFi networks and wider coverage than cellular networks. The acceptance of WiMAX in the market, the availability of WiMAX products and its technology excellence, contribute to the possibility of implementing it for surveillance application. However, since WiMAX is designed to accommodate various applications with different quality of service (QoS) requirements, dedicated surveillance network implementation of WiMAX may not achieve optimum performance, as all Subscriber Stations (SSs) generate the same QoS requirements. In the medium access (MAC) layer, this thesis proposes a bandwidth allocation scheme that considers the QoS uniformity of the traffic sources. The proposed bandwidth allocation scheme comprises a simplified bandwidth allocation architecture, a packet-aware bandwidth request mechanism and packet-aware scheduling algorithms. The simplified architecture maximizes resources in the Base Station (BS), deactivates unnecessary services and minimizes the processing delay. The proposed bandwidth request mechanism reduces bandwidth grant and transmission delays. The proposed scheduling algorithms prioritize bandwidth granting access to a request that contains important packet(s). The proposed methods in the MAC layer are designed to be applied to existing devices in the market, without the necessity to change hardware. The transport protocol should be able to deliver video with sufficient quality while maintaining low delay connectivity. The proposed transport layer protocol is therefore designed to improve the existing user datagram protocol (UDP) performance by retransmitting packet loss selectively to increase the received video quality, and utilizing MAC support to achieve low delay connectivity. In order to overcome the limitations of the lower layers, this thesis employs a rateless code instead of transport layer redundancy in the application layer. Moreover, this thesis proposes post-decoding error concealment techniques as the last means to overcome packet loss. To evaluate the performances of the proposed methods, simulations are carried out using NS-2 simulator on Linux platform. The proposed methods are compared to existing works to measure their effectiveness. To facilitate the implementation of the transport layer protocols in practical scenarios, UDP packet modification is applied for each transport layer protocol.

Atualmente a utilização do padrão IPS (Internet Protocol Suite) na ATN compreende os conceitos de mobilidade IP, de convergência na comunicação ar-terra e também as sub-redes ATN em terra. A ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) cita a ATN/IPS que é baseada em conexões suportadas pelos protocolos TCP e UDP na camada de transporte e IPv6 na camada de rede. A ATN/IPS deve ser capaz de suportar o ATSC (Air Traffic Service Communication), o AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communications), bem como o AOC (Aeronautical Operational Communications). Tendo em vista tal panorama, este trabalho de pesquisa aborda um estudo sobre o comportamento do protocolo MIPv6 para a mobilidade IP, analisando a capacidade de roteamento das aeronaves com o objetivo de complementar o serviço de navegação de forma mais precisa, introduzindo-se o conceito de mobilidade à capacidade de flexibilidade e escalabilidade para as aeronaves e os sistemas em terra. Como forma de atingir tal objetivo, primeiramente é realizada uma análise no canal VHF a fim de aferir as possíveis interferências que possam ocorrer em comunicações entre a aeronave e o Controle de Tráfego Aéreo. Após, implementa-se o ambiente onde são simulados os testes de comportamento do protocolo MIPv6. / Currently the use of standard IPS (Internet Protocol Suite) in the ATN it comprehends the concepts of IP mobility, convergence in the air-to-ground communication and also ATN sub-nets in land. The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) mentions the ATN/IPS, which is based on connections supported by TCP and UDP protocols in the transport layer and by IPv6 in the net layer. The ATN/IPS must be able to support the ATSC (Air Traffic Service Communication), the AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communications), as well as the AOC (Aeronautical Operational Communications). In view of such a scenario, a study on the behavior of the MIPv6 protocol for mobility IP is approached, analyzing the capacity of router of the aircraft so as to complement the navigation service more accurately, introducing the concept of mobility to the flexibility capacity and scalability for the aircraft and the systems in land. In order to attain this goal, first an analysis in the VHF channel is carried out in order to gauge the possible interferences that may occur in communications between the aircraft and the Air Traffic Control. After that, the environment is implemented where the behavior tests of the MIPv6 protocol are simulated.

Atualmente a utilização do padrão IPS (Internet Protocol Suite) na ATN compreende os conceitos de mobilidade IP, de convergência na comunicação ar-terra e também as sub-redes ATN em terra. A ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) cita a ATN/IPS que é baseada em conexões suportadas pelos protocolos TCP e UDP na camada de transporte e IPv6 na camada de rede. A ATN/IPS deve ser capaz de suportar o ATSC (Air Traffic Service Communication), o AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communications), bem como o AOC (Aeronautical Operational Communications). Tendo em vista tal panorama, este trabalho de pesquisa aborda um estudo sobre o comportamento do protocolo MIPv6 para a mobilidade IP, analisando a capacidade de roteamento das aeronaves com o objetivo de complementar o serviço de navegação de forma mais precisa, introduzindo-se o conceito de mobilidade à capacidade de flexibilidade e escalabilidade para as aeronaves e os sistemas em terra. Como forma de atingir tal objetivo, primeiramente é realizada uma análise no canal VHF a fim de aferir as possíveis interferências que possam ocorrer em comunicações entre a aeronave e o Controle de Tráfego Aéreo. Após, implementa-se o ambiente onde são simulados os testes de comportamento do protocolo MIPv6. / Currently the use of standard IPS (Internet Protocol Suite) in the ATN it comprehends the concepts of IP mobility, convergence in the air-to-ground communication and also ATN sub-nets in land. The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) mentions the ATN/IPS, which is based on connections supported by TCP and UDP protocols in the transport layer and by IPv6 in the net layer. The ATN/IPS must be able to support the ATSC (Air Traffic Service Communication), the AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communications), as well as the AOC (Aeronautical Operational Communications). In view of such a scenario, a study on the behavior of the MIPv6 protocol for mobility IP is approached, analyzing the capacity of router of the aircraft so as to complement the navigation service more accurately, introducing the concept of mobility to the flexibility capacity and scalability for the aircraft and the systems in land. In order to attain this goal, first an analysis in the VHF channel is carried out in order to gauge the possible interferences that may occur in communications between the aircraft and the Air Traffic Control. After that, the environment is implemented where the behavior tests of the MIPv6 protocol are simulated.

In this paper, we will provide an example of SoC for Information Appliance. We will use the SoC to reduce design-time and design-cost for IA products. Simultaneously, we will also enhance the Gigabit Ethernet Media- Access-Controller (MAC) with Hardware TCP/IP Checksum module. It can alleviate the CPU loads effectively, especially in longer length packets.

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the system’s computational and physical elements. A large-scale CPS usually consists of several subsystems which are formed by networked sensors and actuators, and deployed in different locations. These subsystems interact with the physical world and execute specific monitoring and control functions. How to organize the sensors and actuators inside each subsystem and interconnect these physically separated subsystems together to achieve secure, reliable and real-time communication is a big challenge. In this thesis, we first present a TDMA-based low-power and secure real-time wireless protocol. This protocol can serve as an ideal communication infrastructure for CPS subsystems which require flexible topology control, secure and reliable communication and adjustable real-time service support. We then describe the network management techniques designed for ensuring the reliable routing and real-time services inside the subsystems and data management techniques for maintaining the quality of the sampled data from the physical world. To evaluate these proposed techniques, we built a prototype system and deployed it in different environments for performance measurement. We also present a light-weighted and scalable solution for interconnecting heterogeneous CPS subsystems together through a slim IP adaptation layer and a constrained application protocol layer. This approach makes the underlying connectivity technologies transparent to the application developers thus enables rapid application development and efficient migration among different CPS platforms. At the end of this thesis, we present a semi-autonomous robotic system called cyberphysical avatar. The cyberphysical avatar is built based on our proposed network infrastructure and data management techniques. By integrating recent advance in body-compliant control in robotics, and neuroevolution in machine learning, the cyberphysical avatar can adjust to an unstructured environment and perform physical tasks subject to critical timing constraints while under human supervision. / text

This master thesis examines the development of the two earlier independent IR protocols Z39.50 and SR (Search and Retrieve, ISO 10162/10163), now Z39.50/SR, from the beginning of the 80s to 1996 and their functionality in the client/server environment. Z39.50 applications in library systems will allow easy access to information regardless of platform or location. The use of Z39.50 will create a new user environment. Almost all the library systems of the market support the Z39.50 and surprisingly the use of it in Sweden lied on a very low leve! in 1996. This thesis was followed-up by an interview and a questioner among the Swedish Z39.50 users. They could see a huge potential of development concerning the future IR process. Z39.50 will change the libraries' traditional IR structure and the behaviour of the end-users.

The Internet was initially built around networks based on physical cables, the next step to improve the accessibility of the Internet came with the introduction of wireless communication. the next step to improving accessibility to the Internet came with the introduction of wireless communication. Because the IoT products are wirelessly connected, they need an internal power source in the form of a battery. Many of the existing communication protocols are therefore not suitable for IoT solutions because they are power consuming. Alternatives to these communication protocols have therefore been developed, for example LTE-M, NB-IoT and LoRaWAN. The study was conducted in cooperation with Etteplan. Etteplan want to invest in LoRaWAN and thus want to gain deeper knowledge within LoRaWAN. Thus, it was chosen to investigate how different factors affect the signal strength transmission time in a LoRaWAN. The focus of the study has thus been on the communication between an IoT node and a receiver in a LoRaWAN, thus the purpose of the study: To show how different data rates, distances and environments affect the quality of information sent from an IoT node to a receiver in LoRaWAN. Design science research was used as a research method, in design science research an artefact is constructed and then studied. In this study, a LoRaWAN was constructed and the communication between an IoT node and receiver in this LoRaWAN was studied. To study the communication between the IoT node and the receiver, two experiments were performed. The experiments were performed simultaneously where the difference was in the data collected, one experiment collected the signal strength and the second the transmission time. The experiment was conducted in two different environments, one with a clear view and one with blockages. In the experiment, the IoT node was positioned at different distances with different data rates. The result of the study shows how different data rates, distances and environments affected the quality of information between an IoT node and receiver and how they relate to previous research. Data rate was the factor that affected the quality of the information most. Data rate had minimal impact on signal strength, but great impact on number of lost data packet and transmission times. The two different environments had no effect on the transmission time, but the signal strength was over 10 dbm lower in the urban environment than with clear view. The distance had no effect on transmission time and minimal impact on signal strength. / Internet var i begynnelsen uppbyggt kring nätverk baserade på fysiska kablar, nästa steg för att förbättra tillgängligheten till Internet kom med introduktionen av trådlös kommunikation. Ett nytt begrepp dök upp vid millennieskiftet, Internet of Things (IoT). Tanken bakom IoT är att olika typer av produkter, som exempelvis tandborstar och kylskåp trådlöst kopplas upp mot Internet. Eftersom IoT-produkterna är trådlöst uppkopplade behöver de en intern strömkälla i form av ett batteri. Många av de existerande kommunikationsprotokollen lämpar sig därför inte för IoT-lösningar eftersom dessa är strömkrävande. Alternativ till dessa kommunikationsprotokoll har därför tagits fram, till exempel LTE-M, NB-IoT och LoRaWAN. Studien utfördes i samarbete med Etteplan. Etteplan vill satsa på LoRaWAN och vill därmed få en djupare kunskap inom LoRaWAN. Därmed valdes det att undersöka hur olika faktorer påverkar signalstyrkan och sändningstiden i ett LoRaWAN. Studiens fokus har därmed varit på kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och en mottagare i ett LoRaWAN, därmed är studiens syfte: Att visa på hur olika datahastigheter, avstånd och miljöer påverkar kvaliteten på informationen som sänds från en IoT-nod till en mottagare i ett LoRaWAN. Design science research användes som forskningsmetod då i design science research konstrueras en artefakt som att sedan undersöks. I studiens fall konstruerades ett LoRaWAN där sedan kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och mottagare i detta LoRaWAN studerades. För att studera kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och en mottagare utfördes två experiment. Experimenten utfördes samtidigt där skillnaden låg i datat som samlades in, det ena experimentet samlade in signalstyrkan och den andra sändningstiden. Experimentet utfördes i två olika miljöer, en med fri sikt och en med blockeringar. I experimentet positionerades IoT-noden på olika avstånd med olika datahastigheter. Resultatet från studien visar hur olika datahastigheter, avstånd och miljöer påverkade kvaliteten på informationen mellan en IoT-nod och mottagare och hur de relateras till tidigare forskning. Datahastigheten var den faktorn som påverkade kvaliteten på informationen mest. Datahastigheten hade minimal påverkan på signalstyrkan, men stor påverkan på antal förlorade datapaket och sändningstider. De två olika miljöerna hade ingen påverkan på sändningstiden, men signalstyrkan var över 10 dbm lägre i stadsmiljön än med fri sikt. Avståndet hade ingen påverkan på sändningstiden och minimal påverkan på signalstyrkan.

In distributed systems it is often useful to ensure that messages sent between processes in a group are received by all group members. This thesis presents Reliable Non-Ordered Multicast Protocol (RNOMP). We argue that it achieves reliable multicast between processes in groups that processes can leave and join arbitrarily. The protocol has been implemented on top of a group membership simulation which allows evaluation of the performance of the protocol while varying packet loss and the frequency at which processes leaves and joins groups. After analyzing how the protocol handles certain situations we conclude that our protocol achieves reliability and performs well within certain parameter values.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a small temperature test chamber. The first chapter is a study of temperature sensors suitable for realization of temperature chambers. The conclusion of this chapter is devoted to digital temperature sensor DS18B20. The second chapter deals with the principles and basic parameters of Peltier cells. In the third chapter design of individual electronic components of the temperature chamber is realized (circuit diagrams and PCBs), including a description of basic features of the microcontroller firmware. The fourth chapter is devoted to a description of the basic properties of the application software and a description of the communication protocol. The last two chapters deal with the construction of the temperature chamber and the results of final functional test.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a small temperature test chamber. The first chapter is a study of temperature sensors suitable for realization of temperature chambers. The conclusion of this chapter is devoted to digital temperature sensor DS18B20. The second chapter deals with the principles and basic parameters of Peltier cells. In the third chapter design of individual electronic components of the temperature chamber is realized (circuit diagrams and PCBs), including a description of basic features of the microcontroller firmware. The fourth chapter is devoted to a description of the basic properties of the application software and a description of the communication protocol. The last two chapters deal with the construction of the temperature chamber and the results of final functional test.