Bakgrund: Operationsteamet består av olika professioner som alla utgör en viktig del i arbetet. För att tillvarata allas unika kompetens krävs ett effektivt samarbete och informationsutbyte. Studier har emellertid visat att kommunikationssvårigheter inom teamet är vanligt förekommande, vilket försvårar samarbetet och utgör en risk för patientsäkerheten. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka operationsteamets upplevelser av kommunikationssvårigheter i operationssalen. Metod: Litteraturstudie med systematiskt tillvägagångssätt enligt Bettany-Saltikov och McSherry (2016). Litteratursökning genomfördes via databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Tio kvalitativa artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Kommunikationssvårigheter upplevdes vara en följd av bristande gemenskap, olämpligt beteende, olika perspektiv och prioriteringar. Kommunikationssvårigheterna hade enligt operationsteamet en negativ inverkan på både patientsäkerheten, arbetsglädjen och effektiviteten i operationssalen. Konklusion: Kommunikationssvårigheter utgör ett problem inom operationssjukvården då det försvårar samarbetet i operationsteamet. Kommunikationssvårigheterna kan resultera i negativa konsekvenser för såväl patienten som anställda. / Background: The operating team consists of various professionals who all are an important part of the work. To take advantage of all team members’ unique skills, effective collaboration and communication is required. However, studies have shown that communication difficulties within the team are common, which complicates collaboration and poses a risk to patient safety. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the operating team members’ experiences of communication failures in the operating room. Method: Literature study with systematic approach in accordance with Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry (2016). The literature search was conducted in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. Ten qualitative articles were included. Outcome: Communication difficulties were perceived as a result of lack of community within the group, inappropriate behavior, different perspectives and priorities. According to the operating team, the communication difficulties had a negative impact on both patient safety, job satisfaction and efficiency in the operating room. Conclusion: Communication difficulties are a problem in surgical care as it complicates the cooperation in the surgical team. The communication difficulties can result in negative consequences for both the patient and the employees.

abstract: With growing complexity of power grid interconnections, power systems may become increasingly vulnerable to low frequency oscillations (especially inter-area oscillations) and dependent on stabilizing controls using either local signals or wide-area signals to provide adequate damping. In recent years, the ability and potential to use wide-area signals for control purposes has increased since a significant investment has been made in the U. S. in deploying synchrophasor measurement technology. Fast and reliable communication systems are essential to enable the use of wide-area signals in controls. If wide-area signals find increased applicability in controls the security and reliability of power systems could be vulnerable to disruptions in communication systems. Even though numerous modern techniques have been developed to lower the probability of communication errors, communication networks cannot be designed to be always reliable. Given this background the motivation of this work is to build resiliency in the power grid controls to respond to failures in the communication network when wide-area control signals are used. In addition, this work also deals with the delay uncertainty associated with the wide-area signal transmission. In order to counteract the negative impact of communication failures on control effectiveness, two approaches are proposed and both approaches are motivated by considering the use of a robustly designed supplementary damping control (SDC) framework associated with a static VAr compensator (SVC). When there is no communication failure, the designed controller guarantees enhanced improvement in damping performance. When the wide-area signal in use is lost due to a communication failure, however, the resilient control provides the required damping of the inter-area oscillations by either utilizing another wide-area measurement through a healthy communication route or by simply utilizing an appropriate local control signal. Simulation results prove that with either of the proposed controls included, the system is stabilized regardless of communication failures, and thereby the reliability and sustainability of power systems is improved. The proposed approaches can be extended without loss of generality to the design of any resilient controller in cyber-physical engineering systems. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2014

В выпускнοй квалификациοннοй рабοте рассмοтрены особенности электронной коммуникативной среды в целом и электронного письма в частности. В работе содержится стилистическая характеристика электронных писем, выявлены закономерности их использования в различных эпистолярных жанрах интернет-коммуникации в соответствии с условиями и целями коммуникации, рассмотрены причины коммуникативных неудач в русскоязычной среде, определена роль этикетных речевых формул, употребляемых в электронной переписке между преподавателями и студентами. / In the final qualification work, the features of the electronic communication environment in general and e-mail in particular are considered. The paper contains the stylistic characteristics of e-mails, reveals the patterns of their use in various epistolary genres of Internet communication in accordance with the conditions and goals of communication, considers the causes of communication failures in the Russian-speaking environment, determines the role of etiquette speech formulas used in electronic correspondence between teachers and students.