Orientadores: João Vasconcellos Neto, Valmir Antonio Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:35:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_GabrielaCristina_M.pdf: 3095027 bytes, checksum: d2c4b3f38ff2c7fa7f34af244255a3da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Em comunidades, as relações tróficas entre os organismos raramente são lineares, sendo comum uma extensiva rede de interações. Em sistemas envolvendo três níveis tróficos, tais como plantas, herbívoros e predadores/parasitoides, pode ser desencadeada uma cascata trófica de cima para baixo, com efeitos positivos indiretos do terceiro nível trófico na população dos produtores, ou uma cascata de baixo para cima através dos produtores, influenciando os níveis tróficos superiores. Os capítulos de Compostas (plantas da Família Asteraceae), constituem "ecossistemas em miniatura", com diversas interações tritróficas, i.e. proteção a herbívoros endófagos, sujeitos à predação e parasitismo especializado. Por serem componentes importantes em sistemas tróficos complexos do qual pouco se conhece, fez-se necessário a investigação das interações tritróficas entre Trichogoniopsis adenantha, herbívoros endófagos de capítulos e parasitoides associados. Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Serra do Japi, Jundiaí-SP, onde foi feita a coleta mensal de dados da fenologia de T. adenantha, coleta de capítulos para contagem e classificação de herbívoros endófagos e parasitoides, análise das taxas de ataque, análise da dinâmica populacional de cada componente do sistema, análise das relações com as variáveis climáticas e sincronia entre as populações, e análise do total de sementes fertilizadas em capítulos intactos, com endófagos e/ou parasitoides. T. adenantha possui sazonalidade para ramos vegetativos e reprodutivos, com picos no outono, porém sem relação com as variáveis climáticas. Entretanto, cada fenofase do capítulo apresentou sazonalidade com influências das variáveis climáticas. O pico populacional de Trupanea sp. (Diptera, Tephritidae) ocorreu durante a fase reprodutiva de T. adenantha, quando a disponibilidade de capítulos é maior. Por outro lado, o pico populacional de Melanagromyza neotropica (Diptera, Agromyzidae) ocorreu em dezembro. No entanto, o pico populacional de ambos os endófagos ocorreu quando a disponibilidade de botões florais foi baixa. Desse modo, a planta utiliza uma estratégia para compensar a herbivoria, pois a elevada produção de capítulos excede a demanda e sacia os herbívoros. Além disso, o pico de produção de botões florais ocorreu no período frio, quando as populações dos endófagos estão baixas, como estratégia fenológica de escape no tempo para evitar o ataque dos endófagos a botões em formação. Contudo, a planta também utiliza fatores bióticos para complementar as estratégias de defesa, como aranhas e parasitoides, altamente sincronizados aos seus hospedeiros. Estes inimigos naturais atuam em conjunto nesse sistema, pois apenas Trupanea sp. é capturada por aranhas, mas aqueles que escapam desse ataque expõem sua prole aos parasitoides; com a queda da população de Trupanea sp., diminui a competição com M. neotropica, que terá um crescimento populacional, porém esse endófago possui um número maior de espécies de parasitoides, sendo seus únicos inimigos naturais nesse sistema. A presença de larvas parasitadas em capítulos resultou na menor média de sementes fecundadas, porém a quantidade de sementes fecundadas não apresentou relação com a abundância de parasitoides ou de endófagos, devido à relação com fatores climáticos. Concluiu-se que os efeitos "top-down" e "bottom-up" atuam conjuntamente no sistema T. adenantha ¿ herbívoros endófagos ¿ parasitoides, sendo de grande importância na manutenção do sistema e supressão dos efeitos da herbivoria dos endófagos / Abstract: In communities, trophic relationships between organisms are rarely linear, being common an extensive network of interactions. In systems involving three trophic levels, such as plants, herbivores and predators/parasitoids, it can be triggered a trophic cascade from top to bottom, with positive indirect effects of the third trophic level in the producers population, or a cascade upwards through the producers, influencing the higher trophic levels. The flower heads of Composite (plants of family Asteraceae), comprise "miniature ecosystems", with several tritrophic interactions, i.e. protection for endophagous herbivores, subject to predation and specialized parasitism. Because they are important components in complex trophic systems which little is known, it was necessary the investigation of the tritrophic interactions between Trichogoniopsis adenantha, flower heads endophagous and associated parasitoids. This study was conducted in Serra do Japi, Jundiaí-SP, where it has been done the monthly collection of the phenology of T. adenantha, collection of flower heads for counting and sorting of endophagous herbivores and parasitoids, analysis of the attack rates, analysis of the population dynamics of each system component, analysis of the relationships with climate variables and synchrony between the populations, and the analysis of total fertilized seeds in intact flower heads, with endophagous and/or parasitoids. T. adenantha have seasonality for vegetative and reproductive branches, with peaks in autumn, but not related to the climatic variables. However, each phenophase of the flower heads has presented seasonality with influences of the climate variables. The Trupanea sp. (Diptera, Tephritidae) population peak occurred during the reproductive phase of T. adenantha, when the availability of flower heads is larger. On the other hand, the Melanagromyza neotropica (Diptera, Agromyzidae) population peak occurred in December. However, the population peak of both endophagous occurred when the availability of floral buds was low. Thus, the plant uses a strategy to compensate the herbivory, since the high production of flower heads exceeds the demand and quenches the herbivores. Moreover, the peak of production of flower buds occurred in the cold period, when the populations of endophagous are low, as phenological strategy of escape in time to avoid the attack of the endophagous to floral buds forming. However, the plant also uses biotic factors to complement the defense strategies, such as spiders and parasitoids, highly synchronized to their hosts. These natural enemies work together in this system, because only Trupanea sp. is captured by spiders, but those who escape from this attack expose their offspring to parasitoids; with Trupanea sp population falling, decreases the competition with M. neotropica, which will have a population growth, but this endophagous has a larger number of species of parasitoids, being their unique natural enemies in the system. The presence of parasitized larvae in flower heads resulted in the lowest average of fertilized seeds, but the amount of fertilized seeds showed no relationship with the abundance of parasitoids or endophagous, due to the relationship with climatic factors. It was concluded that the effects of "top-down" and "bottom-up" act jointly in system T. adenantha ¿ endophagous herbivores - parasitoids, being of great importance in system maintenance and eliminating the effects of the herbivory of endophagous / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestra em Ecologia

Desmids are an important part of the phytobenthos in the wetland ecosystems. These ecosystems are often ephemeral and changes in the hydrological regime is a typical characterisic of this habitat type. Dessication is a significant stress factor that affects water organisms. Different species differ in their extent of tolerance to dessication stress and it can affect their community structure and also their phylogenetic diversity. Two sites, the nature reserve Borkovická Blata and the nature locality Na Plachtě, were selected for this work. Ephemeral (seasonally dessicating) and permanent pools differed in the structure of desmid communities but the difference was signifacant only for Borkovická blata. At both localities, the samples from the dessicating pools showed in average lower species richness and Shannon's diversity index than samples from non-dessicating pools, but the differences between these groups of samples were not statistically significant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the desmids community were phylogenetically overdispersed; closely related species tended to not appear together on the same sites at both localities. The difference in the phylogenetic structure between ephemeral and permanent was detected only in the Borkovická blata site, where the ephemeral pools exhibited weaker...

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-13T12:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Daniele Maciel, 2015.pdf: 8269323 bytes, checksum: 502a5b895730f3f0f1d5a51d67510dac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T12:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Daniele Maciel, 2015.pdf: 8269323 bytes, checksum: 502a5b895730f3f0f1d5a51d67510dac (MD5) Previous issue date: 30-09-30 / CAPEs / O sistema Estuarino do Rio Capibaribe (SERC) está localizado na região metropolitana do Recife e trata-se de uma área muito importante do ponto de vista socioeconômico. Apesar disto, recebe intensa carga de efluentes domésticos e industriais, na sua maioria sem tratamento. Vários processos físicos e químicos regem o destino destes contaminantes, incluindo a tendência dos mesmos serem adsorvidos ao material particulado. O regime de circulação do SERC favorece a retenção deste material e, por consequência, os contaminantes acabam se depositando nos sedimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar, pela primeira vez, a saúde ambiental do SERC, considerando aspectos químicos e biológicos. Primeiramente, investigou-se a contaminação de sedimentos por Hidrocarbonetos (HCs) e Organoestânicos (OTs), em 9 estações distribuídas dentro do estuário. Também foram analisados HCs em mais 5 pontos da plataforma adjacente ao SERC, com o intuito de se investigar o potencial de transferência de contaminantes do estuário para a área costeira. Os compostos foram determinados através de cromatografia em fase gasosa associada a um detector de ionização de chama (para hidrocarbonetos alifáticos - HAs) e a um detector de espectrometria de massas (para hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) e OTs). As concentrações dos alifáticos totais no estuário variaram entre 7,5 μg g-1 e 190,3 μg g-1. A Mistura Complexa Não Resolvida esteve presente em grande parte das amostras indicando a contaminação dos sedimentos do estuário por óleo. A concentração de HPAs variou desde abaixo do limite de detecção a 497,6 ng g-1, com predominância de fontes pirolíticas, mas, em alguns pontos do estuário, há indicações de contribuição petrogênica, sugerindo uma mistura de fontes. Observou-se uma diminuição na concentração dos HCs em direção a foz do estuário. As concentrações de OTs variaram entre 13,97 e 541,69 ng Sn g-1, e os resultados indicam aporte recente destes contaminantes no ambiente, mesmo após obanimento de seu uso como agente anti-incrustante. A partir da constatação da contaminação dos sedimentos, cinco dos locais mais contaminados e próximos a potenciais fontes de contaminação foram novamente amostrados. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade dos sedimentos do estuário através da abordagem clássica ―Tríade da Qualidade de Sedimento‖ (TQS) e o uso de análises multivariadas. Foram investigadas a contaminação por HAs e HPAs, compostos organoclorados (OCs) e metais pesados. Testes ecotoxicológicos e análise da estrutura da comunidade bentônica também foram realizados. Para determinação dos compostos orgânicos foi usada a mesma metodologia descrita anteriormente e, para determinação dos metais, a técnica de ICP-MS. Todas as estações apresentaram contaminação por HCs, OCs e metais pesados, sendo as maiores concentrações na porção superior do estuário e na área portuária. Em alguns casos, alguns compostos excederam os limites de segurança estabelecidos por agências reguladoras internacionais, podendo causar efeitos nocivos à biota. As estações localizadas em frente ao Porto do Recife e na parte mais interna do estuário apresentaram toxicidade para o copépodo Tisbe biminiensis e, ainda, na porção mais interna do estuário foram registrados os menores valores de abundância e diversidade de organismos. Os resultados das análises integradas indicaram a presença de um gradiente de diminuição da degradação, do interior do estuário à sua desembocadura. A TQS mostrou-se eficaz para avaliar a qualidade e saúde ambiental da região e pode ser usada em programas de monitoramento de outras regiões estuarinas. / The Capibaribe Estuarine System (CES) is located in the metropolitan region of Recife and, besides its important socio-economic role, it receives high load of domestic and industrial effluents, mostly untreated. Several physical and chemical processes govern the fate of these contaminants, but the hydrophobics tend to be adsorbed to the particulate material. The CES hydrodynamics favors the retention and deposition of this material and, consequently, the contaminants as well. The objective of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the environmental health of CES, considering chemical and biological aspects. Firstly, the sediment contamination by Hydrocarbons (HCs) and Organotins (OTs) was investigated in 9 stations distributed along the estuary. HCs were also analyzed in five stations on the adjacent shelf, in order to investigate the potential transfer of contaminants from estuary to the coastal area. The compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (aliphatic hydrocarbons - HAs) and a mass spectrometric detector (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs, and OTs). Concentrations of total aliphatic in the estuary ranged from 7.5 μg g-1 to 190.3 μg g-1. The Unresolved Complex Mixture was registered in most samples indicating the contamination of sediments by oil. PAHs concentrations ranged from <limit of detection to 497.6 ng g-1. Pyrolytic compounds predominated in most sites but, in some portions of the estuary, the dominance of petrogenic suggests a mixture of sources. There was a decrease in the HCs concentration from upper to lower estuary. OTs concentrations ranged between 13.97 and 541.69 ng Sn g-1, and the results indicated recent input of this contaminant in the environment, even after its banishment as antifouling agent. Based on the sediments contamination and proximity of potential sources, five stations were again sampled. The objective was to evaluate the quality of the sediments through the classical approach "Sediment Quality Triad" (SQT) and multivariate analyzes. The contamination by PAHs, HAs, organochlorine (OC) and heavy metals were investigated. The OCs were analyzed using the same methodology described above, and for metals, the ICP-MS technique was used. Ecotoxicological bioassays and analysis of benthic community structure were also performed. All stations are contaminated by HCs, OC and heavy metals, and the highest concentrations were recorded in the upper portion of the estuary and in the port area. Some compounds exceeded the safe limits established by international regulatory agencies in a few samples, and they may be harmful to biota. The stations located in front of the Port of Recife and in the inner part of the estuary showed toxicity to the copepod Tisbe biminiensis. In addition, the inner portion had the lowest abundance and diversity of organisms. Integrated analyses indicated a decreasing gradient of degradation, from most inner part of the estuary to river mouth. The SQT was effective to assess the quality and environmental health and should be used in monitoring programs of other estuarine areas.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-29T17:11:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2010-Dissertação-DéboraBarbosa.pdf: 1437104 bytes, checksum: c4ce02bf62658ef9c6ea3916255fe546 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T17:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2010-Dissertação-DéboraBarbosa.pdf: 1437104 bytes, checksum: c4ce02bf62658ef9c6ea3916255fe546 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A composição do mesozooplâncton do estuário do rio Timbó, Paulista –PE foi analisada nos meses de julho, setembro e dezembro de 2009. Cada coleta teve duração de 24 horas, sendo realizados arrastos de 15 minutos a cada 3 horas, em duas estações fixas. As amostras foram obtidas através de rede de plâncton com 300 micrômetros de abertura de malha. Em cada coleta foram aferidas: temperatura, profundidade e salinidade. O material coletado foi fixado em formol a 4% e analisado posteriormente sob estereomicroscópio e microscópio óptico. A riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade das comunidades mesozooplanctônicas e de copépodes foram analisadas através do ANOVA no programa STATISTICA 6.0 e a estrutura das comunidades analisada através do programa PRIMER 4.0. O mesozooplâncton do estuário do rio Timbó esteve representado por 39 táxons distribuídos em 08 filos, dentre os quais Arthropoda foi o mais representativo compondo 90,4% dos organismos, sendo Crustacea Copepoda o grupo dominante em todos os meses. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na estrutura das comunidades mesozooplanctônicas e de copépodes em relação às marés, meses do ano e localização ao longo do estuário, onde a maior diversidade e riqueza de organismos foram observadas na estação de coleta mais próxima do mar, nas marés cheias e enchente para o mesozooplâncton e nas marés cheia e vazante para Copepoda. O mês de dezembro apresentou densidades mais baixas de organismos porém maior diversidade. A comunidade mesozooplanctônica foi considerada típica de ambiente estuarinona qual o holoplâncton foi mais abundante que o meroplâncton em todos os meses, o que é esperado para regiões estuarinas. Dentre os copépodes,Acartia lilljeborgi foi aespécie mais frequentee abundante durante todo período, ressaltando-se ainda a ocorrência frequente de Acartia tonsae Pseudodiaptomus acutus. / The mesozooplankton composition of the Timbó River, Paulista-PE was analyzed in July, Septemberand December of 2009. The sampling lasted 24 hours, being realized tows of 15 minutes at every three hours at two fixed stations. Samples were obtained by plankton net with 300 μm mesh size. In each sampling weremeasured temperature, depth and salinity. The samples were fixed with formaldehyde at 4% and posteriorly analyzed under stereomicroscope and optical microscope. Therichness, diversity and equitability of the mesozooplankton and copepods community were analyzed using ANOVA of the STATISTICA 6.0 software, while the structure of the community was analyzed on the PRIMER 4.0 software. The mesozooplankton of the Timbó River was represented by 39 taxa, distributed in 8 phylum. The phylum Arthropoda was the most representative having 90,4% of the organisms. Copepods were the dominant group in all months. Significant differences were observed on the structure of the mesozooplankton and copepods community between tides, months and location along the estuary. The highest diversity and richness of organisms were observed in the sampling station closest to the sea, on the high and flood tides and for the mesozooplankton and on the flood and ebb tides for Copepoda. December presented the lowest density of organism although had the highest diversity. The mesozooplankton community was considered typical of a estuarine environment, in which the holoplankton was more abundant than the meroplankton in all months. This fact is expected for estuarine regions. Among the copepods, Acartia lilljeborgi wasmost frequent andabundant species during the whole period. It is worth mentioning the frequent occurrence of Acartia tonsaand Pseudodiaptomus acutus.

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi estudar a produção primária na Represa de Bariri, que é a segunda do sistema do Médio Tietê. Para atingirmos o objetivo proposto, as coletas foram realizadas em duas estações de amostragem M1, na zona limnética, e M2, na zona litorânea, nos meses de fevereiro, abril, julho e setembro de 1998. A produtividade primária da comunidade fitoplanctônica foi determinada através do método do oxigênio dissolvido. Os valores da produtividade primária líquida da comunidade fitoplanctônica na zona limnética variaram de 122 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (abril) a 2093 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (julho), enquanto que na zona litorânea, variaram entre 157 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (abril) a 861 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (fevereiro). A respiração na comunidade na zona limnética variou entre 18 a 376 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (fevereiro) e na zona litorânea, variou de 0 (abril) a 211 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (fevereiro). A menor produtividade primária, observada em abril, coincidiu com uma menor biomassa. Provavelmente, o fósforo foi o principal fator limitante da produtividade primária nos outros meses de estudos. A proliferação da S estrategista Microcystis spp em fevereiro, nas zonas limnética e litorânea e julho na zona limnética, foi associada à maior estabilidade da coluna d\'água desses períodos. Nas coletas de julho nas zonas litorâneas, abril e setembro, nas zonas limnética e litorânea, houve maior participação de espécies R e C estrategistas, como Rhodomonas lacustris, Auacoseira granulatagranulata, Chlamydomonas spp, Cryptomonas brasiliensis, Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa, Anabaena spiroides e Anabaena circinalis. / Temporal and spacial variations of phytoplankton primary production in Bariri Reservoir (22º06\'S and 48º45\'W, São Paulo State, Brazil) were evaluated by in situ observations in two different areas: one in the limnetic zone (M1) and other in the littoral zone (M2) in February, April, July and September 1998. The phytoplankton primary productivity was determined by the dissolved oxigen method. The values of net primary productivity of the phytoplankton community in M1 varied from 122 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (April) to 2093 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (July), and M2, varied from 157 (April) to 861 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February). The community respiration M1, varied from 18 (April) to 376 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February) and M2, varied from zero (April) to 211 mgO2.m-2.h-1 (February).The lowest primary productivity, obtained in April, coincided with the lowest biomass. Probably, phosphorus was the main limitation of the primary productivity on the others study months. The bloom of Microcystis spp (S strategist) in February M1 and M2 and July M1 was related to water column more stable in these periods. In July M1, April M1 and M2 and September M1 and M2, the R and C strategists predominated, such as Rhodomonas lacustri, Aulacoseira granulata granulata, Chlamydomonas spp, Cryptomonas brasiliensis, Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa, Anabaena spiroides and Anabaena circinalis.

Background: Coastal ecosystems in Mexico remain understudied in spite of their ecological, economic and conservation value and are being impacted by human activities along the coast. Knowledge on spatial patterns of plant species distribution that helps preserve these fragile ecosystems is crucial. Aims: We evaluated differences in species richness, species diversity and species dominance patterns in 16 plant communities as well as the degree to which differences were driven by climatic conditions in sandy dunes in Yucatán. We evaluated the importance of invasive species in mediating patterns of species diversity and species dominance patterns. Results: We found wide variation in plant species richness, species diversity and species dominance patterns among communities that stems from broad climatic differences along dune systems. Invasive plants represent almost one-third of total species richness and seem to be drastically changing the species dominance patterns in these communities. Conclusions: Regional climatic differences along the Yucatán north coast seems to be a major driver of plant diversity and species composition. Our findings suggest that invasive plants have successfully colonised and spread along the coast over the past 30 years. Even though invasive species do not alter spatial patterns of species diversity, they are becoming more dominant with potential detrimental consequences for native plants.

Changes to vegetation architecture within a natural habitat can have profound impacts upon ecological community function, but the relative influence of vegetation architecture itself and potential indirect influences of associated food resources are often difficult to disentangle. I present the results of a three-year study designed to address the community level impacts of changes in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) architecture and associated prey availability upon the ground-dwelling arthropod community. Three experimental sagebrush architecture treatments (low, intermediate, and high foliage density) and two levels of prey insect availability treatment (natural and baited/increased prey availability) were imposed in a sage-steppe ecosystem. The ground-dwelling spider (top predators) and insect (prey) response to all combinations of the six treatments were assessed through abundances in pitfall traps. Chapter 2 demonstrates that changes in a single shrub’s architecture did not markedly impact prey arthropod availability on the ground, though an overall increase in arthropod abundance was detected within baited shrubs. This indicates changes to vegetation architecture do not impact prey insect availability for ground-dwelling spiders. Thus, changes in shrub architecture and not the associated prey base directly alter the ground-dwelling spider community. Chapter 3 shows that architectural manipulation of a single sagebrush directly influences the ability of certain ground-dwelling spider guilds to persist beneath the shrub. Data within Chapters 2 and 3 support the conclusion that vegetation architecture directly affects ground-dwelling spider community structure and composition. Finally, Chapter 4 explores how the relative impacts of vegetation architecture and prey availability upon ecological communities can shift depending upon the spatial context in which the manipulations take place, given the differences in mobility of species within the grounddwelling spider and insect prey communities. Within this study, Diurnal and Nocturnal Wanderers responded to manipulations in prey availability at a larger spatial context (patches of 15 shrubs) while more stationary Trappers and Ambushers did not. Through simultaneous manipulation of vegetation architecture (Artemisia tridentata, big sagebrush) and associated insect prey base in different spatial contexts, this dissertation demonstrates that vegetation architecture directly affects ground-dwelling spider community organization at the species and guild levels of diversity. Shifts in spider (predator) functional diversity can ultimately impact arthropod decomposer and herbivore populations, influencing fundamental ecosystem processes such as decomposition and productivity.

La biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes sont des propriétés écologiques essentielles qui ont une incidence sur le bien-être humain. Des études sur la manière dont les deux biens sont affectés par les activités humaines et par le changement climatique fournissent les connaissances indispensables pour orienter la gestion des ressources naturelles. Les données de rétroobservation à long terme permettent de reconstituer l’histoire environnementale passée et offrent d’excellentes opportunités d’acquérir de telles connaissances. L'ADN sédimentaire est un outil émergent permettant de reconstituer la biodiversité passée détaillée au niveau du bassin versant, grâce à son excellente résolution taxonomique et à ses origines très localisées. Cependant, les études antérieures basées sur l'ADN sédimentaire utilisaient rarement le riche arsenal de méthodes d'analyse écologique numérique existantes, développées pour différents types de données écologiques. Dans la présente thèse, nous avons examiné les applications potentielles de telles méthodes sur des études basées sur l'ADN sédimentaire. Avec plusieurs exemples d’études, nous avons montré comment ces méthodes peuvent optimiser les connaissances acquises lors de l’analyse d’ensembles de données multiproxy comprenant des enregistrements sédimentaires d’ADN, de sédimentologie et climatiques. Malgré certaines limitations, l’analyse numérique basée sur l’ADN sédimentaire combinée aux enregistrements de proxies traditionnels est un outil puissant pour démêler les interactions complexes écosystémiques. Les futurs progrès méthodologiques dans l'analyse de l'ADN et les méthodes numériques sont prometteurs pour fournir une compréhension inestimable sur les facteurs de changement de la biodiversité et du fonctionnement des écosystèmes à grande échelle spatiale et temporelle. / Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are crucial ecological properties that impact human welfare. Studies on how both properties are affected by human activities and by climate change provide indispensable knowledge to guide natural resource management. Long-term retro-observational data allow to reconstruct past environmental history and offer excellent opportunities to gain such knowledge. Sedimentary DNA is an emerging tool to reconstruct detailed past biodiversity in catchment level, thanks to its excellent taxonomic resolution and highly localized origins. However, previous studies based on sedimentary DNA rarely utilized the existing rich arsenal of numerical ecological analysis methods, which are developed for various types of ecological data. In the present thesis we reviewed the potential applications of such methods on sedimentary-DNA-based studies. With several example studies, we showed how these methods can maximize the knowledge gained from the analysis of multiproxy datasets that included sedimentary-DNA-, sedimentological- and climate records. Despite some limitations, numerical analysis based on sedimentary DNA combined with traditional proxy records is a powerful tool to unravel complex ecosystemic interactions. Future methodological advancements in both DNA analysis and numerical methods are promising to provide invaluable understanding over the drivers of changes in biodiversity and in ecosystem functioning across large spatial and temporal scales.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第20636号 / 農博第2243号 / 新制||農||1053(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5080(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 田中 千尋, 教授 松浦 健二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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