This thesis examines the claims of Jeffrey Timm and James Buchanan that the field of Comparative Philosophy is moving in a postmodern direction. I examine their conception of the postmodern and compare to both the most influential views of postmodernism and with my own understanding of postmodernism. To evaluate their claims I examine the journal Philosophy East and West, which I argue is representative of the field of Comparative Philosophy. I analyze the works of the editors of the journal and also do a statistical analysis of the journal to determine whether the field is becoming more postmodern. I conclude that Timm and Buchanan may be correct.

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This thesis compares the ways in which the nationalisation process impacted the research practices of academics from two universities, the University of Rio Grande do Sul and the University of Parana. Systematic comparisons of both institutions located in the South of Brazil has shown that the differences between them were, indeed, significant during pre-nationalisation years. In Brazilian terms, they are ‘close’ together since only seven hundred kilometres separate them. However, the necessity for regionalised studies on the development of academic science is demonstrated in this thesis through a focus on specific faculties that achieved remarkably different research results, despite their geographical proximity. The comparative analysis carried out in this thesis reveals that significant differences existed, such as institutional arrangements, disciplinary boundaries and networks, despite the fact that they were often found under similar academic arrangements. The nationalisation project carried out in 1950 did not alter these differences overnight, but introduced a new element in both settings that would shape their scientific capabilities to this day. Substantial new evidence presented here indicates that in the early 1950s President Dutra, perhaps inadvertently, forced research-minded academics in both universities to consider the possibility of adapting their research projects to their nationalised institutions. Because of the chain of events enabled by this initiative, in later years, these universities became some of the most prominent institutional settings for scientific research in Brazil. A comparative study of the differences and similarities between ongoing practices in these academic settings at the moment of nationalisation indicates that nationalisation did not occur in an historical vacuum; rather, it enhanced and legitimised deeply rooted academic traditions that came to shape local research cultures over the following decades. When this context is explored it becomes clear that an understanding of nationalisation actually lends greater coherence to traditional chronologies of Brazilian academic science.

Esta tese analisa as relações dos comunistas brasileiros e chilenos com a literatura após a adoção do frentismo como diretriz do movimento comunista internacional, entre 1935 e 1948. Suplementos culturais de jornais partidários e revistas literárias ligadas ao Partido Comunista do Brasil e ao Partido Comunista do Chile foram tomadas como fontes de pesquisa. Identificamos propostas, projetos e colaboradores desses periódicos, cujas formulações demonstraram a preponderância do romance e da poesia como áreas que despertaram maior empenho de intervenção político-ideológica. O fundo antifascista da estratégia frentista contribuiu para a aproximação de expoentes culturais aos partidos comunistas e fez da imprensa partidária um espaço profícuo para a circulação de propostas literárias. Foi nesse período que Pablo Neruda se aproximou do Partido Comunista do Chile e que Jorge Amado promoveu os romances sociais brasileiros na América Latina. A maneira como as concepções literárias difundidas na imprensa partidária estabeleceram relações com uma perspectiva política comum, o frentismo, permitiu o estabelecimento de comparações e conexões políticas e culturais entre os comunistas do Brasil e do Chile. / This thesis analyzes the links between literature and Brazilian and Chilean communists following the adoption of the popular front as a guiding principle of the international communist movement between 1935 and 1948. Cultural supplements of party newspapers and literary magazines linked to the Brazilian Communist Party and the Chilean Communist Party were used as sources for the research. We identified the proposals, projects, and contributors of those periodicals whose formulations demonstrated the preponderance of novels and poetry as the areas that evoked the greatest degree of political and ideological intervention. The antifascist basis of the popular front strategy contributed to an approximation of cultural exponents and the communist parties and made the party press into a productive space for the circulation of literary proposals. It was during this period that Pablo Neruda drew closer to the Chilean Communist Party and Jorge Amado fostered Brazilian social novels in Latin America. The way in which the literary concepts publicized in the party press were linked with a common political perspective, the popular front, allowed for making comparisons and political and cultural connections between the Brazilian and Chilean communist parties.

Cette enquête s’est proposée de mettre en lumière l’émergence de la fonction de critique interne du champ intellectuel dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle à travers la confrontation de trois cas principaux à Paris, Londres et Vienne, en tentant de dégager des homologies et des logiques de structuration transnationales. La mise en relation de Julien Benda (1867-1956), Karl Kraus (1874-1936) et Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) s’appuie principalement sur leur appartenance à une même génération et sur leur fonction commune de critique interne du champ intellectuel. Celle-ci désigne l’intellectuel positionné en tant que critique de son propre milieu, au nom de valeurs intellectuelles. La première partie de ce travail étudie l’émergence d’une instance critique, à travers l’étude des années de formation de Benda, Kraus et Chesterton, et de leur participation à la culture de masse. La deuxième partie entreprend de dégager les caractéristiques principales de la critique interne du champ intellectuel, entre stratégies iconoclastes et stratégies d’ajustement. La troisième partie porte sur les réceptions, les voisinages et les héritages de ces trois critiques du champ intellectuel, dans les aires culturelles anglo-saxonne, germanique et française. L’étude des médiateurs et des récepteurs impliqués dans les transferts culturels révèle ainsi à la fois l’intégration des différents champs intellectuels nationaux à l’échelle de l’Europe et le poids déterminant des problématiques nationales dans les usages qui sont faits des œuvres importées. / This study deals with the birth of the internal critic of the intellectual field, in the first decades of the XXth century, through the confrontation of three major « cases » in Paris, London and Vienna and the identification of homologies and transnational logics of structuration. Our intent to establish links between Julien Benda (1867-1956), Karl Kraus (1874-1936) and Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) relies mainly on the fact that they belong to the same generation of intellectuals and have devoted part of their work to internal critic of the intellectual field in their respective countries. The expression "internal critic" refers to the intellectual as a critic of his own social microcosm, taking a stance in the defence of intellectual values. The first part of this PhD focuses on the growth of a critical authority, through the study of the authors' formative years and their action within mass culture. The second part highlights the main distinctive features of the internal critic of the intellectual field, from iconoclastic to adaptative strategies. The third part focuses on the reception of the three authors' work by their contemporaries and thereafter on their legacy in English, German and French-speaking areas. Mediators and receivers involved in cultural transfers reveal the European integration of the various national fields as well as the importance of national issues in the uses that are made of imported works.

This dissertation explores the correlation between British colonial experiences in Ireland and India c. 1650 - 1800. While the traditional characterisation of Ireland as a settlement colony and India as primarily a mercantile colony would suggest diverse imperial encounters, a comparative analysis of the two shows significant similarities. Temporal and/or geographical distances notwithstanding, the study's thematic approach reveals recurring patterns regarding the relationships between colonisers and the colonised. The six chapters of this dissertation explore different elements of empire, concluding that comparable socio-political and agrarian principles were consistently implemented in both colonies. The first chapter explores history writing as a tool of historical appropriation and indigenous reconfiguration. The second looks at escalating legal responses to colonial violence and colonial jurisdiction's role in defining social norms; the third considers the evolving forms of punishment dealt to 'deviant' colonial subjects. The fourth chapter looks at similar processes of agrarian reconfiguration that revealed broader imperial attitudes towards landownership and the fifth one elaborates on the use of visual representations of empire as propaganda tools to shape public opinion. In the final chapter, selected experiences of the Irish in India illustrate examples of colonial subjects' collaboration in imperial expansion. By adopting a more heuristic and thematic approach to colonial experiences, this study adds to the growing literature that necessarily complicates the distinctions between metropole and periphery. It challenges the use of single points of reference which have routinely privileged the accounts and experiences of Britons in the scholarly analysis of cross-cultural and imperial interactions. Blending early modern and nineteenth-century experiences with regional and global history, the chapters address the history of emotions, law, material culture, economy, and politics to argue that processes of influence and transformation were indicative of a more layered and evolutionary development in response to colonial challenges. Such experimental approaches provide a more sustained understanding of the processes of continuity and change in Britain's imperial evolution.

Anglais: Through a comparative examination of Montreal and Brussels, this thesis considers the way city dwellers shaped the social and cultural significance of urban space in terms of sensorial experiences and bodily practices. The analysis is based primarily on qualitative sources relating to urban life and to the relationship with the city environment during the period 1880-1914, a time when cities underwent intense transformations associated with modernity and industrialisation. The discourses and representations examined in this study were produced by a wide range of urban actors, including elected officials and municipal bureaucrats, industrialists, urban reformers, factory and housing inspectors, workers, doctors, hygienists, writers, artists and ordinary citizens. This was a period in which the city was increasingly conceptualised as a total, organic object. Consequently, the thesis first examines representations, both critical and celebratory, of these cities in their entirety, showing how the discourse about urban space was constructed through experiences with, and perceptions of, its materiality. The subsequent chapters examine, in turn, spaces of industrial production, homes and the streets. In each of these spaces, representations of these changing environments were produced in marked reference to the body and the senses. In a time marked by the rise of scientific and rational thought, the sources consulted demonstrate the centrality of personal and subjective experiences in the construction of understandings of the city. Analysing these specific milieus also affords the opportunity to consider the cultural significance of the body, as well as its place in the social tensions that characterised the period. The comparative approach through which these cities are analysed illuminates the development of similar processes in analogous, yet discrete, contexts. In this way, certain specificities of Brussels and Montreal, as well the commonalities they shared, are brought to light. The principal objective of this bipartite perspective, however, is to demonstrate, in reference to two local examples, how urban dwellers interiorised vast processes of global transformation by means of their bodies, the spaces through which they moved on a daily basis, as well as their immediate socio-cultural context. ********* Français: Se penchant sur les cas de Montréal et de Bruxelles en comparaison, cette thèse examine la façon dont, à travers la perception sensorielle et les pratiques corporelles des citadins, la signification sociale et culturelle de l’espace urbain se construit. L’analyse se base principalement sur des sources discursives témoignant de la vie urbaine et du rapport à l’espace d’une multitude d’acteurs durant la période 1880-1914, traversée par d’intenses transformations liées à la modernité et à l’industrialisation. Les discours émanant des élus et des fonctionnaires municipaux, des industriels, des réformateurs urbains, des inspecteurs d’usines et de logements, des ouvriers, des médecins, des hygiénistes, des écrivains, des artistes et de simples citoyens ont été consultés. S’agissant d’une époque où la ville est de plus en plus conceptualisée dans sa totalité, la thèse aborde, dans un premier temps, les discours, à la fois critiques et élogieux, concernant la ville industrielle dans son ensemble, en montrant comment ceux-ci sont construits par rapport à l’expérience et aux perceptions de la matérialité urbaine. Puis, dans les chapitres subséquents, les lieux de production industrielle, le logement et les rues sont examinés successivement. Dans chacun de ces types d’espace, les discours faisant état de l’intensification des transformations à l’environnement se déclinent, de façon prononcée, en référence au corps et aux sens. Ils témoignent de la place prépondérante des expériences personnelles et subjectives dans la construction du rapport à l’espace urbain, et ce à une époque marquée par la montée de la pensée scientifique et rationnelle. L’analyse de ces milieux permet aussi de mettre en relief la façon dont se construit la signification culturelle du corps, ainsi que la place de celui-ci dans l’évolution des tensions sociales caractéristiques de l’époque. À travers une approche comparative, l’étude de ces deux villes permet d’examiner l’évolution de processus similaires dans deux contextes analogues, mais distincts. Ainsi est-il possible de déceler certaines spécificités de Bruxelles et de Montréal, de même que des traits communs aux deux villes. Cependant, l’apport principal de cette perspective croisée est de montrer, à la lumière de deux exemples locaux, la manière dont les citadins intériorisent de vastes processus globaux de transformation par le biais de leur corps, des espaces qu’ils fréquentent quotidiennement, et de leur contexte socioculturel immédiat.

Esta tese analisa as relações dos comunistas brasileiros e chilenos com a literatura após a adoção do frentismo como diretriz do movimento comunista internacional, entre 1935 e 1948. Suplementos culturais de jornais partidários e revistas literárias ligadas ao Partido Comunista do Brasil e ao Partido Comunista do Chile foram tomadas como fontes de pesquisa. Identificamos propostas, projetos e colaboradores desses periódicos, cujas formulações demonstraram a preponderância do romance e da poesia como áreas que despertaram maior empenho de intervenção político-ideológica. O fundo antifascista da estratégia frentista contribuiu para a aproximação de expoentes culturais aos partidos comunistas e fez da imprensa partidária um espaço profícuo para a circulação de propostas literárias. Foi nesse período que Pablo Neruda se aproximou do Partido Comunista do Chile e que Jorge Amado promoveu os romances sociais brasileiros na América Latina. A maneira como as concepções literárias difundidas na imprensa partidária estabeleceram relações com uma perspectiva política comum, o frentismo, permitiu o estabelecimento de comparações e conexões políticas e culturais entre os comunistas do Brasil e do Chile. / This thesis analyzes the links between literature and Brazilian and Chilean communists following the adoption of the popular front as a guiding principle of the international communist movement between 1935 and 1948. Cultural supplements of party newspapers and literary magazines linked to the Brazilian Communist Party and the Chilean Communist Party were used as sources for the research. We identified the proposals, projects, and contributors of those periodicals whose formulations demonstrated the preponderance of novels and poetry as the areas that evoked the greatest degree of political and ideological intervention. The antifascist basis of the popular front strategy contributed to an approximation of cultural exponents and the communist parties and made the party press into a productive space for the circulation of literary proposals. It was during this period that Pablo Neruda drew closer to the Chilean Communist Party and Jorge Amado fostered Brazilian social novels in Latin America. The way in which the literary concepts publicized in the party press were linked with a common political perspective, the popular front, allowed for making comparisons and political and cultural connections between the Brazilian and Chilean communist parties.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T15:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianeambrosiocosta.pdf: 734174 bytes, checksum: 22ce1acc06b5bfd3d6d42c5ab4dfd730 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:49:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianeambrosiocosta.pdf: 734174 bytes, checksum: 22ce1acc06b5bfd3d6d42c5ab4dfd730 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianeambrosiocosta.pdf: 734174 bytes, checksum: 22ce1acc06b5bfd3d6d42c5ab4dfd730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação estabelece um diálogo entre as ideias do historiador norte-americano Richard Morse (1922-2001) e do sociólogo brasileiro Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987), analisando a influência recebida por Morse do pensador pernambucano em sua formação acadêmica, tanto nos Estados Unidos quanto no Brasil. Utiliza como fontes principais textos acadêmicos publicados por Morse enquanto estudante de pós-graduação e textos de Freyre publicados no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Para tal, o contexto das produções também é mostrado como forma de, localizar temporal e espacialmente suas interpretações. Considerando as propostas metodológicas da História Comparada – que consistem em examinar sistematicamente duas realidades (no caso deste trabalho, duas formas de pensar), assinalando não apenas as semelhanças, mas também, as diferenças de pensamento – o trabalho analisa de que forma o norte-americano se apropriou de ideias difundidas pelo brasileiro, e as apropriou em seus escritos de juventude utilizando-se de temáticas e métodos semelhantes. / This essay establishes a dialogue between the ideias of the north American historian Richard Morse (1922-2001) and the Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre (1900 – 1987), analyzing the influence received by Morse from the Brazilian scholar in his academic studies, both in the United States and Brazil. Used as primary sources for scholarly text published Morse while graduate student, texts that Freyre published in Brazil and in the United States. For this , the context of production is also shown as a way to locate temporally and spatially their interpretations. Considering the methodological proposals of Comparative History - consisting of systematically examine two realities ( in the case of this work , two ways of thinking ) , indicating not only the similarities but also the differences of thought - the work examines how the north American appropriated ideas spread by the Brazilian , and appropriated in his early writings using thematic and similar methods .

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