Abstract After the financial tsunami in 2008, the global economy slowly revives. Taiwan's department store retail industry is flourishing. There is one common feature from observing the location of these new department stores. They have all chosen to locate inside or next to the train station, high-speed railway stations, subway stations and other passenger transportation stations. Department stores in Taiwan formally entered another era. The research shows to discuss the development and definition of terminal department stores from the history of Japan¡¦s department stores. By using quality research, the managers of SKM and GMALL reply to understand what the 7 competitions indexes of terminal department stores. 1.Based on this perspective, the study examines the seven competitions indexes of terminal department stores: 1. Site conditions and the business district: the crowd from transportation is the advantage for terminal department stores, moreover, the booming of the business district will benefit terminal department stores. 2. Commercial space and transfer stations: terminal department stores collocate the commercial space and transfer stations. 3. Product constitution and recruit firm: the major selling points of terminal department stores are famous restaurant, take-out food and instant food of convenient stores that will congregate the consumers to increase their time for shopping in other floor. 4. Service: terminal department stores add more service for customer e.g. passenger luggage storage, wireless Internet for business travelers, foreign currency exchange and delivery of goods. 5. Marketing planning ability: marketing can use not only advertisement and promotion in station, but the DM of members and online community website. 6. Finance: terminal department stores establish one or two years that are lack of overall revenue performance. 7. Overall environment and strategy: combination complementary measures and marketing abroad will add up stores¡¦ image and promotion.

A pesquisa integra o debate sobre política pública e competitividade de destinos turísticos, tendo como objeto o índice de competitividade turística (ICT) adotado pelo Ministério do Turismo (MTur), fruto da parceria com a Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) e o SEBRAE Nacional, a partir da definição dos 65 destinos indutores do desenvolvimento turístico. Tem como objetivo geral analisar o ICT no contexto da política nacional de turismo. Para tanto, apresenta como objetivos específicos: traçar a trajetória da política ligada aos destinos indutores e ao ICT no MTur; analisar a metodologia do ICT sob a luz de modelos internacionais de competitividade turística e verificar a influência do ICT na definição de políticas públicas municipais nos destinos indutores, bem como a visão dos gestores sobre a política nacional. O percurso metodológico envolveu uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas abertas junto a cinco atores institucionais do MTur, do SEBRAE Nacional da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) que ocupavam, na ocasião do surgimento do ICT, uma posição de liderança na implementação da política nacional e na criação da metodologia. Aplicou-se ainda um de questionário online com perguntas fechadas e abertas junto a 33 gestores (ou ex-gestores) de turismo dos destinos indutores que participaram do ICT, ainda que não ocupem tal função atualmente. A discussão aponta que a política dos destinos indutores e do ICT surge a partir da necessidade de aumentar a competitividade dos destinos brasileiros e do reconhecimento de que políticas públicas podem influenciar a competitividade. A seleção dos 65 destinos indutores e a criação do ICT demonstra a preocupação do MTur em oferecer uma ferramenta que norteasse ações e políticas para desenvolvimento dos destinos e em definir um recorte prioritário para investimentos. Acredita-se, porém, que os resultados foram pontuais, principalmente em função da mudança de estratégia do MTur frente ao ICT e aos destinos indutores, assim como da interrupção da política sem efetivo direcionamento de investimentos. Verificou-se que a metodologia do ICT apresenta algumas semelhanças com os modelos internacionais analisados, apesar de não haver consenso sobre os determinantes da competitividade. Por fim, acredita-se que os modelos de competitividade turística devem se preocupar primeiramente em separar os elementos que seriam suas causas e suas consequências e, a partir daí, determinar as formas de mensurar ambos. Avaliar ao longo do tempo a relação entre causa e efeito parece ser um caminho interessante a ser explorado. A presente proposta de pesquisa não pretende encerrar discussões acerca da competitividade turística e do índice adotado pelo MTur no contexto da política nacional e sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre a temática / This research composes the debate on public policy and competitiveness of tourist destinations and has as its object the tourism competitiveness index (ICT) used by the Ministry of Tourism (MTur) as a result of the partnership with the Fundação Getulio Vargas and SEBRAE, defining 65 inductor tourist destinations for tourism development. It has the main propose of analyzing the ICT in the scope of national tourism public policy. To do so, it has as specific objectives: to delineate the policy path linked to the key destinations and the ICT at the MTur; to analyze the ICT methodology under the light of destination competitiveness international models and to verify the influence of the ICT in the definition of local public policies in the inductor destinations, as well as the managers view on the national policy. The methodological path involved a wide bibliographical and documentary research and the conduction of open interviews with five institutional stakeholders of the MTur, SEBRAE and FGV who held a leadership position by the emergence of ICT. An online questionnaire with open and closed questions was also applied to 33 managers (or formers managers) of tourism of the inductor destinations that had participated in the ICT, even though they do not occupy this position currently. The discussion points out that the inductor destinations policy and the ICT arise from the need to increase the competitiveness of Brazilian destinations and from the recognition that public policies can influence competitiveness. The selection of 65 key destinations and the creation of the ICT demonstrate the concern of the MTur in offering a tool to guide actions and policies for the development of destinations and to define a priority area for investments. However, it is believed that the results were punctual, mainly due to the change of strategy of MTur against the ICT and key destinations, as well as the interruption of the policy without effective direction of investments. It was verified that the ICT methodology presents some similarities with the international models analyzed, although there is no consensus on the determinants of competitiveness. Finally, it is believed that the models of tourist competitiveness should first be concerned with separating the elements that would be their causes and their consequences and, from there, determining the ways of measuring both. Assessing the relationship between cause and effect over time seems to be an interesting path to be explored. This researchs proposal does not intend to end discussions about the tourism competitiveness and the index adopted by the MTur in the context of the national policy, but to contribute to the reflection on the theme

<p>Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a global trend in different countries with diverse policy, culture, and CSR perspective and development level. Thus, we want to analysis CSR in different business environments and find out the gap they have. That is the original idea of our research.</p><p>This research mainly locates in Sweden and China, by comparing the temporal CSR development in a Swedish and a Chinese company—Sandvik and State Grid Corporation of China, the former as the advanced pioneer, and the latter as the dynamic learner, to gain an insight of the adaptability and feasibility of CSR in different business environments and countries.</p><p>The thesis is based on case study and interview, and literature review. The method content analysis is applied when processing the data into figures. Besides, the 3C-SR model and Responsible Competitiveness Index (RCI) are adopted as the analysis model.</p><p>The findings show that CSR is adaptable and feasible in whatever countries and business environments. Also, its core value and regulate guidelines are not changed, but the focal point in each stage of implementation will vary. In fact, CSR is not the ultimate goal, it’s a formula for transforming Responsible Competitiveness to a soft competence, lending the company to achieve sustainability. After the study, some recommendations and further study questions are given.</p>

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a global trend in different countries with diverse policy, culture, and CSR perspective and development level. Thus, we want to analysis CSR in different business environments and find out the gap they have. That is the original idea of our research. This research mainly locates in Sweden and China, by comparing the temporal CSR development in a Swedish and a Chinese company—Sandvik and State Grid Corporation of China, the former as the advanced pioneer, and the latter as the dynamic learner, to gain an insight of the adaptability and feasibility of CSR in different business environments and countries. The thesis is based on case study and interview, and literature review. The method content analysis is applied when processing the data into figures. Besides, the 3C-SR model and Responsible Competitiveness Index (RCI) are adopted as the analysis model. The findings show that CSR is adaptable and feasible in whatever countries and business environments. Also, its core value and regulate guidelines are not changed, but the focal point in each stage of implementation will vary. In fact, CSR is not the ultimate goal, it’s a formula for transforming Responsible Competitiveness to a soft competence, lending the company to achieve sustainability. After the study, some recommendations and further study questions are given.

A pesquisa integra o debate sobre política pública e competitividade de destinos turísticos, tendo como objeto o índice de competitividade turística (ICT) adotado pelo Ministério do Turismo (MTur), fruto da parceria com a Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) e o SEBRAE Nacional, a partir da definição dos 65 destinos indutores do desenvolvimento turístico. Tem como objetivo geral analisar o ICT no contexto da política nacional de turismo. Para tanto, apresenta como objetivos específicos: traçar a trajetória da política ligada aos destinos indutores e ao ICT no MTur; analisar a metodologia do ICT sob a luz de modelos internacionais de competitividade turística e verificar a influência do ICT na definição de políticas públicas municipais nos destinos indutores, bem como a visão dos gestores sobre a política nacional. O percurso metodológico envolveu uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas abertas junto a cinco atores institucionais do MTur, do SEBRAE Nacional da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) que ocupavam, na ocasião do surgimento do ICT, uma posição de liderança na implementação da política nacional e na criação da metodologia. Aplicou-se ainda um de questionário online com perguntas fechadas e abertas junto a 33 gestores (ou ex-gestores) de turismo dos destinos indutores que participaram do ICT, ainda que não ocupem tal função atualmente. A discussão aponta que a política dos destinos indutores e do ICT surge a partir da necessidade de aumentar a competitividade dos destinos brasileiros e do reconhecimento de que políticas públicas podem influenciar a competitividade. A seleção dos 65 destinos indutores e a criação do ICT demonstra a preocupação do MTur em oferecer uma ferramenta que norteasse ações e políticas para desenvolvimento dos destinos e em definir um recorte prioritário para investimentos. Acredita-se, porém, que os resultados foram pontuais, principalmente em função da mudança de estratégia do MTur frente ao ICT e aos destinos indutores, assim como da interrupção da política sem efetivo direcionamento de investimentos. Verificou-se que a metodologia do ICT apresenta algumas semelhanças com os modelos internacionais analisados, apesar de não haver consenso sobre os determinantes da competitividade. Por fim, acredita-se que os modelos de competitividade turística devem se preocupar primeiramente em separar os elementos que seriam suas causas e suas consequências e, a partir daí, determinar as formas de mensurar ambos. Avaliar ao longo do tempo a relação entre causa e efeito parece ser um caminho interessante a ser explorado. A presente proposta de pesquisa não pretende encerrar discussões acerca da competitividade turística e do índice adotado pelo MTur no contexto da política nacional e sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre a temática / This research composes the debate on public policy and competitiveness of tourist destinations and has as its object the tourism competitiveness index (ICT) used by the Ministry of Tourism (MTur) as a result of the partnership with the Fundação Getulio Vargas and SEBRAE, defining 65 inductor tourist destinations for tourism development. It has the main propose of analyzing the ICT in the scope of national tourism public policy. To do so, it has as specific objectives: to delineate the policy path linked to the key destinations and the ICT at the MTur; to analyze the ICT methodology under the light of destination competitiveness international models and to verify the influence of the ICT in the definition of local public policies in the inductor destinations, as well as the managers view on the national policy. The methodological path involved a wide bibliographical and documentary research and the conduction of open interviews with five institutional stakeholders of the MTur, SEBRAE and FGV who held a leadership position by the emergence of ICT. An online questionnaire with open and closed questions was also applied to 33 managers (or formers managers) of tourism of the inductor destinations that had participated in the ICT, even though they do not occupy this position currently. The discussion points out that the inductor destinations policy and the ICT arise from the need to increase the competitiveness of Brazilian destinations and from the recognition that public policies can influence competitiveness. The selection of 65 key destinations and the creation of the ICT demonstrate the concern of the MTur in offering a tool to guide actions and policies for the development of destinations and to define a priority area for investments. However, it is believed that the results were punctual, mainly due to the change of strategy of MTur against the ICT and key destinations, as well as the interruption of the policy without effective direction of investments. It was verified that the ICT methodology presents some similarities with the international models analyzed, although there is no consensus on the determinants of competitiveness. Finally, it is believed that the models of tourist competitiveness should first be concerned with separating the elements that would be their causes and their consequences and, from there, determining the ways of measuring both. Assessing the relationship between cause and effect over time seems to be an interesting path to be explored. This researchs proposal does not intend to end discussions about the tourism competitiveness and the index adopted by the MTur in the context of the national policy, but to contribute to the reflection on the theme

The thesis deals with the analysis of competitiveness of the Visegrad Group. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the competitiveness of the Visegrad countries - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The countries will be examined in today's competitive environment within the Visegrad Group and the European Union. The analyze is based on data available from public sources and statistics. The work is divided into three chapters. The first part is devoted to the theoretical definition of competitiveness and methods of how to measure the competitiveness of the state. The second chapter introduces Visegrad Group and its common characteristics. The another part of the work is focused on the macroeconomic indicators - inflation, government debt and GDP per capita. The foreign trade and territorial and commodity structure of exports in the last ten years are also examined in this part. In the third chapter there is an analysis of the competitiveness based on investigation of labor productivity, labor costs, expenditures on research and development and tertiary education. In conclusion there is an evaluation of competitiveness of Visegrad Group based on the Global Competitiveness Index in 2011-2012.

The main contribution of this work is to evaluate the competitive position of the Czech Republic within the Visegrad countries and its weaknesses and threats related to the international competitiveness, or competitiveness in the Central European region.

Au cours de ces dernières décennies, le concept de la compétitivité s'est établi comme un mot-clé important dans la vie sociale, à l’échelle micro-économique et surtout macro-économique. Au regard d’une mondialisation grandissante et de l'expansion des marchés mondiaux, la compétitivité peut quelque fois se limiter à l’aspect purement économique et commercial. Alors que l’examen des différents défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui préoccupent de nos jours l’humanité conduit à reconsidérer les modèles d’évaluation de la croissance économique adoptée, à reconnaitre leurs limites et à apporter un jugement critique sur l’évaluation de la compétitivité. Ce travail se propose donc d’explorer quelques possibilités de l’intégration contemporaine de principes « éthiques » dans le concept de la compétitivité macroéconomique. Prenant en compte la dynamique du concept de la compétitivité, la thèse analyse l’histoire et l’évolution de cette notion. L’analyse engage alors une approche théorique, ensuite une étude comparée des différents indices d’évaluation de la compétitivité. L’objectif est d’examiner comment des principes éthiques peuvent être intégrés pour la mesure et l’évaluation de la compétitivité des pays, c’est-à-dire comment elle pourrait être évaluée au-delà du PIB et des résultats commerciaux et comment elle rejoint également la préoccupation pour les inégalités, la pauvreté, le changement climatique dans des domaines aussi différents que la santé, l’éducation, l’eau et l’agriculture …Les objectifs de la Charia (Maqasid Charia) constituent une assise convenable pour construire un nouvel indice de compétitivité éthique, permettant ainsi la contribution de différents pays, même non musulmans, à chacun des objectifs de la Charia. / Throughout the past decades, competitiveness was established as an important concept in social life, at micro and especially macro levels. With globalization and the expansion of global markets, competitiveness can sometimes be limited to purely economic and commercial dimensions. While examining various current economic, social and environmental challenges that affect today’s economy and humanity, the thesis reconsiders the economic growth assessment models adopted, to recognize their limits and put forward critical judgment on the assessment of competitiveness. This study develops, therefore, an exploration of some possibilities of contemporary integration of "ethical" principles into the concept of macroeconomic competitiveness.Taking into account the dynamics of the concept of competitiveness, the thesis analyzes the history and evolution of this concept. The analysis puts forward a theoretical approach, followed by a comparative study of different indices for assessing competitiveness. The aim is to examine how ethical principles are integrated to measure countries' competitiveness. That is, how competitiveness could be evaluated beyond the GDP and trade outcomes and that it also incorporates the measures of inequality, poverty, climate change, health, education, water, agriculture etc. The objectives of Shariah (Maqasid al Shariah) present a suitable foundation to build a new ethical competitiveness index that measures countries’ contribution to the objectives of the Shariah.