Τα μονωτικά υλικά αποτελούν συνήθη πρακτική στο σχεδιασμό μονωτικών διατάξεων για εξοπλισμό Υψηλής Τάσης. Χαρακτηριστική περίπτωση αποτελεί η μόνωση των τυλιγμάτων Μετασχηματιστών Υψηλής Τάσης, όπου γίνεται συνδυαστική χρήση ενός κύριου μονωτικού μέσου (υγρής φύσης μονωτικό έλαιο) και δευτερευόντων (συνθετικά λεπτά φύλλα στερεής φύσεως που καλύπτουν τα τυλίγματα). Σε τέτοιου τύπου περιπτώσεις, όπου το ένα μονωτικό μέσο κυριαρχεί, οι διεπιφάνειες παίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο, καθώς λόγω της εκεί συσσώρευσης φορέων φορτίου και άλλων ανομοιογενειών αλλάζει τη διηλεκτρική συμπεριφορά της συνδυαστική μόνωσης, με τρόπο όχι ως σήμερα εξακριβωμένο. Στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι η διερεύνηση των επιδράσεων της εισαγωγής συνθετικού μονωτικού διαφράγματος εντός διακένου που μονώνεται από ειδικό λάδι και καταπονείται υπό γραμμικά αυξανόμενη AC τάση. Για τον λόγο αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκε η συσκευή BAUR Oil Tester DTA 822-129-1, κομμάτι του ηλεκτρομηχανολογικού εξοπλισμού του εργαστηρίου Υψηλών Τάσεων. Επίσης η παραγωγή γραμμικά αυξανόμενης (με σταθερό ρυθμό 2 kVrms/s) AC τάσης, καθώς και η μέτρηση της τάσης διάσπασης έγιναν από τη συσκευή αυτή. Η ίδια πειραματική διαδικασία ακολουθήθηκε για συνδυασμούς ενός λαδιού ανοιχτού χρώματος με 2 διαφράγματα ιδίου τύπου από 3 διαφορετικούς τύπους (κατά δομή ή κατά πάχος ή και τα δύο) διαφραγμάτων – ήτοι συνθετικό χαρτί NOMEX 0.15mm & 0.25mm , και HYPERTHERM 0.37mm ενώ ΝΟΜΕΧ 0.15 mm δοκιμάστηκε σε συνδυασμό με ένα δεύτερο λάδι σκούρου χρώματος. Για λόγους δυνατότητας σύγκρισης δοκιμάστηκε το λάδι σκούρου χρώματος μόνο του (χωρίς διαφράγματα) και με ένα διάφραγμα. Τα αποτελέσματα και η διαγραμματική τους απεικόνιση με τις απαραίτητες παρατηρήσεις, δίνονται στην παρούσα εργασία και βασιζόμενοι σε αυτά δώσαμε και ανάλογα συμπεράσματα. Έτσι προέκυψε πως η συνδυαστική χρήση μονωτικού ελαίου και συνθετικών διαφραγμάτων μπορεί να επηρεάσει περισσότερων του ενός διηλεκτρικών μεγεθών. Η διηλεκτρική αντοχή, προσδιοριζόμενη από τη μέση τιμή της τάσης διάσπασης των δοκιμίων, παρουσιάζει σημαντικές μεταβολές. Τα διαφράγματα από χαρτί NOMEΧ παρουσιάζουν μια σχετικά σταθερή συμπεριφορά ενώ το HYPERTHERM επιδεικνύει πτωτική τάση της διηλεκτρικής του αντοχής. Το σκέτο λάδι εμφανίζει μέση τιμή διηλεκτρικής αντοχής χαμηλότερη και πιο σταθερή. Λιγότερο αναμενόμενη, ήταν η προκύπτουσα μείωση του σχετικού σφάλματος της συνδυαστικής μονωτικής διάταξης, μέγεθος που χαρακτηρίζει το στοχαστικό χαρακτήρα του συστήματος. Καλύτερα συνεργαζόμενα με το μονωτικό λάδι απεδείχθησαν τα διαφράγματα χαρτιού NOMEX 0.15 / Insulating materials are common in the design provisions for insulating high-voltage equipment. An example is the insulation of windings Transformer High Voltage, which is combined using a principal material of isolation (insulating oil liquid nature) and secondary (synthetic foil solid nature covering the windings). In this case where a material of isolation dominates, the surfaces has a special role, there due to accumulation of electrical load and other entities heterogeneity changes the dielectric behavior of the combination of insulation, so far as not verified. The objective of this diplomatic mission is to investigate the effects of the introduction of synthetic aperture in the insulating gap of special insulated from oil-stressed and under linearly increasing AC voltage. For this reason, we used the device BAUR Oil Tester DTA 822-129-1, part of the electromechanical equipment of the High Voltage Laboratory. Also, the production increased linearly (with constant rate of 2 kVrms / s) AC voltage and measuring the voltage division performed by the device. The same experimental procedure was followed for a combination of oil (type light color) with 2 paper with same type of 3 different types (in structure or thickness or both) bulkhead – i.e. synthetic paper NOMEX 0.15mm & 0.20mm, and HYPERTHERM 0.37mm -. The same bellows tested in combination with half oil dark color. For reasons of comparability tested oil dark color only (without paper) and with only one paper . The results and their diagrammatic representation with the necessary comments are given in this work and based on them and we have similar conclusion. This showed that the combined use of insulating oil and synthetic aperture can affect more than one dielectric sizes. The dielectric strength, determined by the mean breakdown voltage of essays, introduced important changes..ΝΟΜΕΧ shows less stability than HYPERTHERM and give more stable and lower dielectric strength. Less expected, but perhaps more important, was the resulting reduction of the error of combined insulating device, size characterizing the stochastic nature of the system. Better partner with the insulating oil proved the paper thick NOMEX 0.15.

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The diploma thesis "Experiencing the loss of a child" deals with the psychological aspects of adaptation to the loss of a child. Its main objective is to analyse the supporting factors that help the adaptation and to find out how such loss influences individuals and their subsequent life. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the issue of the loss of a close person and details the specifics of the loss of a child. Based on available literature the author explores the process of grieving and its manifestations and determines the variables that influence the adaptation to child loss. She also evaluates the impact of the child loss on the individual and the potential for intervention in the process. The empirical part determines the factors that help to cope with such loss, describes, how the loss influences the life of the individual and focuses on the needs of the bereaved parents. The data gathering consisted of ten individual in-depth interviews with women which experienced the loss of a child. These interviews were then qualitatively analysed using the IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) method. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis we identified four main support aspects of adaptation to child loss - social support, individual activity, professional help and faith....

Trauma and grief often co-occur, however the degree to which these two constructs overlap or are distinguishable is still poorly understood. Homicidally bereaved individuals are exposed to both trauma and loss-related stressors. Previously collected data were used to explore the relationship between trauma and grief components in homicide bereavement distress, and whether homicide bereavement distress was distinguishable from that of other adverse life events. The overarching research question for this study was: Are event and loss related distress distinguishable among siblings bereaved by homicide,1 as measured on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)? Data from 67 individuals who lost a sibling to murder while growing up (Murder Group) were compared to data from 80 comparison individuals who grew up with a sibling (Comparison Group), but who had no experience of homicide bereavement. A cross-sectional, iterative survey design using group comparisons was used. Participants in the Murder Group reported significantly higher levels of current subjective distress compared with the Comparison Group. Among the siblings bereaved by the homicide loss of a sibling, event- and loss-related subjective distresses were highly and significantly correlated. In addition, both decreased significantly over time (years), and at similar rates. Preliminary findings from exploratory analyses of the IES-R provide insight into the avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal components of subjective distress following homicide loss. Findings will inform understanding of the overlap, and distinguishing features, of concurrent trauma and grief. Implications for theory and empirical research are noted, and recommendations for future research and counselling practice are discussed. / Graduate / 2017-09-13 / simpson9@uvic.ca

Inledning: Det finns idag drygt 1,2 miljoner företag i Sverige och av de så består cirka 95 procent av så kallade småföretag med upp till tio anställda. Småföretag har ofta svårt att se användningen av all extern redovisning som produceras och det leder till att kostnaden för redovisningen blir större än nyttan. För att kostnaderna för de mindre företagen inte ska bli för stora så är det viktigt att lagstiftningen och redovisningen inte är för komplicerad. Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att redogöra för hur ägare till ägarledda småföretag ser på användningen av sin externa redovisning. Vi vill undersöka när redovisningen används och vilken nytta småföretagare upplever att den bidrar med i förhållande till hur komplicerad den är. Genom att testa våra hypoteser vill vi mäta vilken användning de har av sin redovisning i kontakt med sina intressenter samt testa om det finns samband med bakomliggande faktorer. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har vi utgått från en deduktiv ansats. Vi har genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning samlat in material från ägare till småföretag där de har fått svara på vad de anser om sin externa redovisning och när de använder den. Resultat: Resultatet visar att ägare till småföretag främst använder sin redovisning när motparten kräver eller efterfrågar den. Har ägaren ekonomisk utbildning har företaget bättre användning av redovisningen på kort sikt. Vi ser att när företag blir 8–10 anställda så överensstämmer nyttan bättre med hur komplicerad redovisningen är samt att kontakten med intressenter utvidgas. / Introduction: Today there are just over 1.2 million companies in Sweden and of these, about 95 per cent consists of so-called small companies with up to ten employees. Small companies often find it difficult to see the use of all external accounting that is produced, and this results in the cost of the accounting being greater than the benefit. In order for the costs for the smaller companies not to be too large, it is important that the legislation and the accounting are not too complicated. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to describe how owners of owner-managed small businesses look at the use of their external accounting. We want to investigate when the accounting is used and what benefit small business owners feel that it contributes in relation to how complicated it is. By testing our hypotheses, we want to measure what use they have of their accounting in contact with their stakeholders and test whether there are correlations with underlying factors. Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, we have assumed a deductive approach. Through a quantitative questionnaire, we have collected material from owners of small businesses where they have had to answer what they consider about their external accounting and when they use it. Result: The result shows that owners of small businesses primarily use their accounting when the counterparty requires or requests it. If the owner has financial education, the company has better use of the accounting in the short term. We see that when companies become 8–10 employees, the benefits are better matched to how complicated the accounting is and that contact with stakeholders is expanded.

Student Number : 0204770E - MEd research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / The present study investigates a bereavement training programme with a group of volunteer lay counsellors. In South Africa, the number of orphans resulting from an increase in parental deaths from natural causes, such as AIDS and nonnatural causes, for example violence, is increasing rapidly. The increasing number of bereaved children is creating a demand for professional support services that cannot be met by the present number of trained professionals. To address this imbalance, the training of lay counsellors is proposed. It is thus relevant to train those who are willing to help with the necessary knowledge and skills in a bereavement training programme. The present study involves ten volunteers from a Community Centre. Qualitative research methods are employed to analyse the data that is gained from the preand post-training responses to the interviews and Case Examples. Content analysis is used to elucidate the themes that emerge from the collected data. The results of the present study indicate that perceptual and developmental changes have occurred within the volunteers following the training programme, however, it is evident that further training is necessary because of the limited ability that the volunteers demonstrate in practically transferring the knowledge to new cases. In terms of this finding it is clear that factors such as language, age, educational level and personal experiences of death are important criteria to consider in the selection of volunteers for a bereavement training programme. Furthermore, traditional African perspectives of death, cultural differences and HIV/AIDS awareness need to be incorporated into future bereavement training programmes. In terms of the outcomes of the study, a positive outcome is the revision of the Bereavement Programme for children, taking cognisance of cultural sensitiveness, to make it more applicable within the local context. The results of the study also highlight the limitations and implications of the present research, which are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.

Darbo tikslas – surinkti ir išanalizuoti šunų sergančių babezioze atvejus, organų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimus komplikuotoje babeziozės formoje smulkių gyvūnų veterinarijos klinikoje, Klaipėdoje. Darbo uždaviniai: nustatyti kokio amžiaus, veislės bei lyties šunys dažniausiai serga komplikuota babeziozės forma; nustatyti kurio sezono metu daugiausiai pasireiškia komplikuota babeziozės forma; ištirti ir įvertinti biocheminių kraujo tyrimų rezultatus; nustatyti ar sergamumas komplikuota babeziozės forma priklauso nuo sudėtinio organų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimo, bei jo įtaką mirtingumui; nustatyti kokių organų sistemų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimai vyrauja dažniausiai ir ar šių organų sistemų veikla daro įtaką mirtingumui. Tyrimo objektas: šunys sergantys komplikuota babeziozės forma. Tyrime taikyti diagnostikos analizės metodai, statistika, grafika, palyginimas, mokslinės literatūros analizė, sisteminis požiūris, matematiniai metodai, koreliacijos metodas. Išvados: 1. Iš 32 šunų kuriems buvo nustatyta komplikuota babeziozės infekcija dažniausiai (41%) sirgo 1-5 metų šunų amžiaus grupė, dažniausiai sirgo mišrūnai 13 (39,4%), rečiau škotų terjerai 3 (9%), sergančių patinų užregistruota 62,5 %, patelių 37,5%. 2. Didžiausi ligos protrūkiai pasireiškė pavasario (47%) bei rudens (37%) sezono metu 3. Analizuojant kraujo biocheminius parametrus buvo nustatyta, kad babeziozės kraujo biocheminiai parametrai buvo nukrypę nuo normos ribų: šlapalo koncentracija buvo virš normos ribų 3,1 – 8,5... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study was designed to collect and analyze the dog with babesiosis cases, organ dysfunction, and their a complicated form of babesiosis of small animal veterinary clinic in Klaipeda. The research objective formulated in the following tasks: identify what age, breed and sex dogs usually suffer from a complicated form of babesiosis; set a season mainly occurs in the form of complicated babesiosis; investigate and evaluate the biochemical blood tests; determine whether the incidence of babesiosis complicated form depends on a complex of organs and their functioning, and its impact on mortality; determine what organ systems and their functions, disorders usually prevail and that the organ systems function affects mortality. The object of study: Dogs with complicated babesiosis form. In the research apply the methods of diagnostic analysis, statistics, graphic, comparison, the scientific literary analysis, systematic approach, mathematical methods of treatment, correlation method, survey method. Conclusions: 1. Of the 32 dogs who were with complicated babesiosis infection in most cases (41 %) had 1-5 years of age group of dogs , mostly bastards had 13 (39.4 % ), followed by the Scottish terrier , 3 (9 %) , with 62.5 % of males recorded and females 37.5 % 2. The largest outbreaks occurred in the spring (47 %) and autumn (37 %) during the season 3. The analysis of blood biochemical parameters were found to Babesia in blood biochemical parameters were abnormal values: blood urea... [to full text]

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e o momento ideal da realização da toracoscopia vídeoassistida (TVA) para o tratamento de crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado (DPPC), bem como determinar se a drenagem torácica realizada como procedimento inicial pode influenciar os resultados da TVA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 79 crianças (idade média de 35 meses) submetidas à TVA, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2011. Os pacientes foram tratados com o mesmo algoritmo de tratamento e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados ou supervisionados pelo mesmo cirurgião. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o intervalo de quatro dias entre o diagnóstico do DPPC e a cirurgia. Resultados: Pacientes operados até o 4º dia após o diagnóstico do DPPC apresentaram menor tempo de internação (p=0,008), de uso de antibióticos (p=0,023) e de uso de dreno torácico (p=0,019), além de serem submetidos a menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (p<0,001). A drenagem pleural prévia retardou a realização da TVA em três dias, com consequente aumento no tempo de internação (p=0,050), no tempo de permanência do dreno torácico (p<0,001) e no tempo cirúrgico da TVA (p<0,001). TVA foi eficaz em 73 crianças (92,4%). Nem o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia, nem a drenagem pleural prévia, influenciaram a taxa de insucesso da TVA. Conclusões: TVA é um procedimento altamente efetivo em crianças com DPPC. TVA realizada até quatro dias após o diagnóstico do DPPC está associada à redução nos tempos de internação, de permanência do dreno torácico e do uso de antibióticos, além de diminuição no número de intervenções invasivas. / thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and to determine whether the use of initial chest tube drainage (CTD) may influence VATS outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 79 children (mean age, 35 months) undergoing VATS from January 2000 to December 2011. The same treatment algorithm was used in the management of all patients, and all surgical procedures were performed or supervised by the same surgeon. The children were divided into two groups according to a 4-day interval between CPPE diagnosis and surgery. Results: Patients undergoing VATS within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis had a shorter hospital stay (p=0.008), fewer number of antibiotics administered (p=0.023), and decreased time with a chest tube (p=0.019), in addition to undergoing fewer number of surgical procedures (p<0.001). Initial CTD resulted in a delay of 3 days in performing VATS, leading to longer hospital stay (p=0.050), increased time with a chest tube (p<0.001), and longer VATS operating time (p<0.001). VATS was effective in 73 children (92.4%). The interval from diagnosis to surgery and initial CTD had no influence on VATS failure rate. Conclusions: VATS is a highly effective procedure for treating children with CPPE. VATS performed within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis is associated with shorter hospital stay, decreased time with a chest tube, fewer antibiotics administered, and fewer invasive interventions.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e o momento ideal da realização da toracoscopia vídeoassistida (TVA) para o tratamento de crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado (DPPC), bem como determinar se a drenagem torácica realizada como procedimento inicial pode influenciar os resultados da TVA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 79 crianças (idade média de 35 meses) submetidas à TVA, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2011. Os pacientes foram tratados com o mesmo algoritmo de tratamento e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados ou supervisionados pelo mesmo cirurgião. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o intervalo de quatro dias entre o diagnóstico do DPPC e a cirurgia. Resultados: Pacientes operados até o 4º dia após o diagnóstico do DPPC apresentaram menor tempo de internação (p=0,008), de uso de antibióticos (p=0,023) e de uso de dreno torácico (p=0,019), além de serem submetidos a menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (p<0,001). A drenagem pleural prévia retardou a realização da TVA em três dias, com consequente aumento no tempo de internação (p=0,050), no tempo de permanência do dreno torácico (p<0,001) e no tempo cirúrgico da TVA (p<0,001). TVA foi eficaz em 73 crianças (92,4%). Nem o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia, nem a drenagem pleural prévia, influenciaram a taxa de insucesso da TVA. Conclusões: TVA é um procedimento altamente efetivo em crianças com DPPC. TVA realizada até quatro dias após o diagnóstico do DPPC está associada à redução nos tempos de internação, de permanência do dreno torácico e do uso de antibióticos, além de diminuição no número de intervenções invasivas. / thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and to determine whether the use of initial chest tube drainage (CTD) may influence VATS outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 79 children (mean age, 35 months) undergoing VATS from January 2000 to December 2011. The same treatment algorithm was used in the management of all patients, and all surgical procedures were performed or supervised by the same surgeon. The children were divided into two groups according to a 4-day interval between CPPE diagnosis and surgery. Results: Patients undergoing VATS within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis had a shorter hospital stay (p=0.008), fewer number of antibiotics administered (p=0.023), and decreased time with a chest tube (p=0.019), in addition to undergoing fewer number of surgical procedures (p<0.001). Initial CTD resulted in a delay of 3 days in performing VATS, leading to longer hospital stay (p=0.050), increased time with a chest tube (p<0.001), and longer VATS operating time (p<0.001). VATS was effective in 73 children (92.4%). The interval from diagnosis to surgery and initial CTD had no influence on VATS failure rate. Conclusions: VATS is a highly effective procedure for treating children with CPPE. VATS performed within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis is associated with shorter hospital stay, decreased time with a chest tube, fewer antibiotics administered, and fewer invasive interventions.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e o momento ideal da realização da toracoscopia vídeoassistida (TVA) para o tratamento de crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado (DPPC), bem como determinar se a drenagem torácica realizada como procedimento inicial pode influenciar os resultados da TVA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 79 crianças (idade média de 35 meses) submetidas à TVA, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2011. Os pacientes foram tratados com o mesmo algoritmo de tratamento e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados ou supervisionados pelo mesmo cirurgião. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o intervalo de quatro dias entre o diagnóstico do DPPC e a cirurgia. Resultados: Pacientes operados até o 4º dia após o diagnóstico do DPPC apresentaram menor tempo de internação (p=0,008), de uso de antibióticos (p=0,023) e de uso de dreno torácico (p=0,019), além de serem submetidos a menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (p<0,001). A drenagem pleural prévia retardou a realização da TVA em três dias, com consequente aumento no tempo de internação (p=0,050), no tempo de permanência do dreno torácico (p<0,001) e no tempo cirúrgico da TVA (p<0,001). TVA foi eficaz em 73 crianças (92,4%). Nem o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia, nem a drenagem pleural prévia, influenciaram a taxa de insucesso da TVA. Conclusões: TVA é um procedimento altamente efetivo em crianças com DPPC. TVA realizada até quatro dias após o diagnóstico do DPPC está associada à redução nos tempos de internação, de permanência do dreno torácico e do uso de antibióticos, além de diminuição no número de intervenções invasivas. / thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and to determine whether the use of initial chest tube drainage (CTD) may influence VATS outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 79 children (mean age, 35 months) undergoing VATS from January 2000 to December 2011. The same treatment algorithm was used in the management of all patients, and all surgical procedures were performed or supervised by the same surgeon. The children were divided into two groups according to a 4-day interval between CPPE diagnosis and surgery. Results: Patients undergoing VATS within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis had a shorter hospital stay (p=0.008), fewer number of antibiotics administered (p=0.023), and decreased time with a chest tube (p=0.019), in addition to undergoing fewer number of surgical procedures (p<0.001). Initial CTD resulted in a delay of 3 days in performing VATS, leading to longer hospital stay (p=0.050), increased time with a chest tube (p<0.001), and longer VATS operating time (p<0.001). VATS was effective in 73 children (92.4%). The interval from diagnosis to surgery and initial CTD had no influence on VATS failure rate. Conclusions: VATS is a highly effective procedure for treating children with CPPE. VATS performed within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis is associated with shorter hospital stay, decreased time with a chest tube, fewer antibiotics administered, and fewer invasive interventions.