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This study investigated the concentration distributions of polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment cores collected from Fang-Liao submarine canyon. Chemical fingerprinting techniques and statistical analysis were applied to delineate the possible sources of the PAHs in deposited sediment core samples. It is noteworthy that all cores were not dated; therefore the deposition age could not estimate from the depth of deposition directly. The average concentrations of polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (£U51PAHs) were found ranged from 229 to 638 (ng/g dry wt) in the sediment cores in Fang-Liao submarine canyon. In addition, the low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 ring PAHs) were found dominant in the PAH composition pattern of most samples. Total PAH concentrations were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) in all the sediment cores. Compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the PAH concentrations of all sediment samples were lower than those outlined in the criteria, that suggests no evident adverse biological effects caused by PAHs. Results also showed that total PAH concentration of surface sediments (0-2 cm) decreased with the water depth. Identification of PAHs sources suggests that all up-cores were dominated by petrogenic sources, but all down-cores except for S17 and S18 were dominated by pyrogenic sources or mixed sources. In contrast, biogenic sources were found dominant in S17 and S18 as they were characterized by higher ratio of perylene/£Upenta-PAHs(%). Compared with literature, the sediment cores of Fang-Liao submarine canyon were moderately polluted with PAHs. Analysis of diagnostic ratios and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) as well as principal component analysis (PCA) all indicate PAHs sources of Fang-Liao submarine canyon were mainly from petroleum and petroleum combustion sources for site of S3,S5,S7,S8 and S17; while pyrogenic or mixed sources for site of S1,S2,S9,S18 and S33.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 80 pages. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Continuous recognition of sign language has many practical applications and it can help to improve the quality of life of deaf persons by facilitating their interaction with hearing populace in public situations. This has led to some research in automated continuous American Sign Language recognition. But most work in continuous ASL recognition has only used top-down Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based approaches for recognition. There is no work on using facial information, which is considered to be fairly important. In this thesis, we explore bottom-up approach based on the use of Relational Distributions and Space of Probability Functions (SoPF) for intermediate level ASL recognition. We also use non-manual information, firstly, to decrease the number of deletion and insertion errors and secondly, to find whether the ASL sentence has 'Negation' in it, for which we use motion trajectories of the face. / ABSTRACT: The experimental results show: - The SoPF representation works well for ASL recognition. The accuracy based on the number of deletion errors, considering the 8 most probable signs in the sentence is 95%, while when considering 6 most probable signs, is 88%. - Using facial or non-manual information increases accuracy when we consider top 6 signs, from 88% to 92%. Thus face does have information content in it. - It is difficult to directly combine the manual information (information from hand motion) with non-manual (facial information) to improve the accuracy because of following two reasons: 1. Manual images are not synchronized with the non-manual images. For example the same facial expressions is not present at the same manual position in two instances of the same sentences. 2. One another problem in finding the facial expresion related with the sign, occurs when there is presence of a strong non-manual indicating 'Assertion' or 'Negation' in the sentence. / ABSTRACT: In such cases the facial expressions are totally dominated by the face movements which is indicated by 'head shakes' or 'head nods'. - The number of sentences, that have 'Negation' in them and are correctly recognized with the help of motion trajectories of the face are, 27 out of 30. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Ein zusammengesetzter Index ist eine aggregierte Variable, die aus individuellen Indikatoren und Gewichten besteht, wobei die Gewichte die relative Wichtigkeit jedes Indikators darstellen. Zusammengesetzte Indizes werden oft benutzt um latente Phänomene zu schreiben oder komplexe Informationen zu einer geringen Anzahl an Variablen zusammenzufassen. Es ist von großer Bedeutung richtige Gewichte für die Variablen, die einen zusammengesetzten Index bilden, zu wählen. Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) ist ein populärer Ansatz um Gewichte abzuleiten, aber es ist ungeeignet, wenn informative Variationen nur kleine Varianzen der Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index haben. Deshalb schlägt diese Studie vor, Partial Least Squares (PLS) anzuwenden, welches die Beziehung zwischen Zielvariablen and den Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index ausnutzt. Unsere Simulationsstudie zeigt, dass PLS so gut wie PCA funktioniert oder erheblich es übertrifft. Zusätzlich sind in der Praxis die Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index häufig nicht-metrisch. Solche Variablen benötigen spezielle Verfahren, um PCA oder PLS anzuwenden. Diese Studie untersucht mehrere PCA und PLS Algorithmen für nicht-metrische Variablen in der vorliegenden Literatur und vergleicht sie durch umfangreiche Simulationsstudien, um Empfehlungen für die Praxis abzugeben. Dummy coding zeigt häufig zufriedenstellende Leistung im Vergleich zu komplizierteren Methoden. Als unsere Anwendungen betrachten wir Vermögen, Globalisierung, Geschlechtergleichheit und Korruption, indem PCA- und PLS-basierte zusammengesetzte Indizes angewendet werden. PLS erzeugt für die jeweiligen Zielvariablen massgeschnittene zusammengesetzte Indizes, die häufig bessere Leistung als PCA zeigten. Ein Vergleich zwischen PCA und PLS Gewichten und Koeffizienten zeigt, welche Variablen für die jeweiligen Zielvariablen besonders relevant sind.

Enantioselective indicator displacement assays (eIDAs), was transitioned to a high-throughput screening protocols, for the rapid determination of concentration and enantioselectivity (ee) of chiral diols and α-hydroxycarboxylic acid. To improve the design of our previously established receptor based on o-(N,N-dialkylaminomethyl)arylboronate scaffolds for eIDAs. The rigidity of the receptor, which pertinent from the formation of an intramolecular N-B dative bond was investigated. o-(Pyrrolidinylmethyl)phenylboronic acid its complexes with bifunctional substrates such as catechol, [alpha]-hydroxyisobutyric acid, and hydrobenzoin was studied in detail by x-ray crystallography and ¹¹B NMR. Our structural study predicts that the formation of an N-B dative bond, and/or solvolysis to afford a tetrahedral boronate anion, depends on the solvent and the complexing substrate present. To simplify the operation of eIDAs, we introduced an analytical method, which utilize a dual-chamber quartz cuvette, which reduces the number of spectroscopic measurements from two to one and introduced artificial neural networks (ANNs) which simplifies data analysis. In a second example a high-throughtput screening protocol for hydrobenzoin was developed. The method involves the sequential utilization of what we define herein as screening, training, and analysis plates. Several enantioselective boronic-acid based receptors were screened using 96-well plates, both for their ability to discriminate the enantiomers of hydrobenzoin and to find their optimal pairing with indicators resulting in the largest optical responses. The best receptor/indicator combination was then used to train an ANN to determine concentration and ee. To prove the practicality of the developed protocol, analysis plates were created containing true unknown samples of hydrobenzoin generated by established Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions, and the best ligand was correctly identified. The system was extended to pattern recognition for the rapid determination of identity, concentration, and ee of chiral vicinal diols. A diverse enantioselective sensor array was generated with three chiral boronic acid receptors and pH indicators. The optical response produced by the sensor array, was analyzed by two pattern recognition algorithms: principal component analysis (PCA) and ANNs. The PCA plot demonstrated good chemoselective and enantioselective separation of the analytes, and ANNs was used to accurately determine the concentration and ee of five unknown samples. / text

Η ομαδοποίηση ομαδοποιεί τα δεδομένα βασισμένη μόνο σε πληροφορία που βρίσκεται σε αυτά η οποία περιγράφει τα αντικείμενα και τις σχέσεις τους. Ο στόχος είναι τα αντικείμενα που βρίσκονται σε μια ομάδα να είναι όμοια(ή σχετικά) μεταξύ τους και διαφορετικά απο τα αντικείμενα των άλλων ομάδων. Όσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η ομοιότητα(ή η ομοιογένεια) σε μια ομάδα και όσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η διαφορετικότητα ανάμεσα στις ομάδες τόσο καλύτερη είναι η ομαδοποίηση. Οι μεθόδοι ομαδοποίησης μπορούν να διακριθούν σε τρείς κατηγορίες, ιεραρχικές, διαχωριστικές, και στις βασισμένες στη πυκνότητα. Οι ιεραρχικοί αλγόριθμοι μας δίνουν ιεραρχίες ομάδων σε μία top-down(συγχωνευτική) ή bottom-up(διαχωριστική) μορφή. Η εργασία αυτή επικεντρώνεται στην ιεραρχική διαχωριστική ομαδοποίηση. Ανάμεσα στους ιεραρχικούς διαχωριστικούς αλγορίθμους ξεχωρίζουμε τον αλγόριθμο Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP). Ο PDDP χρησιμοποιεί την προβολή των δεδομένων στα κύρια συστατικά της αντίστοιχης μήτρας συνδιασποράς. Αυτό επιτρέπει την εφαρμογή σε δεδομένα υψηλής διάστασης. Στην εργασία αυτή προτείνεται μια βελτίωση του αλγορίθμου \Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning. Ο προτεινόμενος αλγόριθμος συνδυάζει στοιχεία από την εκτίμηση πυκνότητας και τις μεθόδους βασισμένες στην προβολή με έναν γρήγορο και αποδοτικό αλγόριθμο, ικανό να αντιμετωπίσει δεδομένα υψηλής διάστασης. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα δείχνουν βελτιωμένη απόδοση ομαδοποίησης σε σύγκριση με άλλες δημοφιλείς μεθόδους. Επίσης ερευνάται το πρόβλημα του αυτόματου καθορισμού του πλήθους των ομάδων που είναι πολύ σημαντικό την ανάλυση ομάδων. / Cluster analysis groups data objects based only on information found in the data that describes the objects and their relationships. The goal is that the objects within a group be similar (or related) to one another and different from (or unrelated to) the objects in other groups. The greater the similarity (or homogeneity) within a group and the greater the difference between groups, the better or more distinct the clustering. Clustering methods can be broadly divided into three categories, hierarchical, partitioning and density-based (while there are other categorisations). Hierarchical algorithms provide nested hierarchies of clusters in a top-down (agglomerative), or bottom-up (divisive) fashion. This work is focused on the class of hierarchical divisive clustering algorithms. Amongst the class of divisive hierarchical algorithms, the Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP) algorithm is of particular value. PDDP uses the projection of the data onto the principal components of the associated data covariance matrix. This allows the application to high dimensional data. In this work an improvement of the algorithm PDDP is proposed. The proposed algorithm merges concepts from density estimation and projection-based methods towards a fast and efficient clustering algorithm, capable of dealing with high dimensional data. Experimental results show improved partitioning performance compared to other popular methods. Moreover, we explore the problem of automatically determining the number of clusters that is central in cluster analysis.

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη μεθόδου εντοπισμού εγκεφαλικών ρυθμών στο χρόνο χρησιμοποιώντας περιορισμούς που στηρίζονται στα νευροφυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά του κάθε υθμού τόσο στο πεδίο του χώρου (spatial constraints) όσο και στο πεδίο της συχνότητας (frequency constraints). Η μέθοδος στηρίζεται στην τεχνική ανάλυσης σε ανεξάρτητες συνιστώσες (ICA) και δεν απαιτεί πολυκάναλες καταγραφές (MEG). Πιθανές εφαρμογές περιλαμβάνουν τον εντοπισμό α-ρυθμού, επιληπτικών κρίσεων, μ-ρυθμού και ρυθμών κυρίαρχων στα στάδια του ύπνου. Η προτεινόμενη μέθοδος μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την ανάλυση καταγραφών ΗΕΓ τόσο σε πραγματικό χρόνο (online) όσο και σε προαποθηκευμένα δεδομένα (offline). / The goal of the present thesis is the development of a method for temporal detection of electrophysiological brain rhythms, using constraints based on neurophysiological, spatial and frequency characteristics of every rhythm. The method is based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and does not require multichannel recordings (MEG). Possible applications include temporal detection of α-rhythm, μ-rhythm and sleep dominant rhythms. The proposed method can be used in both online and offline EEG analysis.

This study shows that remote sensing and GIS are powerful tools in identifying geologically induced lineaments from digitally enhanced ETM+ satellite imageries and the digital elevation model (DEM) in remote areas such as the Makran accretionary prism, southeast Iran. The presence of the conjugate shear fractures in the eastern part, along with the extensional, and the presence of reidal sets associated with the subsidiary fractures of the Minab-Zendal fault system in the western part, suggests that the structural pattern changes from pure shear to simple shear from east to the west across the prism. Moreover, the gradual increase in the value of the angle between the two conjugate shear fractures, from south (coastal Makran) to north across the prism, and the presence of high-angle north-dipping reverse faults, with few south-dipping normal faults, suggest that deformation changes from brittle, in the south, to ductile in the northern part of the prism.

Die Risikoprämie einer Unternehmensanleihe dient prinzipiell der wirtschaftlichen Kompensation für die Übernahme zusätzlicher Risiken gegenüber den Risiken der Benchmark. Allerdings findet sich in der bisher veröffentlichen Literatur eine Vielzahl von den praktischen Messkonzepten, die in vielen Fällen nicht fehlerfrei und problemlos zustande gekommen sind. Daher ist die präzise und quantitative Messung der Risikoprämien von Unternehmensanleihen eine betriebswirtschaftliche Notwendigkeit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden im Hinblick auf die Erreichbarkeit drei alternative Messkonzepte bezüglich der Risikoprämien von Unternehmensanleihen vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Einige bisherige Studien sind der Auffassung, dass die Risikoprämien von Unternehmensanleihen zumeist von den Nicht-Kreditkomponenten beeinflusst werden. Um diese Marktanomalien zu erklären, verwenden die vorliegenden Untersuchungen das statistische lineare Faktor-Modell. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Untersuchung von LITTERMAN/SCHEINKMAN (1991) auf die risikobehafteten Unternehmensanleihen übertragen. Im Kern steht die Frage, welche Risikoarten bzw. wie viele Einflussfaktoren wirken sich auf die Risikoprämien von Unternehmensanleihen in wieweit aus. Das Ziel ist ein sparsames lineares Faktor-Modell mit wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung aufzubauen. Somit leistet diese Dissertationsschrift einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Gestaltung der Anleiheanalyse bzw. zur Portfolioverwaltung.

Disregard for patient-specific joint-level variability may be related to decreased functional ability, poor implant longevity and dissatisfaction post-TKA. The purpose of this study was to, 1) compare pre and post-implant intraoperative passive knee adduction angle kinematic patterns and characterize the effect of surgical intervention on each pattern, 2) examine the association between passive pre and post-implant knee kinematics measured intraoperatively and dynamic knee kinematics and kinetics pre and post-TKA measured during gait, and 3) compare dynamic post-TKA kinematic and kinetic patterns between patient-specific knee recipients and traditional TKA recipient. Patients received a TKA using the Stryker Precision Knee navigation system capturing pre/post-implant kinematics through a passive range of flexion. One-week prior and 1-year post-TKA patients underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Knee joint waveforms were calculated according to the joint coordinate system. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to frontal plane gait angles, moments and navigation angles. Paired two- tailed t-tests were used to compare principal component (PC) scores between pre and post-implant patterns, and a one-way ANOVA was used to test if post-implant patterns were significantly different from zero. Two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficients tested for associations between navigation and gait PCscores, and an un-paired two-tailed t-test was used to compare PCscores between patient-specific and traditional TKA groups. Six different passive kinematic phenotypes were captured pre-implant. Although some waveform patterns persisted at small magnitudes post-implant (PC1 and PC3: p<0.001), curves remained within the clinically acceptable alignment range through passive motion. A positive correlation was found between navigation adduction angle PC1 and gait adduction moment PC1 pre and post-TKA (p<0.001, r=0.79; p<0.01 r=0.67), and a negative correlation between navigation adduction angle PC1 and gait adduction angle PC1 post-TKA (p=0.03, r=-0.53). The patient-specific group showed significantly lower PC2 scores than the traditional TKA group (p=0.03), describing a lower flexion moment magnitude during early stance phase, possibly representing a functional limitation or non- confidence during gait. These results were an important first step to assess patient- specific approaches to TKA, suggesting possible applications for patient-specific intraoperative kinematics to aid in surgical decision-making and influence functional outcomes.