This thesis develops a new structure that explicitly combines two CGE models, a national and a regional, in an integrated structure that gives the thesis model the name IRES, in short for the Integrated Regional Equation System. The typical features of the integrated structure are the adding-up conditions and the two-way linkages between the national and the regional modules facilitated by the interface shifters. The adding-up conditions ensure the two modules produce consistent results and updated databases. The inclusion of the interface shifters on the one hand plays a role in ensuring compatibility of results of the two modules, i.e. no distortion occurs because technical or taste changes are transferred across modules. On the other hand, the interface shifters assist the operation of IRES in different modes: the model can be used as a top-down model, a bottom-up model or an integrated model where national and regional shocks can be introduced at the same time. Hence, IRES has more flexibility in its application than a regional model or a national model alone, as IRES can make use of availability of data at any levels in the economy. IRES has a new labour market in which regional migration is no longer the only factor that settles the labour market as in the original setting of the MMRF model. Regional unemployment and regional participation rates are modelled to response to changes in regional employment growth using elasticities estimated econometrically in this thesis. IRES implements historical patterns of regional migration so that results of regional migration are consistent with observed patterns. Altogether, regional migration, regional unemployment and participation rates determine the equilibrium of the labour market. IRES adopts new approaches to modelling margin demands and indirect taxes. These new approaches are very effective in reducing the size of IRES but they do not compromise the use of the model. These approaches are readily applicable to any other regional CGE models.

This thesis concerns both static and dynamic modeling in a spatial computable general equilibrium setting. First, we have applied a static framework for the assessment of economic impacts of the Öresund bridge. Secondly, we make an attempt to enhance the static framework through the introduction of economic dynamics. Third, we introduce the STRAGO model, incorporating monopolistic competition, dynamics and additive transport costs. STRAGO is applied to the analysis of effects from a kilometer tax on freight. The last paper presents a framework for studying the division, or fragmentation of production. This framework uses the standard theory of monopolistic competition, with a production chain extension, through a recursive view of markets. The optimal level of fragmentation in such industries is studied. / QC 20100811

In the study a class of multisector network models, suitable for simulation of the interaction between production, demand, trade, and infrastructure, is presented. A characteristic feature of the class is a vintage model of the production system. Hence, the rigidities in existing capacities and the temporary monopolies obtainable from investments in new capacity at favourable locations are emphasized.As special cases, the class contains models in the modelling traditions of "interregional computable general equilibriunT, Hspatial price equilibrium**, "interregional input-output" and transportation networks.On the demand side, a multihousehold spatial linear expenditure system is introduced. This allows for an endogenous representation of income effects of skill-differentiated labour.The models are represented by a set of complementarity problems. This facilitates a comparison of model properties and the choice of an appropriate solution algorithm.The study is mainly devoted to single period models. Such equilibrium models are interpreted as adiabatic approximations of processes in continuous time. A separation by the time scale of the processes and an application of the slaving principle should thus govern the choice of endogenous variables in the equilibrium formulation. / digitalisering@umu

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis consists of three essays within the field of applied environmental economics, with the common basic aim of analyzing effects of Swedish environmental policy. Starting out from Swedish environmental goals, the thesis assesses a range of policy-related questions. The objective is to quantify policy outcomes by constructing and applying numerical models especially designed for environmental policy analysis. Static and dynamic multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium models are developed in order to analyze the following issues. The costs and benefits of a domestic carbon dioxide (CO2) tax reform. Special attention is given to how these costs and benefits depend on the structure of the tax system and, furthermore, how they depend on policy-induced changes in "secondary" pollutants. The effects of allowing for emission permit trading through time when the domestic long-term domestic environmental goal is specified in CO2stock terms. The effects on long-term projected economic growth and welfare that are due to damages from emission flow and accumulation of "local" pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide), as well as the outcome of environmental policy when costs and benefits are considered in an integrated environmental-economic framework. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2001

[Truncated abstract] The core objective of this thesis is summarised by its title: “Understanding the World Wool Market: Trade, Productivity and Grower Incomes”. Thus, we wish to aid understanding of the economic mechanisms by which the world wool market operates. In doing so, we analyse two issues trade and productivity and their effect on, inter alia, grower incomes. To achieve the objective, we develop a novel analytical framework, or model. The model combines two long and rich modelling traditions: the partial-equilibrium commodity-specific approach and the computable-general-equilibrium approach. The result is a model that represents the world wool market in detail, tracking the production of greasy wool through five off-farm production stages ending in the production of wool garments. Capturing the multistage nature of the wool production system is a key pillar in this part of the model . . . The estimated welfare gain for China is 0.1% of real income; this is a significant welfare gain. For three losing regions Italy, Germany and Japan the results are robust and we can be highly confident that these regions are the largest losers from the complete removal of 2005 wool tariffs. In both wool tariff liberalisation scenarios, regions whose exports are skewed towards wool textiles and garments gain the most as it is these wool products that have the highest initial tariff rates. The overall finding of this work is that a sophisticated analytical framework is necessary for analysing productivity and trade issues in the world wool market. Only a model of this kind can appropriately handle the degree of complexity of interactions between members (domestic and foreign) of the multistage wool production system. Further, including the nonwool economy in the analytical framework allows us to capture the indirect effects of changes in the world wool market and also the effects on the nonwool economy itself.

Neste trabalho, é apresentado o modelo ARSETI (Analysis of Rio Grande do Sul Equilibrium for Trade Impact). Uma estrutura inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável desenvolvido para análise da economia do Rio Grande do Sul e o Resto do Brasil no sentido de elaboração de políticas econômicas em relação a acordos comerciais a nível mundial. Os blocos/países foram analisados através da seguinte distinção entre os mercados externos: Argentina, MERCOSUL, ALCA, União Européia, China e Resto do Mundo. O Estado gaúcho mantém certa vantagem com relação ao país sobre o processo de abertura comercial com o MERCOSUL, apesar de ambos ganharem, caso o acordo se estabelecesse de maneira plena (tarifa zero). Acordos mais amplos como ALCA e União Européia não são, necessariamente, ruins para o estado do sul do país, mas beneficiam relativamente mais o restante do país no longo prazo. Na possibilidade da implementação do ALCA, o Rio Grande do Sul pode, eventualmente, se preparar para um novo período de concentração industrial na região sudeste do país. / In this work model ARSETI is presented (Analysis of Rio Grande do Sul Equilibrium will be Trade Impact). An interregional structure of computable general balance developed for analysis of the economy of the Rio Grande do Sul and the Remaining portion of Brazil in the direction of elaboration of economic policies in relation the commercial agreements the world-wide level. The blocks/countries had been analyzed through the following distinction between the external markets: Argentina, MERCOSUL, ALCA, European Union, China and Rest of the World. The State gaucho keeps certain advantage with regard to the country on the process of commercial opening with the MERCOSUL, although both to gain case the agreement if established in full way (tariff zero). Agreements ampler as ALCA and European Union are not necessarily bad for the state of the south of the country, but they relatively more benefit the remain of the country in the long stated period. In the possibility of the implementation of the ALCA, the Rio Grande do Sul can eventually be prepared for a new period of industrial concentration in the Southeastern region of the country.

Submitted by Raoni Rugai Marinho (raonirmarinho@gmail.com) on 2015-03-11T14:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-03-11T16:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T16:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - RRM_20150311.pdf: 998586 bytes, checksum: 81f50db5cdf96110f5bba72b66357ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / Motivado pelas diversas discussões em torno do futuro das negociações multilaterais do comércio mundial, utilizando o embasamento de trabalhos anteriores realizados a partir de dados de exportação e importação nos Estados Unidos da América, o presente trabalho busca estimar impactos econômicos ao Brasil das diretivas do Acordo de Facilitação de Comércio de Bali, utilizando-se para isso de Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral já consolidado no tratamento de comércio internacional, bem como sua base de dados. Os principais resultados indicam uma reindustrialização das exportações brasileiras, e permitem concluir que a adesão ao Acordo gera ganhos ao Brasil, e que o país segue na direção correta nesse aspecto. Tais resultados se mostram úteis na formulação de futuras diretrizes para a abertura comercial. / Motivated by the various discussions on the future of the multilateral negotiations of world trade, using previous works, which used data on export and import in the United States of America as basis, this paper seeks to estimate the economic impacts of the policies of Bali Trade Facilitation Agreement to Brazil, making use of a consolidated Computable General Equilibrium model in the treatment of international trade, as well as its database. The main results indicate a reindustrialization of Brazilian exports, and show that the adherence to the Agreement generates gains in Brazil, and that the country goes in the right direction in this regard. Such results could be useful in elaborating future guidelines for trade liberalization.

Neste trabalho, é apresentado o modelo ARSETI (Analysis of Rio Grande do Sul Equilibrium for Trade Impact). Uma estrutura inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável desenvolvido para análise da economia do Rio Grande do Sul e o Resto do Brasil no sentido de elaboração de políticas econômicas em relação a acordos comerciais a nível mundial. Os blocos/países foram analisados através da seguinte distinção entre os mercados externos: Argentina, MERCOSUL, ALCA, União Européia, China e Resto do Mundo. O Estado gaúcho mantém certa vantagem com relação ao país sobre o processo de abertura comercial com o MERCOSUL, apesar de ambos ganharem, caso o acordo se estabelecesse de maneira plena (tarifa zero). Acordos mais amplos como ALCA e União Européia não são, necessariamente, ruins para o estado do sul do país, mas beneficiam relativamente mais o restante do país no longo prazo. Na possibilidade da implementação do ALCA, o Rio Grande do Sul pode, eventualmente, se preparar para um novo período de concentração industrial na região sudeste do país. / In this work model ARSETI is presented (Analysis of Rio Grande do Sul Equilibrium will be Trade Impact). An interregional structure of computable general balance developed for analysis of the economy of the Rio Grande do Sul and the Remaining portion of Brazil in the direction of elaboration of economic policies in relation the commercial agreements the world-wide level. The blocks/countries had been analyzed through the following distinction between the external markets: Argentina, MERCOSUL, ALCA, European Union, China and Rest of the World. The State gaucho keeps certain advantage with regard to the country on the process of commercial opening with the MERCOSUL, although both to gain case the agreement if established in full way (tariff zero). Agreements ampler as ALCA and European Union are not necessarily bad for the state of the south of the country, but they relatively more benefit the remain of the country in the long stated period. In the possibility of the implementation of the ALCA, the Rio Grande do Sul can eventually be prepared for a new period of industrial concentration in the Southeastern region of the country.