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No / Explains how to implement computational techniques for human smile analysis Shares insights into the human personality traits hidden in a smile Enriches the understanding of human emotions through examples of face analysis Includes key examples of the practical use of computer based smile analysis.

No / How many times have you smiled today? How many times have you frowned today? Ever thought of being in a state of self-consciousness to be able to relate your own mood with your facial emotional expressions? Perhaps with our present-day busy lives, we may not consider these as crucial questions. However, as researchers uncover more and more about the human emotional landscape they are learning the importance of understanding our emotions.

The graphene moiré superstructure formed on Ru(0001) (g/Ru(0001)) has shown the potential as a template to self-assemble super-lattices of metal nanoparticles as model catalysts. To explore the possibility of rational catalyst design on g/Ru(0001), detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the adsorption and diffusion of Rh and Au adatoms on g/Ru(0001). The consequences of different hopping rates for cluster nucleation have been explored by performing Monte Carlo-based statistical analysis, which suggests that diffusing species other than adatoms need to be taken into account to develop an accurate description of cluster nucleation and growth on this surface. DFT calculations have also been carried out to investigate the adsorption and diffusion of 18 4d (Y-Ag) and 5d (La-Au) transition metal adatoms on g/Ru(0001). Given the necessity to study larger diffusing species than adatoms, DFT calculations have been performed to study the adsorption and diffusion of Rh and Au dimers and trimers on g/Ru(0001). It was shown that the mobility of Rh clusters decreases with the increase of cluster size, while for Au, dimers diffuse faster than monomers and trimers on the moiré surface. We then used a genetic algorithm combined with DFT calculations to predict the lowest energy structure of a Au8 cluster on g/Ru(0001). Our prediction leads us to propose that Au clusters aggregates through Oswald ripening with Au dimer being the major diffusing species. Finally, we examined the morphology of a Cu19 cluster on g/Cu(111) using MD simulations with COMB3 potential. We also studied the mobility of Cu clusters on g/Cu(111) at elevated temperatures. The analysis suggests that g/Cu(111) may not be a suitable substrate for the formation and growth of isolated Cu clusters. All these calculation results have provided us a better understanding and useful insights into the nucleation and growth mechanism of metal clusters on graphene moiré.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-11-12T16:13:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaureliojucadasilvajunior.pdf: 2424952 bytes, checksum: 8217d429e23695cdfd64e035686f02db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T11:04:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaureliojucadasilvajunior.pdf: 2424952 bytes, checksum: 8217d429e23695cdfd64e035686f02db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T11:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaureliojucadasilvajunior.pdf: 2424952 bytes, checksum: 8217d429e23695cdfd64e035686f02db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sensores a fibra óptica tornaram-se uma alternativa popular aos sensores eletrônicos tradicionais devido às suas inúmeras vantagens. Um desafio importante no emprego de sensores ópticos é a interrogação do sensor, isto é, recuperar o valor da medição a partir da saída do sensor. Este trabalho visa a apresentar uma forma simples e eficaz de interrogar um sensor baseado em grade de Bragg em fibra (FBG) utilizando filtros ópticos e métodos computacionais convenientes. Como exemplo, foi escolhido um sensor de temperatura, embora o sistema de interrogação possa lidar com qualquer medição, sendo calibrado adequadamente. Esse sistema de interrogação é capaz de fornecer o valor preciso da temperatura sem medir diretamente o deslocamento do comprimento de onda de ressonância ou realizar qualquer cálculo de Fourier. Os métodos foram implementados e o treinamento realizado utilizando dados simulados. Resultados de simulação são apresentados e comparados a um método tradicional de interrogação. O sistema proposto neste trabalho mostrou um desempenho excelente ao identificar a temperatura a partir da saída do sensor e mostrou maior precisão em relação ao método tradicional apresentado. / Optical fiber sensors have become a popular alternative to traditional electronic sensors due to their numerous advantages. An important challenge in deploying optical sensors is the interrogation of the sensor, that is, recovering the measurement value from the sensor output. This work aims to present a simple yet effective way of interrogating a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor using optical filters and suitable computational methods. As an example, a temperature sensor was analyzed, although the interrogation system is able to deal with any measurement, by calibrating it suitably. This interrogation system is capable of giving the precise temperature value without directly measuring the resonance wavelength shift or performing any Fourier calculations. The methods were implemented and the training was accomplished using simulated data. Simulation results are presented and compared to a traditional method of interrogation. The system proposed in this work showed excellent performance in identifying the temperature from the sensor output and showed higher precision than the traditional method presented.

Orientador: Rubens de Figueiredo Camargo / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a nova modelagem fracionária, que considera propriedades hereditárias e efeitos de memória, no modelo de Gompertz, para descrever a evolução do câncer causado pela infecção do HPV 16. Devido a variabilidade do desenvolvimento do câncer em humanos, utiliza-se o crescimento in vivo do tumor em camundongo transgênico que expressam os oncogenes E6 e E7 tratados com DMBA / TPA (inicializador e promotor do HPV 16) para capturar as características gerais dessa variabilidade. Resultados mostram que a inserção de um novo parâmetro na correção dimensional da modelagem fracionária, descreve, em comparação ao modelo clássico, o progresso do volume tumoral em maior conformidade com os conjuntos de dados reais. / Abstract: The present work presents the fractional modeling, which considers hereditary properties and memory effects, to describe through the Gompertz model, the evolution of cancer caused by HPV 16 infection. Due to the variability of the development of cancer in humans, we used the in vivo growth of the transgenic mouse tumor expressing DMBA / TPA-treated E6 and E7 oncogenes (HPV 16 initiator and promoter) to capture the general characteristics of this variability. Results show that the insertion of a new parameter in the dimensional correction of fractional modeling describes, compared to the classical model, the progress of tumor volume in greater concorda with the actual data sets. / Doutor

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<p>  </p> <p>Metal 3D printing is the industry standard for manufacturing experimental suppressors due to the limitations of conventional, subtractive machining methods. Long print times, difficulty sintering, and cleaning of metal 3D printed suppressor components limit the development time. Plastic printed components are able to be produced quicker, safer, and at a lower cost than their metal 3D printed counterparts. Reducing the time and cost of manufacturing will allow for an increased pace of innovations in suppressor design.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in combination with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) will expedite the process of designing 3D printed plastic suppressors. Solidworks FEA determined the maximum stress applied to the blast chamber of the plastic suppressor. ANSYS Fluent CFD simulations were used to qualitatively compare the sound pressure levels of an unsuppressed and suppressed 22LR pistol. Comparing the results of the CFD simulations gave insight into the effectiveness of the selected baffle structure.</p> <p><br></p> <p>A prototype 3D printed suppressor was optimized for strength according to manufacturing practices for printed plastic small arms. Testing occurred at an indoor range where peak impulse noise was measured for an unsuppressed 22LR pistol and a plastic printed suppressor. The printed suppressor reduced the small arms impulse noise from 150.5 dB(spl) to 132.4 dB(spl). Impulse noises below the pain threshold of 140 dB(spl) do not require hearing protection for operation. Utilizing FEA, CFD, and FDM prototyping methods in this work has laid the foundation for future works in the rapid prototyping and optimizations of suppressors for small arms.</p>

Soils are a critical resource for supporting ecosystems, agricultural systems, and human wellbeing. However, these same soils have been degraded by human activities throughout human history. Despite the rapid development of global models that include dynamic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and biogeochemical processes to assess climate and hydrological impacts, soil properties are often assumed to be spatially or temporally constant. These assumptions can affect the results of model projections, impact assessments and underestimate the human impact on Earth systems. This study reveals the physical impacts of human-altered soil conditions on the global water balance through a meta-analysis study and soil degradation modeling. We link major global LULCs to four hydrologic soil groups: sandy (sand, sandy loam, and loamy sand), loamy (loam, silty loam, and silt)), clayey soils (clay, sandy clay, clay loam, silty clay, and silty clay loam), and sandy clay loam) from 850 to 2015 AD, and identified loamy and clayey soils as the preferred soils for most human land uses. Humans selectively use those soils for intensive agriculture and pasture activities, while grazing occurs on sandier soils. To simulate the impact of human activities on soils, several soil change models were built for soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), and soil bulk density from meta-analyses of site observations. The models were applied globally based on the LULC and soil relations, global environmental and soil conditions, and LULC distributions. Pedotransfer functions were applied to estimate soil water-holding capacity using those soil properties, then a Thornthwaite-type water balance model was used to assess the impacts of soil degradation on the global water balance. Results show that under a high-intensity LULC scenario (conventional tillage on croplands and heavy grazing), SOC decreases by 363 Pg and water deficit increases 78 km3 globally. The impacts on SOC and deficit are reduced to 213 Pg and 51 km3, respectively, when reducing land-use intensity by substituting animal ploughing/no-till and light grazing for conventional tillage and heavy grazing. Impacts from other LULC types are identical for these two LULC scenarios. Development of this history between LULC and soil properties allows for improved simulation of human impacts on global water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. The results of the water balance simulations demonstrate how different soils representations in models can significantly alter the estimates of global evapotranspiration, water deficit, and surplus. This study contributes to developing a better understanding of the processes by which human-induced soil degradation impacts climate/hydrological models and providing a mechanism to better assess the impacts of humans on the Earth system. The outcome will also complement numerous ongoing global studies that evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources and society. / Graduate / 2023-08-09

Three dimensional flow regimes are encountered in many types of industrial flow processes such as filtration, mixing, reaction engineering, polymerization and polymer forming as well as environmental systems. Thus, the analyses of phenomena involved fluid flow are of great importance and have been subject of numerous ongoing research projects. The analysis of these important phenomena can be conducted in laboratory through experiments or simply by using the emerging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. But when dealing with three dimensional fluid flow problems, the complexities encountered make the analysis via the traditional experimental techniques a daunting task. For this reason, researchers often prefer to use the CFD techniques which with some care taken, often produce accurate and stable results while maintaining cost as low as possible. Many CFD codes have been developed and tested in the past decades and the results have been successful and thus encouraging researchers to develop new codes and/or improve existing codes for the solutions of real world problems. In this present project, CFD techniques are used to simulate the fluid flow phenomena of interest by solving the flow governing equations numerically through the use of a personal computer. The aim of this present research is to develop a robust and reliable technique which includes a novel aspect for the solution of three dimensional generalized Newtonian fluids in domains including obstructions, and this must be done bearing in mind that both accuracy and cost efficiency have to be achieved. To this end, the finite element method (FEM) is chosen as the CFD computational method. There are many existing FEM techniques namely the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin methods, the streamline diffusion methods, the Taylor-Galerkin methods, among others. But after a thorough analysis of the physical conditions (geometries, governing equations, boundary conditions, assumptions …) of the fluid flow problems to be solve in this project, the appropriate scheme chosen is the UVWP family of the mixed finite element methods. It is scheme originally developed to solve two dimensional fluid flow problems but since the scheme produced accurate and stable results for two dimensional problems, then attempt is made in this present study to develop a new version of the UVWP scheme for the numerical analysis of three dimensional fluid flow problems. But, after some initial results obtained using the developed three dimensional scheme, investigations were made during the course of this study on how to speed up solutions' convergence without affecting the cost efficiency of the scheme. The outcomes of these investigations yield to the development of a novel scheme named the modified three dimensional UVWP scheme. Thus a computer model based on these two numerical schemes (UVWP and the Modified UVWP) is developed, tested, and validated through some benchmark problems, and then the model is used to solve some complicated tests problems in this study. Results obtained are accurate, and stable, moreover, the cost efficiency of the computer model must be mentioned because all the simulations carried out are done using a simple personal computer.