Aims and Rationale: The present study aims to enrich understanding of the professional identity of counselling psychology in the UK by exploring both the individual professional identities of counselling psychologists and the broader identity of the profession as a whole. This will elaborate on the existing literature base and allow the researcher to gather a breadth of perspectives of counselling psychology identity whilst also exploring the issues surrounding the identity development of practitioners in greater depth. Method: The study adopts a triangulation mixed methods design to explore the professional identity of counselling psychologists (Cresswell, Plano Clark, Guttman & Hanson, 2003). An exploratory online survey was designed to explore 1) the training, employment and practice characteristics of counselling psychologists and 2) their perception of the role, contribution and future identity of the profession. Concurrent with this data collection, qualitative interviews were conducted which aimed to explore the participants’ experience of training and working as a counselling psychologist, and develop an understanding of factors that have impacted upon their individual professional identity. Results: Both data sources contribute to the conception of counselling psychology as a diverse and multi-faceted profession. ‘Unity within diversity’ has been proposed as an overarching theme that marries the data sources and highlights the different ways in which counselling psychologists experience and articulate their individual professional identity, and the collective identity of the profession. Conclusions: The findings reveal there is no single professional identity inherent within counselling psychology. Multiple professional identities exist and are shaped by a range of factors. Uniting these diverse identities is a central commitment to a humanistic philosophy and value base. This provides a foundation on which therapeutic decision making is made and clients’ difficulties conceptualised. Whilst counselling psychology’s interest in identity and critical self-reflection has been questioned, this process may allow the profession to remain alert to the changing professional climate and adapt their practice to ensure that they remain valuable and are not overlooked within the field of therapeutic provision.

O conceito de desenvolvimento a partir da ótica da Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget é o tema central deste trabalho. Iniciamos o estudo pelo processo de constituição da pesquisa até chegar à definição do tema. O assunto é abordado ao longo de quatro capítulos, os quais constituem um conjunto de questões teóricas que objetivam responder às indagações relativas ao processo de evolução do conceito e suas possíveis modificações e implicações na área da educação. Nesse sentido, em primeiro lugar trabalhamos a concepção em estudo a partir de uma perspectiva cronológica, buscando remontar a história do processo de construção do conceito. No segundo capítulo a análise ocorre numa visão lógica, referindo-se a um tipo de organização em períodos, levada a efeito por diferentes autores, sobre a obra de Jean Piaget. A questão da lógica corresponde àquela adotada pelo pesquisador. No terceiro capítulo fazemos uma leitura articuladora entre as visões cronológica e lógica na busca de suas intersecções. No quarto capítulo, por fim, discutimos as questões relativas ao construtivismo, a partir do entendimento de diferentes autores, seus efeitos e implicações na educação. Concluímos que é necessário continuar investigando as relações entre construtivismo e Epistemologia Genética, na medida em que a compreensão sobre o processo de aprender articulase com a concepção de desenvolvimento. Para constituir novas bases pedagógicas precisamos de espírito de abertura para novas possibilidades de indagação. / The concept of development in Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology point of view is the main idea of this work. This study begins by the process of constitution of the research until the definition of the theme. The subject is approached across four chapters, the ones which constitute an assemble of theoretical queries that objectify to answer questions related to the process of evolution of the concept and possible modifications and implications in education. Therein, first the concept in question is worked from a chronological view, trying to go back in the history of the process of constitution of the concept. In the second chapter, the analysis occur in a logical view, by referring to a kind of periodical organization, accomplished by different authors, about Jean Piaget’s work. The logic issue corresponds to the one used by the researcher. In the third chapter, logical and chronological visions are articulated in search of their intersections. In the fourth chapter, at last, questions related to constructivism are discussed from the understanding of distinct authors, its effects and implications in Education. Is concluded that is necessary to keep searching the connection between constructivism and Genetic Epistemology, in step that comprehension about the learning process link up with the concept of knowledge. To establish new pedagogical foundations an open spirit is needed in order to investigate new possibilities.

O conceito de desenvolvimento a partir da ótica da Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget é o tema central deste trabalho. Iniciamos o estudo pelo processo de constituição da pesquisa até chegar à definição do tema. O assunto é abordado ao longo de quatro capítulos, os quais constituem um conjunto de questões teóricas que objetivam responder às indagações relativas ao processo de evolução do conceito e suas possíveis modificações e implicações na área da educação. Nesse sentido, em primeiro lugar trabalhamos a concepção em estudo a partir de uma perspectiva cronológica, buscando remontar a história do processo de construção do conceito. No segundo capítulo a análise ocorre numa visão lógica, referindo-se a um tipo de organização em períodos, levada a efeito por diferentes autores, sobre a obra de Jean Piaget. A questão da lógica corresponde àquela adotada pelo pesquisador. No terceiro capítulo fazemos uma leitura articuladora entre as visões cronológica e lógica na busca de suas intersecções. No quarto capítulo, por fim, discutimos as questões relativas ao construtivismo, a partir do entendimento de diferentes autores, seus efeitos e implicações na educação. Concluímos que é necessário continuar investigando as relações entre construtivismo e Epistemologia Genética, na medida em que a compreensão sobre o processo de aprender articulase com a concepção de desenvolvimento. Para constituir novas bases pedagógicas precisamos de espírito de abertura para novas possibilidades de indagação. / The concept of development in Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology point of view is the main idea of this work. This study begins by the process of constitution of the research until the definition of the theme. The subject is approached across four chapters, the ones which constitute an assemble of theoretical queries that objectify to answer questions related to the process of evolution of the concept and possible modifications and implications in education. Therein, first the concept in question is worked from a chronological view, trying to go back in the history of the process of constitution of the concept. In the second chapter, the analysis occur in a logical view, by referring to a kind of periodical organization, accomplished by different authors, about Jean Piaget’s work. The logic issue corresponds to the one used by the researcher. In the third chapter, logical and chronological visions are articulated in search of their intersections. In the fourth chapter, at last, questions related to constructivism are discussed from the understanding of distinct authors, its effects and implications in Education. Is concluded that is necessary to keep searching the connection between constructivism and Genetic Epistemology, in step that comprehension about the learning process link up with the concept of knowledge. To establish new pedagogical foundations an open spirit is needed in order to investigate new possibilities.

O conceito de desenvolvimento a partir da ótica da Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget é o tema central deste trabalho. Iniciamos o estudo pelo processo de constituição da pesquisa até chegar à definição do tema. O assunto é abordado ao longo de quatro capítulos, os quais constituem um conjunto de questões teóricas que objetivam responder às indagações relativas ao processo de evolução do conceito e suas possíveis modificações e implicações na área da educação. Nesse sentido, em primeiro lugar trabalhamos a concepção em estudo a partir de uma perspectiva cronológica, buscando remontar a história do processo de construção do conceito. No segundo capítulo a análise ocorre numa visão lógica, referindo-se a um tipo de organização em períodos, levada a efeito por diferentes autores, sobre a obra de Jean Piaget. A questão da lógica corresponde àquela adotada pelo pesquisador. No terceiro capítulo fazemos uma leitura articuladora entre as visões cronológica e lógica na busca de suas intersecções. No quarto capítulo, por fim, discutimos as questões relativas ao construtivismo, a partir do entendimento de diferentes autores, seus efeitos e implicações na educação. Concluímos que é necessário continuar investigando as relações entre construtivismo e Epistemologia Genética, na medida em que a compreensão sobre o processo de aprender articulase com a concepção de desenvolvimento. Para constituir novas bases pedagógicas precisamos de espírito de abertura para novas possibilidades de indagação. / The concept of development in Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology point of view is the main idea of this work. This study begins by the process of constitution of the research until the definition of the theme. The subject is approached across four chapters, the ones which constitute an assemble of theoretical queries that objectify to answer questions related to the process of evolution of the concept and possible modifications and implications in education. Therein, first the concept in question is worked from a chronological view, trying to go back in the history of the process of constitution of the concept. In the second chapter, the analysis occur in a logical view, by referring to a kind of periodical organization, accomplished by different authors, about Jean Piaget’s work. The logic issue corresponds to the one used by the researcher. In the third chapter, logical and chronological visions are articulated in search of their intersections. In the fourth chapter, at last, questions related to constructivism are discussed from the understanding of distinct authors, its effects and implications in Education. Is concluded that is necessary to keep searching the connection between constructivism and Genetic Epistemology, in step that comprehension about the learning process link up with the concept of knowledge. To establish new pedagogical foundations an open spirit is needed in order to investigate new possibilities.

A foco desta tese acontece sobre o processo de concepção e de implementação de um projeto com financiamento multilateral, sendo realizada uma análise das relações sociais e políticas entre os Governos Brasileiros e os Bancos Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento (BMDs). O objetivo principal é compreender o arranjo institucional dos BMDs e do Estado Brasileiro e suas implicações no processo de planejamento territorial, a partir do caso do Estado do Ceará. A pesquisa teórica passa primeiramente pela análise da evolução do conceito de desenvolvimento, destacando as interpretações dadas pelas instituições globais de poder, iluminando o fundamental papel dos BMDs na construção e na disseminação de uma compreensão global de desenvolvimento. É discutido também o entrelaçamento dos BMDs com as políticas de desenvolvimento do Brasil desde meados do século XX até a primeira década do século XXI. Para a pesquisa empírica foram escolhidos três projetos de desenvolvimento territorial ainda em fase de implementação pelo Governo do Ceará, financiados individualmente pelos Banco Mundial, Banco Interamericano (BID), Corporação Andina de Fomento (CAF). A análise desses projetos reforçou o argumento de que a década de 1990 foi uma década de alinhamento entre os governos brasileiros e os BMDs, o que, no caso particular do Estado do Ceará, deu-se harmoniosamente, a partir do \"Governo das Mudanças\" (1987-2006), com o início da sistematização do planejamento territorial no Ceará. Os BMDs, além de financiadores, foram responsáveis por grande parte da metodologia de planejamento aplicada hoje no Estado do Ceará. A compreensão do papel que o Brasil representa para as instituições financeiras multilaterais foi fundamental para a reflexão sobre a mudança de relacionamento entre o Estado Brasileiro e os Bancos Multilaterais no início do século XXI, iluminando que não somente os BMDs são importantes para o Brasil, como também o Brasil transformou-se em um importante \"player\" na arquitetura do financiamento multilateral. Isso ocorre tanto pelo seu peso financeiro, como também por se configurar um grande território de geração e exportação de best practices. As entrevistas com funcionários dos bancos e com servidores públicos do Governo do Estado conformaram o método fundamental desta tese. Outros caminhos consistiram na análise de dados primários fornecidos pelas Unidades de Gerenciamento de Projeto e adquiridos nos sites dos bancos. / The focus of this thesis is on the process of planning and of implementation of a project with multilateral financing, analyzing social and political relations between Brazilian governments and the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). The main objective is to understand the institutional arrangement of the MDBs and the Brazilian State and its implications in the spatial planning process, from the case of the State of Ceara. Firstly the theoretical research approaches the evolution of the concept of development, highlighting the interpretations given by global institutions of power, sheding light on the fundamental role of the MDBs in the construction and the dissemination of a global understanding of development. The interweaving of the MDBs with Brazil\'s development policies is also discussed, from the mid-twentieth century to the first decade of twenty-first century. For the empirical research, three spatial development projects, still under implementation by Government of Ceara, were selected, which are individually financed by the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Andean Development Corporation (CAF). The analysis of these projects reinforced the argument that the 1990s were a decade of alignment between the Brazilian governments and the MDBs. In the particular case of the State of Ceara, it has harmoniously occurred, from the \"Government of Changes\" (1987-2006), with the start of the systematization of the spatial planning. The MDBs, as well as financiers, were responsible for much of the planning methodology applied today in the State of Ceara. The understanding of the role that Brazil represents for the multilateral financial institutions was fundamental for the reflection on the change of relationship between the Brazilian State and the Multilateral Banks in the early 21st century, enlightening that not only the MDBs are important for Brazil, but also because Brazil has become an important player in the architecture of multilateral financing. This is due both to its financial influence and to consist in a great territory for the generation and export of best practices. Interviews with bank employees and public servants of Ceara are the fundamental method of this thesis. Other paths are the analysis of primary data provided by the project management units and on banks\' websites.

A foco desta tese acontece sobre o processo de concepção e de implementação de um projeto com financiamento multilateral, sendo realizada uma análise das relações sociais e políticas entre os Governos Brasileiros e os Bancos Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento (BMDs). O objetivo principal é compreender o arranjo institucional dos BMDs e do Estado Brasileiro e suas implicações no processo de planejamento territorial, a partir do caso do Estado do Ceará. A pesquisa teórica passa primeiramente pela análise da evolução do conceito de desenvolvimento, destacando as interpretações dadas pelas instituições globais de poder, iluminando o fundamental papel dos BMDs na construção e na disseminação de uma compreensão global de desenvolvimento. É discutido também o entrelaçamento dos BMDs com as políticas de desenvolvimento do Brasil desde meados do século XX até a primeira década do século XXI. Para a pesquisa empírica foram escolhidos três projetos de desenvolvimento territorial ainda em fase de implementação pelo Governo do Ceará, financiados individualmente pelos Banco Mundial, Banco Interamericano (BID), Corporação Andina de Fomento (CAF). A análise desses projetos reforçou o argumento de que a década de 1990 foi uma década de alinhamento entre os governos brasileiros e os BMDs, o que, no caso particular do Estado do Ceará, deu-se harmoniosamente, a partir do \"Governo das Mudanças\" (1987-2006), com o início da sistematização do planejamento territorial no Ceará. Os BMDs, além de financiadores, foram responsáveis por grande parte da metodologia de planejamento aplicada hoje no Estado do Ceará. A compreensão do papel que o Brasil representa para as instituições financeiras multilaterais foi fundamental para a reflexão sobre a mudança de relacionamento entre o Estado Brasileiro e os Bancos Multilaterais no início do século XXI, iluminando que não somente os BMDs são importantes para o Brasil, como também o Brasil transformou-se em um importante \"player\" na arquitetura do financiamento multilateral. Isso ocorre tanto pelo seu peso financeiro, como também por se configurar um grande território de geração e exportação de best practices. As entrevistas com funcionários dos bancos e com servidores públicos do Governo do Estado conformaram o método fundamental desta tese. Outros caminhos consistiram na análise de dados primários fornecidos pelas Unidades de Gerenciamento de Projeto e adquiridos nos sites dos bancos. / The focus of this thesis is on the process of planning and of implementation of a project with multilateral financing, analyzing social and political relations between Brazilian governments and the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). The main objective is to understand the institutional arrangement of the MDBs and the Brazilian State and its implications in the spatial planning process, from the case of the State of Ceara. Firstly the theoretical research approaches the evolution of the concept of development, highlighting the interpretations given by global institutions of power, sheding light on the fundamental role of the MDBs in the construction and the dissemination of a global understanding of development. The interweaving of the MDBs with Brazil\'s development policies is also discussed, from the mid-twentieth century to the first decade of twenty-first century. For the empirical research, three spatial development projects, still under implementation by Government of Ceara, were selected, which are individually financed by the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Andean Development Corporation (CAF). The analysis of these projects reinforced the argument that the 1990s were a decade of alignment between the Brazilian governments and the MDBs. In the particular case of the State of Ceara, it has harmoniously occurred, from the \"Government of Changes\" (1987-2006), with the start of the systematization of the spatial planning. The MDBs, as well as financiers, were responsible for much of the planning methodology applied today in the State of Ceara. The understanding of the role that Brazil represents for the multilateral financial institutions was fundamental for the reflection on the change of relationship between the Brazilian State and the Multilateral Banks in the early 21st century, enlightening that not only the MDBs are important for Brazil, but also because Brazil has become an important player in the architecture of multilateral financing. This is due both to its financial influence and to consist in a great territory for the generation and export of best practices. Interviews with bank employees and public servants of Ceara are the fundamental method of this thesis. Other paths are the analysis of primary data provided by the project management units and on banks\' websites.

This thesis shows the analysis and understanding of the locality Brno – Cerveny kopec and the subsequent drafting of a new urban fabric new urban fabric, which is used mainly for housing. The new proposal responds to the surrounding buildings and terrain slope. Complements, so that shaped the existing buildings one and emphasized the quality of the desired. location. There is an emphasis on high quality living close to green

Während die landläufigen Vorstellungen von „Bibliothek“ bislang beunruhigend statisch bleiben, erzwingen die fortschreitende Digitalisierung von Medien und die Mobilisierung des Mediengebrauchs längst neue Bedeutungsinhalte. In Fachkreisen entwickelt sich die Idee service- und erlebnisorientierter Lernräume anstelle des klassischen Medienspeichers zu einem gängigen Leitbild. Doch wie aussichtsreich ist diese neue Schwerpunktbildung? Und wie wird dieser Anspruch tatsächlich erfüllt und nachhaltig gesichert? Ausgehend von den Umbrüchen in der gesamten Informations- und Medienbranche beschreibt der Beitrag wesentliche Rahmenbedingungen für das Innovationsmanagement in Bibliotheken und die Schlussfolgerungen, die daraus zu ziehen sind. Anschließend werden einige konkrete Entwicklungschancen für physische Bibliotheksorte vorgestellt. / Up to now, the general image of a “library” has remained alarmingly unchanged. But the advancing digitization of media and the mobilization of media use require new meaning and content. Among experts the idea of service- and experience-oriented learning spaces evolves as a common concept, replacing the classical media storehouses. But how promising is this new concept? And how is this claim met and sustainably ensured? Based on changes in the information and media sector, the article describes the general framework for innovation management in libraries and the related conclusions. Subsequently, some concrete development opportunities for physical libraries are presented.

Comment est-ce que les villes anciennes parviennent à se réinséser dans des ensembles urbains？Quels roles les diverses populations en présence jouent-elles dans les phénomènes de recomposition de ces espaces locaux？Est-ce qu’il n’y a que une route de development au monde qui s’appelle mondialisation？C’est à questions sensibles que s’efforce de répondre ce thèse en proposant une analyse minutieuse des multiples processus qui est fonçonné, au cour des dernières vingtaine ans en Chine, la transformation de culture et tradition du Lijiang, situé dans la province de Yunnan, à la marge en Chine. En retraçant ainsi au fil du temps la vie de ce lieu et ses habitants, ce thèse veut entraine dans l’histoire récente en Chine, en meme temps métider la route de development local et le concept de ‘développement’.À la fin, c’est mon analysis sur la base de cette recherche comparative. La réforme et l’ouverture sur le monde extérieur sont exéculté depuis 1978 en Chine, le gouverment s’efforce de developer l’économie. La façon de protéger héritage culture est devenu de plus en plus la manière de developer l’économie. En autre mot, c’est la technique de development dans les lieux locaux et une partie de modernisation (ou mondialisation). Après la guerre mondiale secondaire, modernisation est une trendence principal au monde, par ce thèse, je veux réfléchir sur cette processus de modernisation à nouveau, et analyse la route divisitaire de dévelopment sur la base de les environnements differents. Aujourd’hui, si nous voulons etre inscrits au patrimoine mondial, en un sens, ce n’est pas pour bien le protèger, mais pour profiter de cet honneur et d’un outil pour développer l’économie. Apres etre inscrit au patrimoine mondial, le gouvernement locale a des raisons de demander le support financier au gouvernement central et il a aussi des chances d’attirer les capitaux étrangers pour améliorer les constructions principales. / Lijiang old Town is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, one of the Naxi settlements. Historically, the ancestors of the Naxi and Tibetan, Han, Yi, Bai and other ethnic have lived together in peace, forming its own unique ecological view, and nourishing their own national character, which makes the town own its unspeakable intangible charm in the long history. In 1997, Lijiang Old Town was in the World Heritage List and enters the fast development track. As the result of economic development, the local Naxi culture gradually changes, for example, the ancient city’s commercial atmosphere increasing strong, the outside population coming, the Naxi language usage among the younger generations becoming less and less, the essence of the Dongba culture to be overlooked etc. Based on the above facts, the author tries to explore the Lijiang Old Town as a case from the perspective of the “anthropology of development”. Through collecting data on the basis of the field, compared with the Old City of Lyon, France, the author criticizes the modernist view of development and the excessive use of tools of cultural heritage, highlights our "development" view and cultural heritage awareness bias. The author believes that "development" should be multiple semantics, not just economic growth, including local knowledge. Fading out the cultural heritage as a tool to develop local economy and we should protect the heritage authenticity and integrity, respect different cultures and traditions, and then achieve scientific development and build a harmonious society. Based on the above understanding, the author from the perspective of subjective and objective explores the main viewpoints. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the paper consists of three major parts: In the first part, the author places the town of Lijiang in the scope of a long period of time and space, tracing its history through several important development stages: Tea Horse Road period, the anti-Japanese period in the Second World War and after the inscription. In contrast to the development of the past and today, the author shows some differences from the original Ancient Town’s life to today’s commercial city. In the process, the ancient city has changes from community to modern society, the traditional Naxi culture gradually lost. The second part explores different thoughts on the changes of this Old Town of Lijiang from the ethnographic perspective. Mainly through the interview to a family history of the Naxi and three generations’ oral storytelling who have lived in the ancient city, as well as city managers, Naxi scholars, community workers in Lijiang Old Town, young Naxi generation, ordinary residents, outsiders, and the author own field experiences and feelings, the author tries to show different understandings of the whole changes from the outside to the inside of Lijiang old Town. On this basis, the author reinterpreted the stereotype of the ancient Naxi people. In the third part, the author presents the deviation of understanding of the cultural heritage’s protection and development by comparing Lyon Old Town in France. From the “ anthropology of development”, the paper reflects the tool behavior and misunderstanding in the progress of developing and protecting our country’s old city, that is to say, development means not only developing local economy but also protecting tradition culture and customs, etc.

RESUME The times based on one individual's decision about which school to study to be able to choose further continuous and smooth career path has been over. As a result of current global and local social changes everybody should be prepared to the every possible change in career. Nevertheless the first choice of career is still an important milestone and can direct the individual career, but it is not the only key milestone, that determines the individual career once and for ever. People in contemporary world should be able to respond quickly to constant changes, evaluate new situations and be able to make the right decisions. The widespread myth is that success means to raise money as quickly as possible to guarantee the freedom and happiness. But a real success is a contented life, which is a long way over such values as for example certainty that we are doing the work that we like and which fills us with satisfaction. Individual goal is to focus on the abilities and skills so that the decision directs to such a career path where one will be able to optimally exploit one's potential in a future career. In the beginning of a career path a family as a primary socializing agent and the closest partner institution in the life of the pupil should fulfil its role in close cooperation with the school that...