Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Bedeutung des 1973 zum Patent angemeldeten Seriellen Betonformsteinprogramms als wichtiges und bekanntes Element der sogenannten Ost- und Nachkriegsmoderne. Anhand der gestalterischen Entstehung dieses speziellen seriellen Systems wird auch die Differenz zu anderen Formsteinen deutlich gemacht. Der im Aufbau enthaltene künstlerische Schaffensprozess eröffnet so den Diskurs um die Grenze zwischen Dekor und Kunst, die sich in der DDR gemäß dem Gebot des Sozialistischen Realismus' von der hier vorgeschlagenen Position unterschied.:1. Einleitung 2. Forschungsstand 3. Formsteinelemente im Kontext der Architektur 4. Formsteinwände im Kontext der Produktionsgenossenschaft Bildender Künstler Kunst am Bau in Dresden 5. Die Zusammenarbeit Friedrich Krachts und Karl-Hienz Adlers 5.1 Von der Grafik und der Malerei 5.2 Bis zum Formstein 5.3 Karl-Heinz Adler im Gespräch 6. So funktioniert der serielle Formstein: Optik, Geometrie und Wandelbarkeit des seriellen Betonformsteinprogramms 7. Aufträge, Katalog und Muster, Arbeitsablauf 7.1 Ausblick auf die Rechtslage der Doppelautorenschaft und der Bewertung des Werkes 8. Missing Link: der Baustein zwischen anerkannter Grafik/Malerei und Baugebundener Kunst 9. Fazit 10. Anhang (Interviews, Quellen, Literatur, Internetquellen, Abbildungsnachweise) Selbstständigkeitserklärung

В диссертации представлены характеристики гражданских зданий с высокой уровнем сборности в Китае и проведен анализ научных исследований сборных зданий и в Китае, и за рубежом. Кроме этого, сделан обзор перспективных направлений развития сборных зданий в Китае. Сравнение затрат на строительство и монтаж сборных и монолитных конструкций, сделан вывод о том, что ключевой частью, влияющей на стоимость сборных железобетонных зданий, является стоимость сборных железобетонных компонентов в основной конструкции. / The dissertation presents the characteristics of civil buildings with a high level of assemblage in China and analyzes the scientific research of prefabricated buildings both in China and abroad. In addition, an overview of promising areas for the development of prefabricated buildings in China is made.Comparing the costs of construction and installation of prefabricated and monolithic structures, it is concluded that the key part affecting the cost of prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings is the cost of prefabricated reinforced concrete components in the main structure.

The first part of this diploma thesis is about late and current methods used in Engineering surveys. The theoretical part is focused on description of individual testing methods and their evaluation based on relevant standarts. Detailed description of diagnostic methods is dependent on methods used in a practical part. The practical part is focused on defining of material characteristics of used materials and way of reinforcing of reinforced concrete elements. Based on those defined pieces of information the static recalculation of girder and pile was made.

Purpose: this degree project will examine the possibilities of increasing the structural integrity in case of fire of a preexisting concrete building according to the rules in EKS 11, specifically for a hospital building. Furthermore, the degree project will provide solutions to increase the structural integrity in case of fire. Method: the study is based on a technical report provided by Kadesjös Ingenjörsbyrå AB where information about the hospital buildings technical aspects is presented. To examine current rules for fire-resistance rating of the hospital building, the regulations presented in BBR and EKS 11 were studied. Products had to fulfill the criteria of the European testing standards when they were evaluated as solutions that would increase the structural integrity of the building. The products were then evaluated according to the criteria presented in Eurocode 2 when dimensioning with tabulated data. An interview were held with Michael Försth professor in structural and fire engineering. Professor Försth were asked questions to evaluate potential methods and products that could increase the fire-resistance rating of the hospital building. Results: showed that proposed solutions are able to increase the structural integrity in case of fire of the hospital building to a degree where they were able to fulfill the requirements. Not all solutions were appliable on all building components of the hospital buildings. The difference in technical aspects of the solutions were presented. Conclusions: the identified solutions for increasing the structural integrity in case of fire are rock wool insulation, fire protection paint, additional concrete casting on columns and installation of sprinkler system. The solutions differ in technical aspects such as the space they take when implemented, weight increase when implemented, the amount they increase the structural integrity in case of fire when implemented and the method of implementing the solutions.

Ninety percent of all single-family houses and smaller residential buildings in Sweden are built with timber frames. Though, this figure is different for higher buildings, about twenty percent in timber frames and eighty percent in concrete and steel. However, the knowledge and experience about tall timber houses is limited today and it needs to be developed over the time, both technically and architecturally. Purpose: The wood has a lower E-module than concrete and steel, which cause an additional problem in high-rise buildings of more than eight floors, stability. The measures for this problem can be costly and reduce the living space of the building due to large dimensions of the wooden structure. This project work is based on the challenges that exist around the construction of tall wooden buildings and tries to present a beneficial hybrid solution for the construction of tall houses in wood and concrete. Method: The study object is a multi-story building on ten floors where wood is used in combination with concrete for the frame system. The vertical loads such as self-weight, payload and snow load are carried by the wooden frame. On the other hand, concrete has the task of taking care of the horizontal forces caused by wind loads. The frame system is dimensioned according to the Eurocodes and standard dimensions to ensure the load-bearing capacity of the building. Results: The result reports that two concrete cores in the hybrid building absorb all horizontal forces and loads down to the foundation. These cores can also be used as stair/elevator shafts and will not affect the building's living area. A timber-concrete composite with a thickness of 300 mm, replaced the wooden composite which normally reaches a thickness of 400 to 500 mm. This means a height gain of one to two meters. The columns will get smaller dimensions because of the cores and give more living space. The concrete utilization in that hybrid building decreases by 57 percent, which is a large saving from an environmental perspective. In addition, life cycle analysis, LCA shows that carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2e are 43 percent less in the hybrid framework. Conclusion: The hybrid multi-stories houses of concrete and wood can be a useful alternative for increasing construction of wooden houses. A concrete core in the middle of building helps the construction to become more stable and the swaying due to wind loads be minimized. Furthermore, the columns can have smaller dimensions, which increases the living space in the building. The timber-concrete composite gives the building more weight and solves the step sound problem that arises due to low E-module on the wooden flooring. Additionally, the height of the building decreases, which in turn leads to buildings being able to have more stories and more living space. Moreover, through hybrid solutions in buildings, the environmental benefits of wood can be utilized to build environmentally friendly buildings. The ten-stories hybrid framework in this study, saves 43 percent CO2e compared to the corresponding framework in concrete.

El objetivo de esta Tesis es el diseño de algoritmos robustos y flexibles que permitan automatizar el diseño óptimo de los pórticos de hormigón armado habitualmente empleados en edificación y extraer conclusiones generales sobre las estructuras optimizadas. El trabajo define un esquema general para la optimización monoobjetivo (coste económico) y multiobjetivo de estas estructuras que es aplicado a pórticos planos con un máximo de 153 variables. Entre ellas figuran seis calidades diferentes de hormigón. Para minimizar el coste económico se prueban cinco métodos heurísticos: una Estrategia de Saltos Múltiples Aleatorios (RW), el Gradiente First Best (FB), la Cristalización Simulada (SA), la Aceptación por Umbrales (TA) y los Algoritmos Genéticos (GA). Estas técnicas se utilizan en una primera fase para optimizar un pórtico de dos vanos y cuatro plantas sometido a acciones verticales y horizontables. La versión desarrollada de SA proporciona el diseño de mayor calidad, cuyo coste es de 3473.06 . Los mejores proyectos obtenidos mediante las variantes creadas de TA, FB, GA y RW tienen costes mínimos superiores en un 0.52%, 5.74%, 8.69% y un 124.6% respectivamente. Por estos motivos se elige SA para, en una segunda fase, optimizar económicamente otros pórticos de dos vanos y dos, seis y ocho plantas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten proponer reglas para el predimensionamiento de las estructuras optimizadas y automatizar la elección de los parámetros del algoritmo SA, lo que evita largos procesos de ensayo y error. Se comprueba que los estados límites habitualmente empleados en el diseño de esta tipología estructural son también suficientes para comprobar la seguridad de las estructuras optimizadas. Asimismo se investiga la repercusión económica del empleo de un único tipo de hormigón (un HA-25 con resistencia de proyecto a compresión igual a 25 MPa) y de la utilización de vigas planas en lugar de descolgadas. En el caso del pórtico de ocho plantas, el uso exclusivo / Payá Zaforteza, IJ. (2007). Optimización heuristica de pórticos de edificación de hormigón armado [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4161 / Palancia

The part of the construction project "Reconstruction of the realization of the bridge at Planá" is elaborated. These are in particular the following: technical report for the construction tech-nological project, object time schedule of the construction, study of the implementation of the main technological stages of construction, project of the building site and implementation of the reinforced concrete structures.

The main purpose of thesis is a static solution of load bearing reinforced concrete structure of flat house. The work contains an assessment of waterproof concrete building. The object is built under the groundwater level. Supporting structures are concrete slab, walls and columns. An assessment of these structures is realized in terms of first critical state- carrying capacity and second limit state- limitation of crack widths.

The main theme of this diploma thesis is a building survey and diagnostics of a reinforced concrete construction. In the first, theoretical part the focus lies on a description of each method for testing constructions and their evaluation. The second, practical part focuses mainly on finding of material characteristics and reinforcement of particular parts of the construction. On basis of obtained information, the final part of this paper focuses on static assessment of chosen parts of the construction.