Submitted by André Repizo Marques null (andre_repizo@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-15T21:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Interpretações da música de Ernesto Nazareth.pdf: 9010999 bytes, checksum: 20ee7a255dc41896bc0cd69b3d8fa928 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-22T18:21:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_ar_me_ia.pdf: 9010999 bytes, checksum: 20ee7a255dc41896bc0cd69b3d8fa928 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T18:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_ar_me_ia.pdf: 9010999 bytes, checksum: 20ee7a255dc41896bc0cd69b3d8fa928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação tem por propósito investigar a diversidade de interpretações da obra de Ernesto Nazareth, cuja performance tem sido realizada tanto por pianistas eruditos como por rodas de choro. Tal diversidade nos leva a algumas questões que permeiam este trabalho: quais são as ferramentas auditivas e interpretativas de que dispomos para fruição e construção de uma performance das músicas de Nazareth? Tais ferramentas existem em função da obra escrita ou do ambiente, da instrumentação ou do meio social em que a música é tocada? Como era atuação de Nazareth como pianista e compositor? Como era a prática musical dos pianistas desse período? O que nós temos que levar em conta a partir da história da música popular urbana do Rio de Janeiro para abordar essa música? Para tanto, o trabalho analisa a interpretação de quatro músicos: Jacob do Bandolim, na gravação da música Confidências; Carolina Cardozo de Menezes com seu arranjo para Odeon; Hércules Gomes com seu arranjo de Odeon; e Sônia Rubinsky, na gravação de Batuque. Ainda nesta investigação, a presente pesquisa estuda o período em que Ernesto Nazareth compôs suas músicas e a relação do compositor com os grupos de choro. / The present dissertation aims to investigate the diversity of Ernesto Nazareth interpretations, whose music has been performed by classical pianists and choro groups. Such diversity leads us to some questions that permeate this work: what are the auditory and interpretative tools available to us to enjoy and build a performance of Nazareth’s music? Do such tools exist in function of the written music or the environment, instrumentation or social surroundings in which the music is played? How was Nazareth acting as a pianist and composer? How was the musical practice of the pianists of this period? What do we have to take into account from the history of popular urban music in Rio de Janeiro to address this song? Therefore, the work analyzes the interpretation of four musicians: Jacob do Bandolim, on the recording of the song Confidências; Carolina Cardozo de Menezes on her arrangement for Odeon; Hercules Gomes on his arrangement for Odeon; and Sônia Rubinsky, on the recording of Batuque. Still in this investigation, the present research studies the period in which Ernesto Nazareth composed his songs and the relation of composer with choro groups.

Over the last decade, neural networks have reached almost every field of science and technology. They have become a crucial part of various real-world applications, such as medical imaging. Still, their deployment in safety-critical applications remains limited owing to their inability to provide reliable uncertainty estimates and frequently occurring overconfident predictions, which is normally the case in modern neural networks possessing a substantial number of layers. In this thesis, we leverage the capability of data mining algorithms like density clustering to explain the behavior of a medical image classifier responsible for classifying white blood cells. We know that any clustering algorithm acts on the feature vector of the input data and annotates the data into different clusters as per the features. In this work, we lay down and prove the hypothesis that the output discrete probability matrix of a multi-class classification problem can be used as a feature vector where the confidence value of every class can be considered as a degree of resemblance with that class. Before implementing clustering, one needs to make sure that these confidence values represent actual probabilities so that they can be used as features; hence certain calibration techniques were incorporated to improve the calibration of the network first. Having a better calibrated medical classifier, density clustering was implemented, which generated results that provided solid arguments to justify the behavior of the network. As far as the use case of this method is concerned, it was observed that we could identify pathologies like myelodysplastic syndromes, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a patient. This was possible due to the presence of the same class of White blood cells in multiple clusters indicating the presence of subpopulations separated into healthy and pathological cells of the same class depending upon the pathology that needs to be detected. This was proved visually by mapping cluster points to actual cell images and quantitatively as well by using entropy as a method of quantifying uncertainty. This method showed that there is a lot of information embedded in the output probability matrix. Hence one can employ various data mining techniques to extract more information and not just limit themselves to misclassifications and confusion matrices. / Under det senaste decenniet har neurala nätverk nått nästan alla områden inom vetenskap och teknik. De har blivit en avgörande del av olika verkliga tillämpningar, såsom medicinsk bildbehandling. Ändå förblir deras användning i säkerhetskritiska applikationer begränsad på grund av deras oförmåga att tillhandahålla tillförlitliga osäkerhetsuppskattningar och ofta förekommande övermodiga förutsägelser, vilket normalt är fallet i moderna neurala nätverk som har ett stort antal lager. I den här avhandlingen utnyttjar vi förmågan hos datautvinningsalgoritmer som densitetsklustring för att förklara beteendet hos en medicinsk bildklassificerare som är ansvarig för att klassificera vita blodkroppar. Vi vet att alla klustringsalgoritmer verkar på funktionsvektorn för indata och annoterar data i olika kluster enligt funktionerna. I detta arbete lägger vi ner och bevisar hypotesen att den utgående diskreta sannolikhetsmatrisen för ett klassificeringsproblem med flera klasser kan användas som en egenskapsvektor där konfidensvärdet för varje klass kan betraktas som en grad av likhet med den klassen. Innan man implementerar klustring måste man se till att dessa konfidensvärden representerar faktiska sannolikheter så att de kan användas som funktioner; därför införlivades vissa kalibreringstekniker för att först förbättra kalibreringen av nätverket. Med en bättre kalibrerad medicinsk klassificerare implementerades densitetsklustring, vilket genererade resultat som gav solida argument för att motivera nätverkets beteende. När det gäller användningsfallet för denna metod, observerades det att vi kunde identifiera patologier som myelodysplastiska syndrom, akut lymfatisk leukemi och kronisk myelomonocytisk leukemi hos en patient. Detta var möjligt på grund av närvaron av samma klass av vita blodkroppar i flera kluster, vilket indikerar närvaron av subpopulationer separerade i friska och patologiska celler av samma klass beroende på vilken patologi som behöver detekteras. Detta bevisades visuellt genom att kartlägga klusterpunkter till faktiska cellbilder och kvantitativt också genom att använda entropi som en metod för att kvantifiera osäkerhet. Denna metod visade att det finns mycket information inbäddad i utmatningssannolikhetsmatrisen. Därför kan man använda olika datautvinningstekniker för att extrahera mer information och inte bara begränsa sig till felklassificeringar och förvirringsmatriser.

L’écoute aux portes est un élément du théâtre français qui n’a pas souvent retenu l’attention de la critique, qui tend à le concidérer comme un simple subterfuge utile au développement et à la résolution de l’intrigue. Ce mémoire cherchera donc à combler ce manque d’attention, en portant sur l’intérêt scénique particulier que représente l’écoute aux portes dans Tartuffe de Molière, Le Jeu de l’amour et du hasard ainsi que Les Fausses Confidences de Marivaux et On ne badine pas avec l’amour de Musset. Après avoir défini ce que l’on entend par le terme « écoute aux portes », nous nous demanderons qui écoute, dans quels lieux, ce qui motive les curieux et si l’on peut voir dans l’écoute aux portes autre chose plus qu’un simple subterfuge, qu’une simple excuse qui permet aux « oreilles indiscrètes » de partager ce qui normalement leur serait resté inconnu.