Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-09T15:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDWFC.pdf: 2344854 bytes, checksum: 2cad1673706f9d12bdc52607eab6dd15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:23:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDWFC.pdf: 2344854 bytes, checksum: 2cad1673706f9d12bdc52607eab6dd15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T17:24:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDWFC.pdf: 2344854 bytes, checksum: 2cad1673706f9d12bdc52607eab6dd15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T17:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDWFC.pdf: 2344854 bytes, checksum: 2cad1673706f9d12bdc52607eab6dd15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Não recebi financiamento / This work is about the existence of a use of só que não, variant of só que, which, in essence, expresses speaker’s irony with respect to a preceding proposition. Our object of study originated from the internet, as numerous other expressions, what shows the innovative and refreshing role of the World Wide Web on language uses. By breaking paradigms, the Internet slang has been responsible for promoting several discussions about the degree of its influence on the writing of those still in school age. However, meeting place even in strong groups of newspaper or magazine, with national circulation, the expression só que não consists of more a case of grammaticalization. Concerning different ways of só que não occurrence, once it can appear only with its initials, for example (#)SQN, we based on Longhin-Thomazi’s study (2003a, 2003b) to analyze its behavior on syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and textual aspects, given our hypothesis was prove it as a expression with conjunction role. Therefore, we adopt a methodology that considers effective use of the language, as is usual in functionalist studies, aiming to describe real events synchronously. We thus count on the WebCorp, which can, by offering a series of filters and contextualizing redeemed occurrences, be considered a versatile tool in the search for occurrences (CAMARGO, 2012). In this sense, our analysis criteria, which are (i) position of the expression, (ii) its denial and setback, (iii) its irony, and (iv) its association with several textual genres, allowed us to achieve the following results: the expression prefers locate itself always after some textual portion, what means that só que não acts over a piece of information located immediately before of it; all of our occurrences emphasize that both expectations drop and irony are product of its presence; and its recurrence on texts from column, opinion article and editorial genres mainly. It is concluded then that the expression has suffered action of grammaticalization as a conjunction, according to Hopper’s study (1991), by confirming our initial hypothesis. / Este trabalho diz respeito à existência de um uso de só que não, variante de só que, que, em sua essência, expressa a ironia do falante com relação a uma proposição imediatamente anterior. Vale dizer que nosso objeto de estudo, ao que tudo indica, originou-se da internet, como inúmeras outras expressões, o que evidencia, então, o papel inovador e renovador da rede mundial de computadores sobre os usos linguísticos. Prova cabal disso é o fato de, ao quebrar paradigmas, o internetês ser responsável pela promoção de diversas discussões a respeito de seu grau de influência na escrita daqueles ainda em idade escolar. Além do universo cibernético, a locução tem encontrado lugar até mesmo em grandes jornais, de circulação nacional, o que demonstra sua versatilidade para transitar entre diferentes contextos e adequar-se a diferentes modalidades da língua. Tendo em vista o caráter de só que não, cuja representação, em alguns casos, se faz presente pela mera indicação de suas iniciais, a saber, (#)SQN, procedemos, com base na caracterização funcional da perífrase conjuncional só que, de Longhin-Thomazi (2003a, 2003b), a uma investigação que descreve nosso objeto de estudo nos aspectos sintático, semântico, pragmático e discursivo-textual e que, por conseguinte, o classifica de locução conjuncional de contraexpectativa com valor negativo, a hipótese inicial. Para tanto, adotamos uma metodologia que considera o uso efetivo da língua, como é de praxe nos estudos funcionalistas, com dados obtidos sincronicamente, visando a descrever ocorrências reais. Contamos, desse modo, com o WebCorp, que, por oferecer uma série de filtros e contextualizar as ocorrências resgatadas, apresentando-as de maneira adaptada a qualquer que seja a análise de mesma natureza, mostra-se uma ferramenta sobremodo versátil na busca de casos (CAMARGO, 2012), e valemo-nos dos seguintes critérios avaliativos: (i) posição da construção, (ii) quebra de expectativas, (iii) veiculação de ironia e (iv) associação a diferentes gêneros textuais. Nesse tocante, nossos achados evidenciam a preferência da expressão pela posposição, já que sua atuação incide sempre sobre a porção textual anterior; a presença inerente tanto da contraexpectativa quanto da ironia; e sua recorrência também em gêneros como coluna, artigo de opinião e editorial principalmente. Assim, confirma-se a nossa hipótese inicial, por se tratar mesmo de uma locução conjuncional em estágios iniciais de gramaticalização, de acordo com Hopper (1991).

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the combination of concrete merged with textiles. Furthermore, it investigates exchanging the characteristics of these contrasting materials. Consequently, the work shows the reciprocal influence of both textile and concrete to each other. The resulting final collection presents six pieces with the main intention to present different expressions of flexibility. These appear through the interaction of textile and concrete, with the textile providing the flexibility. Depending on the precise characteristics of the used textiles, the flexibility can be shown through the tension in a fabric, the ability to be squeezed or the movement. A subsequent range of experiments investigates techniques, methods and material qualities to prove, that the required effects of the end result can be fulfilled. The crucial factors are the textile materials, the connection between concrete and textile and the treatment of the resulting surface or object. Depending on which way the crucial components are fused, a variety of expressions in the results can be accomplished. These can be described as rather organic through to geometric, and also depends whether the piece is in motion. The outcomes provide an overview of design possibilities, of incorporating such contrasting materials to create different properties and unexpected characteristics in each piece. Based on the final results, it can be concluded that the major objective, to explore design possibilities through a reciprocal interaction of textile and concrete, gives a strong and impressive expression. The approach of this relatively broad research is nevertheless important for the textile field. Therefore, it suggests further exploration, using the results as a foundation and narrow it down by focusing on specific factors.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Visando ao aprimoramento do ensino de produção de textos no curso médio, examina-se nesta tese em dissertações argumentativas de vestibulandos o uso equivocado (ou o equivocado não-uso) de conjunções e equivalentes como introdutores de teses, argumentos, concessões e restrições. A análise do corpus revelou um elevado índice de correlações sindéticas mal formuladas, entre esses constituintes textuais, bem como do assindetismo inadequado, características que comprometem, ora localmente, ora globalmente, a coerência do texto. Na análise, levou-se em conta o contrato de comunicação da dissertação escolar na situação comunicativa específica do exame de seleção para ingresso na universidade. / Aiming at to the improvement of the education of production of texts in the high school course, it is examined in this thesis in argumentative dissertations of students the mistaken (or the erroneous no-use) of conjunctions and equivalents as introductory of theses, arguments, concessions and restrictions. The analysis of corpus disclosed a high index of syndetic correlations badly formulated, between these textual constituents, as well as of inadequate asyndeticism, characteristics that compromise, one moment local, the next globally, the coherence of the text. In the analysis, it was taken into consideration the contract of communication of the school dissertation in the specific communicative situation of the university entrance examination

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Visando ao aprimoramento do ensino de produção de textos no curso médio, examina-se nesta tese em dissertações argumentativas de vestibulandos o uso equivocado (ou o equivocado não-uso) de conjunções e equivalentes como introdutores de teses, argumentos, concessões e restrições. A análise do corpus revelou um elevado índice de correlações sindéticas mal formuladas, entre esses constituintes textuais, bem como do assindetismo inadequado, características que comprometem, ora localmente, ora globalmente, a coerência do texto. Na análise, levou-se em conta o contrato de comunicação da dissertação escolar na situação comunicativa específica do exame de seleção para ingresso na universidade. / Aiming at to the improvement of the education of production of texts in the high school course, it is examined in this thesis in argumentative dissertations of students the mistaken (or the erroneous no-use) of conjunctions and equivalents as introductory of theses, arguments, concessions and restrictions. The analysis of corpus disclosed a high index of syndetic correlations badly formulated, between these textual constituents, as well as of inadequate asyndeticism, characteristics that compromise, one moment local, the next globally, the coherence of the text. In the analysis, it was taken into consideration the contract of communication of the school dissertation in the specific communicative situation of the university entrance examination

A presente dissertação tem por objetivos identificar os contextos de uso da conjunção beziehungsweise (bzw.) em textos escritos da língua alemã e estabelecer possíveis correspondências em português. A problemática levantada é a da expressão da alternatividade, sendo que o alemão possui uma palavra específica (beziehungsweise) para marcar situações que não são diferenciadas sintática e semanticamente em português. Para tanto, foi elaborado um corpus com 104 ocorrências autênticas de uso de bzw. retirados do site Wortschatz (Universidade de Leipzig, Alemanha), composto em sua grande maioria de exemplos provenientes da revista alemã Der Spiegel. Os exemplos foram traduzidos para o português e revisados por uma tradutora profissional. As ocorrências assim traduzidas foram agrupadas segundo as três possibilidades de uso de bzw. indicadas no Langenscheidt Grosswörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache (2003), bem como segundo as suas traduções para o português. Todos os três tipos de uso estão representados no corpus. O tipo que expressa relação biunívoca, apesar de apresentar a menor freqüência de uso, é o mais homogêneo em termos de tradução para o português. O tipo com segunda maior freqüência é o de precisão da informação, no qual bzw. assume o papel de um focalizador, expandindo ou restringindo o foco da informação. O tipo de maior ocorrência expressa a alternatividade propriamente dita, sendo que bzw. pode ser usado para relacionar alternativas excludentes ou não excludentes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, em português, as traduções mais apropriadas para beziehungsweise, de acordo com sua freqüência de uso, são as conjunções e, ou e o advérbio respectivamente. No entanto, os usos da conjunção beziehungsweise em alemão atualmente não se restringem às correspondências indicadas nos dicionários bilíngües alemão-português. / This study intends to identify contexts of usage of the conjunction beziehungsweise (bzw.) in written texts in German language and establish possible correspondences in Portuguese. The issue raised is the expression of coordination of alternatives. German has a specific word (beziehunghsweise) to mark situations that are not differentiated syntactically and semantically in Portuguese. Therefore, a corpus comprising 104 authentic items was compiled from the site Wortschatz (Leipzig University, Germany), most of which from the magazine Der Spiegel. The examples were translated into Portuguese and reviewed by a professional translator. The translated samples were separated into groups according to three possibilities of usage of the conjunction presented in the Langenscheidt Grosswörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache (2003) and their translation into Portuguese. All three types of usage are represented in the corpus. The type that expresses a one-to-one relation, despite presenting the smallest frequency in the corpus, is the most homogeneous referring to Portuguese translation and meaning. The second most frequent type is one that details information, in which bzw. plays a role in order to focus the information, expanding or limiting its focus. The most frequent type expresses in fact the alternative coordination, with beziehungsweise connecting either excluding or non-excluding alternatives. The results showed that the most appropriate translation of beziehungsweise into Portuguese, according to its usage frequency, are the conjunctions e (and), ou (or) and the adverb respectivamente (respectively). However, the usage of the conjunction beziehungsweise in current German is not limited to its meanings as presented in bilingual German-Portuguese dictionaries.

According to the conjunction rule of probability theory, a conjunction of events cannot be more probable than either conjunct. However, participants often violate this rule in experimental settings, thus committing the conjunction fallacy. Why do participants commit this fallacy? One hypothesis suggests that participants interpret a task-critical statement designating the event A as designating the event A&notB. If so, participants do not commit the conjunction fallacy. Another hypothesis suggests that participants fail to take task-relevant relations of set inclusion into account when judging probabilities. Both hypotheses were tested in an experiment utilizing a between-subjects design with 145 participants. The results, analyzed using Bayes factors, provide evidence for the null hypothesis in both cases, thus suggesting that neither hypothesis explains the fallacy. However, the unexpectedly low prevalence of the fallacy in the baseline group may have masked the true effects of the manipulations.

This study investigates clause complexing and conjunctive explicitation in a speciallycompiled corpus consisting of two sets of Arabic translations and comparable non-translatedArabic texts both produced by the same translators/authors in the domainsof history and philosophy. Focusing on certain types of conjunctive markers, thisstudy seeks to find lexico-grammatical evidence of one of the translation-specificfeatures, i.e. features typical of translated language, in these selected target texts,using both parallel and comparable corpora.Adopting a Systemic Functional approach for analyzing logico-semantic relationsbetween clauses, clause complexes and sequences in Arabic, the study examinessome causal and concessive conjunctions and conjunctive Adjuncts in Arabictranslated and non-translated texts, and contrasts these with their English counterpartswith a view to identifying recurrent patterns or trends of 'explicitation', one of thefeatures that are arguably typical of translated texts.Baker (1996) suggests a number of translation-specific features, which manifestthemselves in translated texts on lexical and syntactic levels, and seem to be typicalof translated language in general. Evidence of one such posited feature, namelyexplicitation, is sought in the selected translators' handling of structural and textualconjunctive expressions in the English source texts. Thus, the primary aim of thepresent study is twofold: to examine from a systemic functional perspectivedifferences in the patterns of instantiation of clause complexing and conjunctiverelations in English source texts, their Arabic translations and Arabic non-translationsauthored by the same translators; and to investigate whether, and to what extent, thesedifferences are attributable to explicitation as a translation-specific feature.The originality of this study stems first from its focus on Arabic, thus addressing aconspicuous gap in corpus-based research on translation-specific features, which hasso far been largely confined to Indo-European languages. Secondly, being theorydriven,and specifically embedded in a systemic functional framework, the conceptionof explicitation adopted in this study constitutes a departure from the taxonomicapproach characteristic of a large body of literature on explicitation, which is neitherinformed nor motivated by a coherent theoretical framework, with the result that itoften engenders a flat model of description and classification, with vague overlappingcategories. Confirming the findings of earlier studies on explicitation, this study hasrevealed a tendency of explicitation features to cluster in various metafunctionalenvironments, with the overall effect of reducing vagueness or complexity, avoidingambiguity, and enhancing comprehensibility through enhanced conjunctivecohesiveness, reinforcement, expanded simplification or unpacking of complexconstructions.

Key words: connective, concession, concessive adverb, concessive connective, compétition Abstract: The diploma thesis "Les connecteurs concessifs pourtant, cependant, toutefois, néanmoins, quand même, tout de même" consists of three parts. The goal of the first part was to explain the notion of "concessive connective" (connecteur concessif) in a synchronic perspective. This first part consists on one hand in an attempt to explain the concessive relation (concession), on the other in a definition of the category of concessive connectives used in temporary French. The second part of this diploma thesis is dedicated to a diachronic and quantity-based study of the examined quasi-synonyms for the purpose of clarification of their frequency and competition regarding their usage down to the present day. In addition to these two parts, we reflect in the third part on the current use of concessive connectives, i.e. their use in contemporary written, spoken and pseudo-spoken language (on the Internet).

Le but de cette étude est de vérifier l'apport de la stéréoscopie dans le phénomène de la constance de forme. La méthode utilisée consiste à mesurer la performance de différents participants (temps de réponse et de taux d'erreurs) à une tâche de prospection visuelle. Quatre groupes de participants ont effectué la tâche. Le premier groupe a été exposé à une présentation stéréoscopique des stimuli, le deuxième groupe à une présentation des stimuli en stéréoscopie inversée (la disparité binoculaire était inversée), le troisième groupe à des stimuli comprenant une information de texture, mais sans stéréoscopie et le quatrième groupe à des stimuli bi-dimensionnels, sans texture. Une interaction entre les effets de rotation (points de vue familiers vs. points de vue non familiers) et le type d'information de profondeur disponible (stéréoscopie, stéréoscopie inversée, texture ou ombrage) a été mise en évidence, le coût de rotation étant plus faible au sein du groupe exposé à une présentation en stéréoscopie inversée. Ces résultats appuient l'implication de représentations tridimensionnelles dans le traitement de l'information visuelle. / This study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of stereopsis to the shape constancy phenomenon. Four groups of eight participants each were asked to perform a visual exploration task. The first group was exposed to a stereoscopic stimulation, the second group was exposed to a reversed stereoscopic stimulation, the third group was exposed to a monocular stimulation with textures and shadow and the fourth group was exposed to a monocular stimulation with shadow only. Response times and error rates were used to measure participant's performance. Results show an interaction between rotation effects (familiar viewpoints vs. non-familiar viewpoints) and available depth cues (stereopsis, reversed stereopsis, textures and shadow, shadow only). The rotation cost was smaller in the group exposed to a reversed stereoscopic stimulation. These results are congruent with the use of tridimensional representations underlying visual processing.

Heuristic estimates of probabilities may be an obstacle to decision making within High Reliability Organizations. Accident reports have found that two from each other separate phenomenon, Blame Culture and Type 1 processing constitutes a particularily serious threat to decision making. The present study (N = 70) investigated if a perceived risk of negative feedback and cognitive load would lead to more heuristic estimates on the Conjunction Fallacy. Three experiment conditions were included in the study: Negative feedback, cognitive load and control. The results were non-significant for both negative feedback and cognitive load. Furthermore, the estimated negative affect was higher when violations to the Conjunction Rule was made. Previous studies showing that high scores on the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) indicate less sensitivity to conjunction fallacies, were replicated. The present study concluded that the CRT may be a strong predictor of the Conjunction Fallacy.