Question: How have the emergent themes of a health sciences library group changed over time? Setting: A state level health sciences library group Participants: Membership of a state health sciences library group over a 30 year period. Methods: A content analysis of the group archives will be conducted using NVIVO software. Main Findings: Themes and patterns from content analysis will be used to describe changes over time. Conclusions: Forthcoming.

Large-dimensional wooden products are highly demanded within the construction sector. Theprimary motive of the thesis is to find a solution to connect small timber elements by meansof special steel devices. It is auspicable that the resulting hybrid structure could match theload-carrying capacity of a corresponding homogenous timber element with the same size.The focus in this thesis is to study one type of shear-key connection. Three types of beams(pure glulam beam, hybrid beam either with or without the splice connection at mid-span) arestudied regarding their structural behaviours by means of theoretical analysis, numericalmodelling and experimental tests.Hybrid beam without the splice connection shows higher bearing capacity and higher stiffnessthan pure glulam beam no matter which method is used. The structural behaviours for hybridbeam without the splice connection obtained from each method are more or less similarexcept the failure mode.Hybrid beam with the splice connection shows the bearing capacity higher than pure glulambeam but lower than hybrid beam without the splice connection. The stiffness for hybrid beamwith the splice connection is approximately the same as that of the pure glulam beam basedon analytical and numerical calculation. However, around 30% - 40% lower stiffness isachieved in experiment. Factors that might influence the result are discussed in the main text.Two analytical methods (Partial composite action (PCA) Method and Gamma Method) areutilized for hybrid beam without the splice connection. Although Gamma method is asimplified method, the results are similar with that from PCA method. Therefore, GammaMethod is reliable to be used for the hybrid beam without the splice connection in this thesisproject.In addition, it is found that the alignment of shear-key connectors, slip modulus betweenshear-key and notch, diameter of rod and the vertical distance between glulam and rod areconsidered as the main sensitivity parameters that would influence the structural behaviours for hybrid beams a lot.

In clinical settings, the pectineal ligament forms a basic landmark for surgical approaches. However, to date, the detailed fascial topography of this ligament is not well understood. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the pectineal ligament including its fascial connections to surrounding structures. The spatial–topographical relations of 10 fresh and embalmed specimens were dissected, stained, slice plastinated, and analyzed macroscopically, and in three cases histological approaches were also used. The pectineal ligament is attached ventrally and superiorly to the pectineus muscle, connected to the inguinal ligament by the lacunar ligament and to the tendinous origin of rectus abdominis muscle and the iliopubic tract. It forms a site of origin for the internal obturator muscle, and throughout its curved course, the ligament attaches to both the fasciae of iliopsoas and the internal obturator muscle. However, dorsally, these fasciae pass free from the bone, while the pectineal ligament itself is adhered to it. The organ fasciae are seen apart from the pectineal ligament and its connections. The pectineal ligament seems to form a connective tissue junction between the anterior and medial compartment of the thigh. This ligament, however, is free to other compartments arisen from the embryonal gut and to the urogenital ridge. These features of the pectineal ligament are important to consider during orthopedic and trauma surgical approaches, in gynecology, hernia and incontinence surgery, and in operations for pelvic floor and neovaginal reconstructions

Precast concrete multistory buildings are used in an attempt to optimize the available construction space and reduce costs. However, little is known about predicting their capacity in a brittle response mode due to the sudden loss of a critical element that could induce a Progressive Collapse Scenario. Therefore, the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) developed an explicit approach in the design of precast concrete systems that is intended to mitigate a progressive collapse by enhancing the rotational capacity of joints and the robustness of the structural system. A full-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the structural performance of a prototype design under a column-removal scenario. The test assembly frame, consisting of three columns and two beams, was subjected to a displacement controlled vertical force acting at the center to characterize the failure modes and collapse mechanisms. Brittleailures of critical structural elements were observed and significantly impacted the performance.

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Today, teachers are expected to play a major role in the socialization of their students. Crafting strong classroom communities that incorporate celebration is one technique some teachers have developed to enhance a sense of belonging in their classroom. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of teachers regarding what the practice of celebration accomplishes for the teacher, student, and class in reference to building and maintaining a classroom learning community. This study also examined approaches that teachers found to be the most successful in creating celebrations. A multiple-site study design was used to gather qualitative data at 10 public elementary schools in East Tennessee. Data sources were standardized with open-ended interviews based on an interview guide. For the purposes of this study, celebration included group events and activities used to recognize, demonstrate, or promote significant classroom values, experiences, or occasions. Many commonalities in teachers' perceptions about classroom celebrations emerged such as the enhancement of group solidarity, sense of belonging, and teachers' ability to find joy and meaning in teaching. Further qualitative and quantitative research should be conducted to determine how to best plan and implement celebrations for diverse classroom populations. In addition, a survey to capture ideas more broadly related to successful celebrations for a variety of age groups might be useful to practitioners. A study pertaining to the experience of classroom celebration from the perspective of the student was also recommended as a future area for research.

Analysis and design of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) walls under gravity loads have been outlined in the Canadian timber design standard with an adequate amount of details. The methods for designing shearwalls to resist lateral loads have not yet been fully developed, with only concepts being adopted, based on generalized capacity-based design concepts and definitions of yielding and non-yielding components. Several studies have focused on developing analytical expressions and design approaches for multi-panel CLT shearwalls, assuming angle brackets only behave in shear to prevent sliding, while ignoring compression zone effects in CLT panels. These assumptions may simplify the analysis, but they are not practical, especially since contemporary angle brackets are available on the market with uplift capacities comparable to those of hold-down connections. This study aimed to investigate the lateral behaviour of multi-panel CLT shearwalls and provided practical and comprehensive analytical expressions and design procedures for this type of structure. The analysis aimed to integrate the effects of all boundary connections, including hold-downs, angle brackets, panel-to-panel connections, and compression zones, into the analysis. On the basis of the developed analytical expressions, a capacity-based design procedure was proposed, which promoted rocking behaviour and optimized energy dissipation in the shearwall system. A novel yield hierarchy among various connections was introduced, and expressions for associated over-strength factors are proposed. For multi-storey applications, an approach which ensures uniform energy dissipation along the structure height and limits soft-storey failures was also presented. Experimental tests were conducted at the connection level to study the performance of conventional connections used in CLT shearwalls and to obtain their associated mechanical properties. Furthermore, the performance of multi-panel CLT shearwalls was investigated by conducting wall-level experimental tests to investigate the kinematic modes and establish levels of resistance and deflection. Numerical models were developed to verify the mathematical accuracy of the proposed analytical and design expressions. Also, to validate the proposed analytical expressions, they were compared against the numerical models, as well as the wall-level experimental tests. The results showed a reasonable match between the different approaches in terms of the general shape of the curves and kinematic behaviour.

Opencast lignite mines leave behind large cratered landscapes, which also represent a large intervention in nature. In addition to being unusable, these areas also pose a hazard to the surrounding areas. Therefore, the goal is to renaturalize and recultivate these areas in order to recreate natural and usable areas again. These areas can then be used as nature reserves, for agriculture or tourism. The process of recultivation is based on a large amount of information, such as how should an area be implemented, what restrictions should be observed, and under what conditions may the whole recultivation process take place. While all of this information is available and there are many tools for displaying weather data, for example, this information is not linked to the specific area data. Linking a weather-related restriction (that only exists in a purely textual report for an area) to the weather data for a specific area at a specific time is very time-consuming and cumbersome. We support the experts in performing their tasks by linking the different types of data and providing visualizations of these data together with an appropriate filtering mechanism and selection mechanisms, implemented in an interactive decision support system. Textual information and explanations of the various restrictions are additionally linked to provide a clear explanation of the validity of specific restrictions.

When arriving to a new city one can have a hard time finding a place to stay or overall feel lost and a lack of belonging; A problem which could be solved through architecture by providing young people in the same situation: a temporary home and friends to keep when moving out, also local events: inviting in established citizens already having a network in which they can take you in.My architectural solution follows three requirements which I’ve set: 1. Even though there is no land shortage, one should utilize existing urbanized spaces. 2. Leaving spaces for action, interaction and dwelling (instead of a maximized footprint for profit). 3. A balanced relation between private, public and community areas.The research leading up to this included advantages and disadvantages of skyscrapers, the basic human needs for fulfillment, recreational areas providing for it and lastly contemporary architectural projects that have accomplished such.To start off the design process of the studio project a central parking lot was selected to be transformed into an intersecting node of the city areas, creating a city network. After exploring possible mass-void and private-public configurations of the plot, the final variant was motivated by sun studies as it has the most sun exposure and least shadow. It was also the most fun, warm and welcoming form, where the curves move you on the plot. Lastly, the program consists of a mixed use of housing, common spaces and recreational areas, with different activities of differing scale.

Multimedia theory has generated a number of principles and guidelines to support computer-based training (CBT) design. However, the cognitive processes responsible for learning, from which these principles and guidelines stem from, are only indirectly derived by focusing on cognitive learning outcome differences. Unfortunately, the effects that cognitive processes have on learning are based on the assumption that cognitive learning outcomes are indicative of certain cognitive processes. Such circular reasoning is what prompted this dissertation. Specifically, this dissertation looked at the notion of referential connections, which is a prevalent cognitive process that is thought to support knowledge acquisition in a multimedia CBT environment. Referential connections, and the related cognitive mechanisms supporting them, are responsible for creating associations between verbal and visual information; as a result, their impact on multimedia learning is theorized to be far reaching. Therefore, one of the main goals of this dissertation was to address the issue of indirectly assessing cognitive processes by directly measuring referential connections to (a) verify the presence of referential connections, and (b) to measure the extent to which referential connections affect cognitive learning outcomes. To achieve this goal, a complete review of the prevalent multimedia theories was brought fourth. The most important factors thought to be influencing referential connections were extracted and cataloged into variables that were manipulated, fixed, covaried, or randomized to empirically examine the link between referential connections and learning. Specifically, this dissertation manipulated referential connections by varying the temporal presentation of modalities and the color coding of instructional material. Manipulating the temporal presentation of modalities was achieved by either presenting modalities simultaneously or sequentially. Color coding manipulations capitalized on pre-attentive highlighting and pairing of elements (i.e., pairing text with corresponding visuals). As such, the computer-based training varied color coding on three levels: absence of color coding, color coding without pairing text and corresponding visual aids, and color coding that also paired text and corresponding visual aids. The modalities employed in the experiment were written text and static visual aids, and the computer-based training taught the principles of flight to naive participants. Furthermore, verbal and spatial aptitudes were used as covariates, as they consistently showed to affect learning. Overall, the manipulations were hypothesized to differentially affect referential connections and cognitive learning outcomes, thereby altering cognitive learning outcomes. Specifically, training with simultaneously presented modalities was hypothesized to be superior, in terms of referential connections and learning performance, to a successive presentation, and color coding modalities with pairing of verbal and visual correspondents was hypothesized to be superior to other forms of color coding. Finally, it was also hypothesized that referential connections would positively correlate with cognitive learning outcomes and, indeed, mediate the effects of temporal contiguity and color coding on learning. A total of 96 were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental groups, and were trained on the principles of flight. The key construct of referential connections was successfully measured with three methods. Cognitive learning outcomes were captured by a traditional declarative test and by two integrative (i.e., knowledge application) tests. Results showed that the two multimedia manipulation impacted cognitive learning outcomes and did so through corresponding changes of related referential connections (i.e., through mediation). Specifically, as predicted, referential connections mediated the impact of both temporal contiguity and color coding on lower- and higher-level cognitive learning outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to computer-based training design principles and guidelines. Specifically, theoretical implications focus on the contribution that referential connections have on multimedia learning theory, and practical implications are brought forth in terms of instructional design issues. Future research considerations are described as they relate to further exploring the role of referential connections within multimedia CBT paradigms.