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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação do papel da conexina 43 na angiogênese, experimentalmente induzida em córnea de camundongos / Evaluation the role of connexin 43 during angiogenesis, experimentally induced in mice córnea

Rodrigues, Lucas Campos de Sá 19 May 2005 (has links)
As junções GAP são canais intercelulares responsáveis pela comunicação de células vizinhas, por onde passam pequenas moléculas e íons que mantêm a homeostasia celular. A junção GAP é formada seis proteínas, as conexinas. Na célula endotelial encontram-se as conexinas 37, 40 e 43. Nesse estudo, estimulamos a angiogênese em córnea de camundongos, através da cauterização com cristal de nitrato de prata. Foram utilizados camundongos heterozigotos para o gene da conexina 43 (Cx43+/-) e camundongos selvagens (Cx43+/+). As córneas foram analisadas 2 e 6 dias após a cauterização atravéspor meio da morfologia vascular, detecção das Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, PCNA por meio de Western Blot e avaliação ultraestrutural das células endoteliais. Como resultado obtivemos uma menor área de preenchimento vascular nos animais Cx43+/- em 2 e 6 dias após a lesão corneal, porém, em relação a extensão dos vasos não foi observado diferenças entre os grupos. Uma menor proliferação celular foi verificada através da detecção do PCNA, nos animais heterozigotos, somente após 2 dias da lesão corneal. Não houve alteração da Cx37 e Cx40 entres os grupos. A Cx43 parece ser uma conexina importante para a célula endotelial durante o processo de angiogênese. / The GAP junctions are intercellular streams responsible for the communication between close cells, which allow small molecules and ions to pass through them maintaining the cellular homeostasis. The GAP junction is formed of six proteins, the connexin. In the endothelial cell, there are the connexin 37, 40 and 43. In this study, we stimulated the angiogenesis in the mice\'s cornea through its cauterization using silver\'s crystal glass. It was used heterozygote mice to the gene of connexin 43 (Cx43+/-) and wild mice (Cx43+/+). The corneas were analyzed 2 and 6 days after the cauterization through the vascular morphology, detection of Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, PCNA through Western Blot and ultrastructural evaluation of the endothelial cells. As a result, we obtained a smaller area of vascular fillness in the animals Cx43+/- with 2 and 6 days of corneal injury, however, in regard to the extensions of the vessels, it wasn\'t observed any changes between the groups. A smaller proliferation of cells was verified, through the detection of PCNA, in the heterozygote animals only 2 days after the corneal injury. There wasn\'t any modification of the Cx37 and Cx40 between groups. The Cx43 seems to be an important connexin to the endothelial cell during the process of angiogenesis.
12

Avaliação do papel da conexina 43 na angiogênese, experimentalmente induzida em córnea de camundongos / Evaluation the role of connexin 43 during angiogenesis, experimentally induced in mice córnea

Lucas Campos de Sá Rodrigues 19 May 2005 (has links)
As junções GAP são canais intercelulares responsáveis pela comunicação de células vizinhas, por onde passam pequenas moléculas e íons que mantêm a homeostasia celular. A junção GAP é formada seis proteínas, as conexinas. Na célula endotelial encontram-se as conexinas 37, 40 e 43. Nesse estudo, estimulamos a angiogênese em córnea de camundongos, através da cauterização com cristal de nitrato de prata. Foram utilizados camundongos heterozigotos para o gene da conexina 43 (Cx43+/-) e camundongos selvagens (Cx43+/+). As córneas foram analisadas 2 e 6 dias após a cauterização atravéspor meio da morfologia vascular, detecção das Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, PCNA por meio de Western Blot e avaliação ultraestrutural das células endoteliais. Como resultado obtivemos uma menor área de preenchimento vascular nos animais Cx43+/- em 2 e 6 dias após a lesão corneal, porém, em relação a extensão dos vasos não foi observado diferenças entre os grupos. Uma menor proliferação celular foi verificada através da detecção do PCNA, nos animais heterozigotos, somente após 2 dias da lesão corneal. Não houve alteração da Cx37 e Cx40 entres os grupos. A Cx43 parece ser uma conexina importante para a célula endotelial durante o processo de angiogênese. / The GAP junctions are intercellular streams responsible for the communication between close cells, which allow small molecules and ions to pass through them maintaining the cellular homeostasis. The GAP junction is formed of six proteins, the connexin. In the endothelial cell, there are the connexin 37, 40 and 43. In this study, we stimulated the angiogenesis in the mice\'s cornea through its cauterization using silver\'s crystal glass. It was used heterozygote mice to the gene of connexin 43 (Cx43+/-) and wild mice (Cx43+/+). The corneas were analyzed 2 and 6 days after the cauterization through the vascular morphology, detection of Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, PCNA through Western Blot and ultrastructural evaluation of the endothelial cells. As a result, we obtained a smaller area of vascular fillness in the animals Cx43+/- with 2 and 6 days of corneal injury, however, in regard to the extensions of the vessels, it wasn\'t observed any changes between the groups. A smaller proliferation of cells was verified, through the detection of PCNA, in the heterozygote animals only 2 days after the corneal injury. There wasn\'t any modification of the Cx37 and Cx40 between groups. The Cx43 seems to be an important connexin to the endothelial cell during the process of angiogenesis.
13

Examination of the regulation of gap junction communication and connexin 43 phosphorylation during the cell cycle /

Solan, Joell L. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-118).
14

Contributions of Angiomotin-Like-1 on Astrocytic Morphology: Potential Roles in Regulating Connexin-43-Based Astrocytic Gap Junctions, Remodeling the Actin Cytoskeleton and Influencing Cellular Polarity

Downing, Nicholas Frederick 10 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Glioblastoma is a lethal cancer that arises from support cells in the nervous system and kills around 20,000 people in the United States each year. While much is known about the highly malignant primary glioblastoma, the natural history of lower grade glioma (LGG) is less understood. While the majority of LGGs are initiated by a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase, the events leading to their malignant progression into a grade IV tumor are not known. Analysis of primary tumor sample data has revealed that low transcript levels of Angiomotin-like-1 (AmotL1) strongly associate with poor outcomes of patients with these cancers. Follow-up RNA-sequencing of human embryonic astrocytes with AmotL1 silencing revealed the downregulation of many transcripts that encode proteins mediating gap junctions (GJ) between astrocytes, especially connexin-43 (Cx43). Cx43 protein oligomerizes to form functional channels comprising the astrocytic GJ. AmotL1 knockdown through RNA interference decreases Cx43 transcript and protein levels while increasing its distribution to GJs. This suggests increased GJ formation and intercellular communication, as similar localization patterns are observed in differentiated astrocytes. Astrocytes with AmotL1 knockdown also display a pronounced pancake-like morphology, suggesting that the actin cytoskeleton is affected. Imaging reveals that cells with reduced AmotL1 have characteristic losses in both stress fibers and focal actin under the cell body but notable increases in cortical F-actin. Consistent with previous studies, AmotL1 may promote increases in the number and thickness of F-actin fibers. Because actin binding to related angiomotins is inhibited by phosphorylation from the LATs kinases, I define the effects of expressing wildtype AmotL1 versus mutants that mimic or prevent phosphorylation by LATs1/2. Interestingly, expression of AmotL1 S262D in combination with NEDD4-1, a ubiquitin ligase, results in a profound loss of actin stress fibers. Dependence on NEDD4-1 suggests that this phenotype is due to the induced degradation of proteins that promote F-actin, e.g. RhoA. These results directly support a model in which phosphorylated AmotL1 specifically inhibits F-actin formation as opposed to unphosphorylated AmotL1 which is known to promote stress fiber formation. Thus, in addition to regulating polarity and YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators, AmotL1 plays major functions in dictating cellular F-actin dynamics. / 2021-01-01
15

The Role of Connexin 43 in Prostate Cancer Cell Motility

Aloliqi, Abdulaziz A. 30 April 2019 (has links)
No description available.
16

An In Vitro Study on the Role of Endothelial Cell Connexin43 Gap Junctions in the Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Traffic

Pirman, Megan 13 April 2010 (has links)
No description available.
17

Untersuchung des Connexin 43 und N-Cadherin bei Patienten mit Fallot’scher Tetralogie und Double Outlet Right Ventricle vom Fallot-Typ

Haunschild, Josephina 21 October 2014 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Myokardproben des rechtsventrikulären Ausflusstraktes von Patienten mit Fallot’scher Tetralogie sowie Double Outlet Right Ventricle vom Fallot - Typ untersucht. Hintergrund der Studie waren Untersuchungen anderer Autoren an Cx43 - knock - out Mäusen, die dort Veränderungen des kardialen Phänotyps beschrieben, die sie als Fallot - artig interpretierten. Daraus wurde die Hypothese entwickelt, dass Änderungen auf der Ebene des Connexin 43 ursächlich mit der Fallot’schen Tetralogie verbunden sein könnten. Es erfolgte eine histologische Analyse von 25 Patientenproben im Hinblick auf die Lokalisation von Connexin 43 sowie N - Cadherin. Es zeigte sich eine altersabhängige Verteilung von Connexin 43 und N - Cadherin. Insbesondere Patienten der Gruppe 1 (jünger als zwei Jahre) zeigten eine Verteilung sowohl an der lateralen Zellseite, als auch am Pol der Kardiomyozyten. Mit zunehmendem Alter beschränkten sich sowohl Connexin 43 als auch N - Cadherin auf die Disci intercalares zwischen den Kardiomyozyten und befanden sich dort in enger Nachbarschaft zueinander. Des Weiteren erfolgte eine Analyse der codierenden Region des Connexin 43 Gens mittels High Resolution Melting - PCR und sich daran anschließender Sequenzierung. Es zeigten sich sowohl bei den Kontrollen als auch den Patienten bereits bekannte Single Nucleotide Polymorphismen sowie bis dato unbekannte Sequenzvariationen. Allerdings wurden keine homozygoten Veränderungen der DNA festgestellt. Auch fand sich keine der heterozygoten Veränderungen in allen untersuchten Patienten. Somit ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass ein einzelner Basenaustausch zum komplexen Krankheitsbild der Fallot’schen Tetralogie beziehungsweise zum Double Outlet Right Ventricle vom Fallot - Typ führt.
18

Mechanismen der sensiblen Mechanotransduktion in Kardiomyozyten

Schreiber, Anna 18 October 2016 (has links)
Die vorgelegte Dissertationsschrift dient der Identifizierung des Mechanismus, über welchen neonatale Kardiomyozyten der Ratte biaxialen zyklischen Stretch wahrnehmen. Angriffspunkt dafür bildeten sowohl Stretch Activated Ion Channels (SAIC) als auch die mit Integrinen assoziierte Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). Die Inhibition der SAIC erfolgte mit Gadolinium und eine Blockade der FAK konnte durch den FAK-Inhibitor II erreicht werden. Eigens angelegte Zellkulturen wurden unter definierten Parametern für 24 Stunden unter Einwirkung genannter Stoffe gestretcht und anschließend einer Analyse mittels Immunfluoreszenz und Western Blot unterzogen. Gestretchte Kardiomyozyten richteten sich schräg zur Achse der einwirkenden Kraft aus und wiesen eine Polarisierung von Connexin 43 auf, außerdem zeigte sich dessen gesteigerte Expression. Durch die Blockade der FAK konnte lediglich eine aufgehobene Polarisierung von Connexin 43 bei unveränderter Expression und Ausrichtung der Kardiomyozyten festgestellt werden. Auch die Mikrotubuli veränderten nach Stretch ihre Orientierung bezogen auf die Zellachse. Die zunächst annähernde Parallelität der Fasern zeigte sich nach Inhibition der FAK deutlich aufgelockert. Für die Aktinfilamente konnte dies nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Integrine dienen demnach der Wahrnehmung von Stretch und vermitteln die Polarisierung von Connexin 43 sowie die Orientierung der Mikrotubuli über die FAK. Für die anderen genannten Prozesse ist die Aktivierung eines FAK-unabhängigen Integrin-Signalweges denkbar. Gadolinium hatte insgesamt keinen Effekt auf beschriebene Veränderungen, sodass ein Einfluss der SAIC auf Stretch-induzierte Veränderungen in Kardiomyozyten ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Gleichzeitig konnte durch die Beobachtung der Polarisierung von Microtubule Organizing Center, Kinesin und Golgi-Apparat die Hypothese der sich durch Stretch orientierenden neonatalen Kardiomyozyte unterstützt werden, welche die Voraussetzung für die Anordnung von Connexin 43 an den Zellpolen darstellen könnte. Sowohl die Selbstorganisation des Myokards im Rahmen der Embryogenese als auch die Pathophysiologie verschiedener kardialer Erkrankungen könnte dadurch womöglich besser verstanden werden.
19

Avaliação da expressão e localização da conexina 43 na injúria isquêmica renal aguda / Evaluation of Connexin 43 expression and localization in renal acute ischemic injury

Miranda, Adriana Regina 20 June 2011 (has links)
As células necessitam do contato com outras células e com a matriz extracelular, para a formação de tecidos. As junções gap são estreitos canais que conectam o citoplasma de células adjacentes, promovendo a passagem de íons orgânicos, aminoácidos, nucleotídeos e outros metabólitos. Estas junções são compostas por dois conexons ou hemicanais, que atravessam a membrana plasmática da célula a que pertencem, e são compostos por seis proteínas integrais de membrana denominadas conexinas (Cxs). A Cx43 é a mais expressa, e é fosforilada ao longo do ciclo de vida, sofrendo mudanças conformacionais, resultando em diferentes isoformas (P0, P1 e P2), apresentando propriedades distintas. A Cx43 apresenta-se distribuída em todo o rim adulto. A injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma síndrome metabólica em que ocorre redução aguda da função renal e rápida diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular, sendo hipóxia decorrente da isquemia sua causa principal. A restrição de oxigênio e nutrientes, e o acúmulo de metabólitos, resultam na injúria das células epiteliais tubulares. A depleção dos níveis de ATP, aumento nos níveis de cálcio intracelular, alterações na membrana e deformações no citoesqueleto caracterizam esta injúria. A reoxigenação tecidual atua como agressão adicional devido à liberação de radicais livres. Estudos sugerem que a ativação de hemicanais de Cx43, resultante da desfosforilação da proteína, durante depleção de ATP, esteja envolvida na IRA. Este trabalho verificou o envolvimento da Cx43 em modelo murino desta injúria, ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão. Foram utilizados camundongos machos da linhagem C57BL/6J. A isquemia foi induzida por clampeamento das artérias renais por 45 minutos. A reperfusão ocorreu durante 24 horas após cirurgia. Foram utilizados 6 animais por grupo (isquêmicos, reperfundidos e controle). Após sacrifício, fragmentos dos rins foram submetidos a ensaios de western blot, PCR em tempo real, imuno-histoquímica e imunofluorescência. O modelo experimental foi validado através da dosagem de uréia e creatinina plasmática. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pela análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do teste de Bonferroni. Observou-se aumento significativo dos níveis de uréia e creatinina nos animais isquêmicos e reperfundidos, em relação ao controle. A expressão gênica apresentou aumento significativo apenas nos rins de camundongos reperfundidos (1,9 vezes; P<0,01 vs controle). No western blot verificou-se aumento na quantidade da isoforma hiperfosforilada da Cx43 (P2) em rins isquêmicos (2,73 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição significativa nos reperfundidos (2,37 vezes; P<0,05 vs isquêmico). Nas isoformas menos fosforiladas (P1/P0), observou-se aumento nos rins isquêmicos (2,33 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição nos reperfundidos (10 vezes; P<0,01 vs isquêmico). Nos ensaios imuno-histológicos verificou-se diferentes localizações da Cx43 nas células epiteliais de túbulos corticais nos grupos comparados. Nos controles verificou-se distribuição difusa, e nos isquêmicos observou-se intensa marcação em superfície celular apical. Nos rins reperfundidos, a distribuição da Cx43 foi basolateral. As alterações observadas na expressão gênica, fosforilação protéica e distribuição da Cx43 nos rins foram semelhantes às mudanças observadas na isquemia cardíaca. Este estudo mostrou pela primeira vez a regulação da Cx43 em níveis transcricionais e pós-traducionais, e sua localização celular na IRA ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão, indicando sua participação neste processo. / The cells require contact with other cells and the extracellular matrix for tissue formation. Gap junctions are narrow channels connecting the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, promoting the passage of inorganic ions, amino acids, nucleotides and other metabolites. These junctions are composed of two conexons or hemichannels, crossing the cell plasma membrane where they belong, and consist of six integral membrane proteins called connexins (Cxs). The Cx43 is the most expressed, and is phosphorylated throughout the life cycle, undergoing conformational changes, resulting in different isoforms (P0, P1 and P2) that have different properties. The Cx43 is distributed throughout the adult kidney. The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a metabolic syndrome that occurs in acute reduction of renal function and rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate. Hypoxia resulting from ischemia is its principal cause. The restriction of oxygen and nutrients, and accumulation of metabolites, result in the injury of tubular epithelial cells. The depletion of ATP levels, increased levels of intracellular calcium, changes in the membrane and cytoskeleton deformation characterize this injury. Reoxygenation tissue acts as additional injury due to release of free radicals. Studies suggest that activation of Cx43 hemichannels, resulting from dephosphorylation of the protein during ATP depletion, is involved in the AKI. This study investigated the involvement of Cx43 in a murine model of this injury, caused by ischemia/ reperfusion. We used male mice of strain C57BL/6J. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal arteries for 45 minutes. Reperfusion occurred 24 hours after surgery. We used six animals per group (ischemic, reperfused, and sham). After sacrifice, kidney fragments were tested for western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The levels of plasma urea and creatinine were measured to validate the experimental model. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test. We observed significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in ischemic and reperfused animals compared to sham. Gene expression increased significantly only in the reperfused kidneys (1.9 fold, P <0.01 vs sham). The western blot showed an increase in the amount of hyperphosphorylated isoform of Cx43 (P2) in ischemic kidneys (2.73 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with significant reduction in reperfused (2.37 times, P <0 05 vs ischemic). In the less phosphorylated isoforms (P1/P0), we observed an increase in ischemic kidneys (2.33 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with a decrease in reperfused (10 times, P <0.01 vs ischemic). In immuno-histological tests we verified different locations of Cx43 in the epithelial cells of cortical tubules. In normal kidneys there was patchy distribution, while in ischemic there was intense staining in the apical cell surface. In the reperfused kidney, the distribution of Cx43 was basolateral. The changes in gene expression, protein phosphorylation and distribution of Cx43 in the kidney observed in this study were similar to changes observed in cardiac ischemia. This study showed for the first time the regulation of Cx43 in transcriptional and post-translational levels, and its cellular localization in acute renal failure caused by ischemia/reperfusion, indicating its involvement in this injury.
20

Avaliação da expressão da conexina 43 no miocárdio de cães indenes submetidos ou não à técnica de circulação extracorpórea / Evaluation of connexin 43 expression in the miocardium in health dogs submited or not to a cardiopulmonary baypass

Santos, André Luis Soares dos 13 February 2009 (has links)
A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) substitui as funções do coração e pulmões durante o tempo principal da cirurgia cardíaca, permitindo que o cirurgião acesse o interior do órgão por longo período de tempo e assegurando a oxigenação dos tecidos e eliminação dos seus produtos finais. Entretanto, tal técnica não é utilizada rotineiramente em medicina veterinária devido aos elevados custos e também em decorrência das alterações deletérias que promove no organismo dos animais. Visando uma melhor compreensão das complicações decorrentes da CEC, possibilitando amenizá-las, aventou-se o estudo da conexina 43 (Cx43), proteína presente no miocárdio e responsável pela formação das junções intercelulares do tipo gap. O presente estudo avaliou cinco cães indenes, SRD, não submetidos à CEC, procedendo-se a colheita de amostras correspondentes à região do septo interventricular, átrios direito e esquerdo, ventrículos direito e esquerdo e posterior análise da Cx43 através da imunofluorescência, western blot e RT-PCR. Avaliou também cinco cães indenes, SRD, submetidos à toracotomia intercostal direita convencional e posterior instituição da CEC. Amostras de miocárdio foram colhidas em três distintos momentos, quais sejam: T0 (antes da CEC), T1 (após duas horas de CEC) e T2 (após uma hora de desmame da CEC), para verificar as possíveis alterações na (Cx43) decorrentes da CEC, pela técnica de imunofluorescência. Ao final do procedimento experimental, os animais foram sacrificados. Os resultados mostraram que nos animais indenes não operados, a Cx43 apresenta localização em todas as regiões estudadas, não apresentando diferença significativa com relação à expressão nas diferentes regiões. Porém, nos animais submetidos à CEC, a referida conexina apresentou-se diminuída. Por fim, concluímos que em cães a CEC por duas horas com uma hora de circulação espontânea é técnica exeqüível, porém determina sérias alterações clínicas e induz a processos patológicos. / Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) replaces the heart and lung function during the main period of cardiac surgery, and it allows the access of the surgeon inside the organ for a long time, ensuring tissue oxygenation and the elimination of end products. However, this procedure isn´t used as a routine in veterinary medicine because of the high costs, and besides it causes damage in the animal organism. In order to promote a better comprehension of the complications caused by CPB, and perhaps to assuage them, this work was designed to study the connexin 43 (Cx43), a protein present in myocardium which forms intercellular communications like gap junctions. To do so five health mongrel dogs not submitted to CPB were evaluated and tissue samples were taken from specific locals as ventricular septal, right and left atrium, right and left ventricle, to perform Cx43 analyses by immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR. Were also studied others five health mongrel dogs submitted to a conventional right intercostal thoracotomy for CPB procedure. Samples of myocardium were taken in three different moments: T0 (before CPB), T1 (after two hours of CPB) and T2 (after one hour the end of CPB) to check possible alterations in Cx43 caused by CPB using immunofluorescence technique. The euthanasia of the animals was performed at the end of the experimental period. The results shown that in health animals not operated, the Cx43 is located in every studied local and there is no significant difference in the protein expression areas. Nevertheless, the CPB technique reduced the connexin expressions in the operated animals. Finally, we may conclude that the cardiopulmonary bypass for two hours and a spontaneous perfusion for one hour is a feasible procedure in dogs, but it determines serious clinical alterations and may induce pathophisyological process.

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