Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-22T12:52:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Walter da Costa Mendes.pdf: 1106183 bytes, checksum: ab9cc845c11d847e0f282a8723b9fd65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T12:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Walter da Costa Mendes.pdf: 1106183 bytes, checksum: ab9cc845c11d847e0f282a8723b9fd65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / The objective of this study was to investigate the social representations of students from the Tecnologia em Gest?o Ambiental do Instituto Federal Goiano ? Campus Uruta?, on concepts related to the Cerrado and what is its importance to the environment in general and contrast the speech of these representations with scientific knowledge, considering that this biome has become the main alternative for expanding agriculture and cattle raising frontier in Brasil, because it has a mainly flat with ease to the possibility of mechanization and irrigation water availability in the region. The research is a qualitative approach, where we designed a semistructured questionnaire with questions related to the Cerrado and their forms of preservation. The methodology is based on analysis of the collective subject discourse (DSC) according to Moscovici's theory of social representations. The target audience were nineteen students from the sixth grade of the second half of 2010 and twenty-two students from the first grade of the first half of 2011, of the Course Tecnologia em Gest?o Ambiental of the Instituto Federal Goiano ? Campus Uruta?, to make a comparison of students when they start the course and when they finish, watching if the students in the DSC of the sixth period, there have been advances in scientific knowledge regarding the Cerrado, when compared with the DSC students of the first period. Participation in the survey was voluntary, and participants had to submit a term of informed consent, because it is a study in humans, according to the National Council of Ethics. The results found that the DSCs was both the first and sixth periods are very similar, and the cerrado objectification appears with the presentation of the State of Goi?s, suggest agriculture and cattle raising as the best option for investment in productive arrangements for the cerrado, and still, emphasize the richness of biodiversity in the Cerrado. But the responses of students in the sixth period had more coherent texts in relation to scientific knowledge, proving that there was increase in knowledge, some even suggesting alternatives to mitigate the conflict between agriculture and cattle raising production and environmental conservation / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as representa??es sociais dos alunos do Curso de Tecnologia em Gest?o Ambiental do Instituto Federal Goiano ? Campus Uruta?, sobre conceitos relacionados ao bioma Cerrado e qual sua import?ncia para o meio ambiente em geral, e contrastar o discurso dessas representa??es sociais com o conhecimento cient?fico, tendo em vista que esse bioma passou a ser a principal alternativa para a expans?o da fronteira agropecu?ria no Brasil, pois apresenta um relevo predominantemente plano com facilidade para mecaniza??o e possibilidade de irriga??o pela disponibilidade h?drica da regi?o. A pesquisa ? de abordagem qualitativa, onde foi elaborado um question?rio semi-estruturado com quest?es relacionadas com o bioma Cerrado e suas formas de preserva??o. A metodologia adotada se baseia em an?lise de discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC) de acordo com a teoria moscoviciana de representa??es sociais. O p?blico alvo foram dezenove alunos do sexto per?odo do segundo semestre do ano de 2010 e vinte e dois alunos do primeiro per?odo do primeiro semestre do ano de 2011, do Curso de Tecnologia em Gest?o Ambiental do Instituto Federal Goiano ? Campus Uruta?, para se fazer uma compara??o dos alunos quando iniciam o curso e quando terminam, observando se no DSC dos alunos do sexto per?odo, houve avan?o no conhecimento cient?fico em rela??o ao bioma Cerrado, quando comparado com o DSC dos alunos do primeiro per?odo. A participa??o na pesquisa foi volunt?ria, sendo que os participantes tiveram que entregar um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, pois se trata de uma pesquisa com humanos, de acordo com o Conselho Nacional de ?tica em Pesquisa. O resultado encontrado foi que os DSCs tanto do primeiro como do sexto per?odos s?o bem semelhantes, sendo que o cerrado aparece com objetiva??o na apresenta??o do Estado de Goi?s, sugerem a agropecu?ria como a melhor op??o de investimento nos arranjos produtivos para o cerrado, e ainda, d?o ?nfase ? riqueza de biodiversidade no bioma Cerrado. Por?m as respostas dos alunos do sexto per?odo tiveram textos mais coerentes em rela??o ao conhecimento cient?fico, comprovando que houve avan?o no conhecimento, alguns sugerindo inclusive alternativas para amenizar o conflito entre produ??o agropecu?ria e conserva??o ambiental

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Shallow coastal marine systems are highly productive and widely recognized by their roles as important habitats for several bottom dwelling or water column fish and invertebrate species. Several mechanisms can influence fish distribution among the coastal marine systems, such as biotic interaction (e.g. predation, competition) and abiotic influences (e.g. type of sediment, turbidity). This study was carried out in sandy beaches of coastal systems that included unsheltered oceanic beaches and sandy beaches in two large embayment (Sepetiba and Ilha Grande). Quarterly samplings were performed to collect fishes, sediment and to measure environmental variables in three sandy beaches of each system during 2014 and 2015. The aim were: 1) to determine and compare the relationship fish and benthic invertebrate among the three systems, and to detect eventual influences of environmental variables on the structure of these two biotic communities and, 2) to compare the ichthyofauna in relation to beta diversity, taxonomic distinctiveness and environmental heterogeneity, to test the hypothesis that systems with high environmental heterogeneity have higher beta diversity. Granulometric composition and environmental variables differed among the systems, with comparatively higher turbidity in the Sepetiba Bay, lower nutrient concentrations in the Ilha Grande Bay and higher salinity in the Oceanic Beaches. The highest abundance of benthic invertebrate was found in the bays, whereas the Oceanic Beaches have the lowest numbers, which can be associated to physical dynamic of wave action in the this latter system that can the potentiality to remove invertebrate from the sediments, resulting in their exposure to predation. Fish and benthic invertebrate were influenced by environmental variables but no significant correlation was found between fish and invertebrate communities. However, some specific strong relationship was found between particular species of fish and invertebrate. For example, the flatfish Citharichthys spilopterus was positively related to representant of the Crustacean from Amphipoda and Tanaidacea orders, and from Polychaeta of Opheliida and Polygordiida orders, suggesting a dependence relationship between fish and invertebrates that can be used as fish feeding prey. The coastal systems did not differ in environmental heterogeneity, whereas the beta diversity was highest in the Ilha Grande Bay, which is probably associated to better preservation of their beaches. We did not detect significant relationship between beta diversity and environmental heterogeneity, which can be attributed to the examined environmental variables that did not influence markedly fish distribution. Taxonomic distinctiveness had positive correlation with species richness, thus the higher the richness the higher the taxonomic distinctiveness that can be associated to interspecific relationship, since species closely related tend to compete for similar resources. Thus, the addition of new phylogenetically distant species will occupy different niches. We suggest that fish turnover (beta diversity) should be included in environmental management plans, as a tool to supply the basis to selection size of areas to be priorized for conservation, aiming to protect the maximum of biological diversity. / Ambientes marinhos costeiros rasos s?o altamente produtivos e amplamente reconhecidos como importantes habitats para muitas esp?cies de peixes e invertebrados associados ao substrato ou ? coluna da ?gua. Diversos mecanismos podem influenciar a distribui??o de peixes entre os sistemas costeiros marinhos, como intera??es biol?gicas (e.g., preda??o, competi??o) e abi?ticas (e.g., tipo de sedimento, turbidez). O presente trabalho foi realizado em sistemas costeiros na regi?o sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que incluem praias arenosas oce?nicas desprotegidas e praias arenosas dentro de dois grandes sistemas de ba?as (Sepetiba e Ilha Grande). Amostragens de peixes, sedimento e tomada de vari?veis ambientais foram realizadas trimestralmente em tr?s praias arenosas de cada sistema durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Os objetivos foram: 1) determinar e comparar a rela??o entre peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos entre os tr?s sistemas costeiros, e detectar eventuais influ?ncias das vari?veis ambientais na estrutura destas duas comunidades bi?ticas; e 2) comparar a ictiofauna em rela??o ? diversidade beta, distin??o taxon?mica e heterogeneidade ambiental, visando testar a hip?tese de que ambientes com maior heterogeneidade ambiental apresentam maior diversidade beta. A composi??o granulom?trica e as vari?veis ambientais variaram significativamente entre os sistemas costeiros, com maior turbidez na Ba?a de Sepetiba, maior salinidade nas praias oce?nicas e menores concentra??es de nutrientes na Ba?a da Ilha Grande. A maior abund?ncia de invertebrados bent?nicos foi observada nas ba?as, com a Ba?a de Ilha Grande destacando-se pelo maior n?mero de indiv?duos, enquanto as praias oce?nicas apresentaram as menores ocorr?ncias, o que pode estar associado a fatores f?sicos, principalmente a a??o de ondas, que pode remover invertebrados do sedimento, acarretando numa maior exposi??o ? preda??o. As composi??es de peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos foram influenciadas pelas vari?veis ambientais e a comunidade de invertebrados bent?nicos n?o apresentou correla??o significativa com a ictiofauna, entretanto algumas correla??es pontuais consistentes foram observadas entre peixes e invertebrados. Por exemplo, o linguado Citharichthys spilopterus, foi positivamente correlacionado com representantes de Crustacea das ordens Amphipoda e Tanaid?cea e Polychaeta das ordens Opheliida e Polygordiida, o que sugere uma rela??o de depend?ncia destes peixes por estes invertebrados que podem estar sendo utilizados como recursos alimentares. Os sistemas costeiros n?o diferiram quanto ? heterogeneidade ambiental, enquanto a diversidade beta foi maior na Baia da Ilha Grande, o que pode estar associado ao estado de melhor preserva??o dos locais amostrados. N?o foi encontrada rela??o significativa entre a diversidade beta e a heterogeneidade ambiental, o que pode ser atribu?do ? escolha das vari?veis ambientais que n?o influenciam na distribui??o da ictiofauna. A distin??o taxon?mica apresentou correla??o positiva com a riqueza de esp?cies. Assim, quanto maior o n?mero de esp?cies, maior a distin??o taxon?mica e esse fato pode estar relacionado a intera??es interespec?ficas, j? que esp?cies proximamente relacionadas geralmente competem pelos mesmos recursos, assim a adi??o de novas esp?cies distanciadas filogeneticamente ocuparia diferentes nichos. Sugerimos que a rotatividade da ictiofauna (diversidade beta) deve ser considerada em planos de gerenciamento ambiental, j? que esta ferramenta pode fornecer bases para sele??o e delineamento de tamanhos de ?reas priorizadas para a conserva??o, visando proteger o m?ximo da diversidade biol?gica.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-16T15:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Laryany Farias Vieira Fontenele.pdf: 2344933 bytes, checksum: 538c05893e9ff58fe2afc7501caeeecd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T15:45:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Laryany Farias Vieira Fontenele.pdf: 2344933 bytes, checksum: 538c05893e9ff58fe2afc7501caeeecd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / This research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education of Par? - IFPA, Concei??o do Araguaia Campus, with thirty students, fifteen of them are students from the Environmental Management course and the other fifteen are students from the Agronomy course, starting in the academic year 2015.The main objective was to develop and evaluate educational practices on the rational use of herbicides in pineapple farming, culture of a highlight of the municipality under study. We believe that the agricultural school curriculum should provide the training of students in three basic dimensions: food production in a sustainable way; fixing of man in the field; conservation and environmental recovery. We used a qualitative-quantitative research methodology, culminating in the application of questionnaires with open and closed questions. 30 questionnaires were applied, initially separating the participating and non-participating groups; 30 questionnaires with rural pineapple producers and 30 questionnaires, in the final project stage, with the group of participating students. For the evaluation of the questions applied to the students, pre-tests and post-tests were performed. For qualitative analysis, conceptual maps to farmers were applied as a teaching and learning tool. This pedagogical practice aimed to favor the development of the students? autonomy and the relationship of previous knowledge with those seized. In the quantitative analysis, parametric (ANOVA and Tukey?s Test) and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn?s Test) were used. At the end of the methodological proposal an exhibition of empty containers of agrochemicals was carried out, in order to sensitize the student community about the potential of environmental damages and the health of residents of the region. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o do Par? ? IFPA, Campus Concei??o do Araguaia, com trinta estudantes, sendo quinze do curso de Gest?o Ambiental e quinze do curso de Agronomia, com in?cio no ano letivo de 2015. O objetivo principal foi desenvolver e avaliar pr?ticas educativas sobre o uso racional de herbicidas na abacaxicultura, cultura de destaque do munic?pio em estudo. Acreditamos que o curr?culo escolar agr?cola deve proporcionar a forma??o dos discentes em tr?s dimens?es b?sicas: a da produ??o de alimentos de forma sustent?vel; a fixa??o do homem no campo e a conserva??o e recupera??o ambiental. Utilizamos uma metodologia de pesquisa quali-quantitativa, culminando com a aplica??o de question?rios com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Foram aplicados 30 question?rios inicialmente separando os grupos participantes e n?o participantes; 30 question?rios com os produtores rurais de abacaxi e 30 question?rios na etapa final de projeto, com o grupo de estudantes participantes. Para avalia??o das quest?es aplicadas aos discentes, foram realizados pr?-teste e p?s-testes. Para an?lise qualitativa foram aplicados mapas conceituais com os agricultores, como ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem. Essa pr?tica pedag?gica visou favorecer o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos educandos e o relacionamento de conhecimentos pr?vios com aqueles apreendidos. Na an?lise quantitativa foram utilizados testes param?tricos (ANOVA e Teste de Tukey) e n?o param?tricos (Kruskal-Wallis e Teste de Dunn). Ao final da proposta metodol?gica foi realizada uma exposi??o de embalagens vazias de agrot?xicos, como forma de sensibilizar a comunidade discente sobre o potencial de danos ambientais e para a sa?de de moradores da regi?o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaisyCS_DISSERT_1-90.pdf: 4081083 bytes, checksum: 7a6fdd41e7290a342f9160b8cac1f4da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-08 / Facing environmental problems the planet appears several alternative preventive and control on behalf of the equation between development and environmental protection. One of the alternatives implemented in Brazil to conservation of biodiversity was the creation of protected natural areas regulated by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). This is an integrated study of the Comunication / Environmental Conservation, which prioritizes social participation as a complementary in the conservation process, the particular case of the Dunas do Natal State Park, the first conservation area in Rio Grande do Norte, for full protection. It takes into account the roles environmental, scientific and Park, which harbors a unique biodiversity, including endemic species and the fact being located in an urban area. It proposes the use of two complementary instruments, such as strategies for conservation. Considering the various individual experiences, it was analyzed the perception that the community is directly related to the Park. From this promoted the democratization of information about the park, its biodiversity and conservation. As another conservation tool, it was suggested the use of a flagship species for the park, or a body chosen symbol for environmental or social reasons, in order to protect and conserve certain natural environments, from the understanding and co -community participation. In this case, as proposed flag Coleodactylus natalensis species, the lizard-the-litter, to be endemic remnants of Atlantic Forest Park as having the type locality, be one of the smallest species of the world, South America's lowest-dependent shadow of the forest, sensitive to human action and therefore very vulnerable. This suggestion finds support in the degree of public acceptance that interacts directly with the Park, as a result of the evaluation of their perceptions. It was further observed in this study that this symbology to be used in order to promote the democratization of the Park and its biodiversity has an identification result, curiosity and probable involvement of the population with the issues of the Park / Diante dos problemas ambientai enfrentados pelo planeta surgem diversas alternativas preventivas e de controle em prol do equacionamento entre o desenvolvimento e a prote??o da natureza. Uma das alternativas implementadas, no Brasil, para a conserva??o da biodiversidade foi a cria??o de ?reas naturais protegidas, regulamentadas pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conserva??o (SNUC). Este ? um estudo integrado de Comunica??o Social/Conserva??o Ambiental, que prioriza a participa??o social como forma complementar no processo de conserva??o, caso particular do Parque Estadual das Dunas do Natal, primeira Unidade de Conserva??o no Rio Grande do Norte, de prote??o integral. Leva em considera??o os pap?is ambientais, e cient?ficos do Parque, o qual abriga uma biodiversidade ?nica, incluindo endemismo de esp?cie bem como o fato de estar situado em uma ?rea urbana. Prop?em-se a utiliza??o de dois instrumentos complementares, como estrat?gias para a conserva??o. Considerando as v?rias experi?ncias individuais, foi analisada a percep??o da comunidade que se relaciona diretamente com o Parque. A partir desta promoveu-se a democratiza??o da informa??o sobre o Parque, sua biodiversidade e conserva??o. Como outro instrumento de conserva??o, sugeriuse a utiliza??o de uma esp?cie-bandeira para o Parque, ou seja, um organismo s?mbolo escolhido por raz?es ecol?gicas ou sociais, com a finalidade de proteger e conservar determinados ambientes naturais, a partir do entendimento e co-participa??o da comunidade. Nesse caso, prop?s como bandeira a esp?cie Coleodactylus natalensis, o lagarto-do-folhi?o, por ser end?mica de remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica, ter o Parque como localidade tipo, ser uma das menores esp?cies do mundo, menor da Am?rica do Sul, dependente da sombra da floresta, sens?vel ? a??o antr?pica e, portanto, muito vulner?vel. Essa sugest?o encontra respaldo no grau de aceita??o da popula??o que interage diretamente com o Parque, conforme resultado da avalia??o de suas percep??es. Constatou-se ainda nesse estudo que essa simbologia ao ser utilizada como forma de promover a democratiza??o sobre o Parque e sua biodiversidade apresenta um resultado de identifica??o, curiosidade e prov?vel envolvimento da popula??o com as quest?es do Parque