O fenômeno da inflação legislativa é bastante debatido nos ambientes acadêmicos e políticos do mundo todo. Ao mesmo tempo em que as leis se multiplicam de forma cada vez mais acelerada para atender as demandas de um ambiente social de constantes mudanças, as fórmulas tradicionais do processo legislativo vêm se mostrando incapazes de garantir, ao mesmo tempo, a aceleração da produção das leis, com um controle rigoroso de sua qualidade. Pior do que isso, a multiplicação de leis esparsas, pontuais e de má qualidade, sem o necessário zelo integrativo, leva ao congestionamento dos ordenamentos jurídicos, com graves conseqüências para as sociedades. Aliando-se o excesso de leis (muitas das quais desnecessárias) às deficiências redacionais (ambigüidades, falta de clareza) e problemas de sistematização (sobreposição confusa de diplomas legais avulsos), o esforço das pessoas e das empresas para compreender e cumprir a lei é fator intimidador do desenvolvimento. Mais grave ainda: um sistema legal confuso, além de gerar insegurança jurídica e falta de certeza sobre a efetividade do amontoado normativo, contraria fundamentos da democracia, na medida em que prejudica a acessibilidade do Direito e a compreensão do cidadão comum quanto à objetiva dimensão dos mandamentos jurídicos. Como reação a esse quadro de crise da lei, nas últimas décadas, algumas técnicas de organização legislativa vêm sendo desenvolvidas e empregadas. Os estudos aqui expostosos procuraram identificá-las, mais especificamente no que se relaciona ao saneamento da legislação vigente pelo método da consolidação das leis, com o objetivo de contribuir para o debate, necessário e urgente, sobre a organização legislativa na realidade brasileira. / Legislative inflation is a highly debated phenomenon in worldwide political and academic circles. While statutes multiply ever more rapidly in order to meet the demands of a constantly changing social environment, the traditional formulas of the legislative process have shown themselves incapable of ensuring, at the same time, the acceleration of legislative production and rigorous quality control. Even worse, the multiplication of sparse, specific and bad quality legislation, without due integrative care, leads to the congestion of legal systems, with grave consequences for society. With this excess of legislation, much of it unnecessary, combined with language deficiencies (ambiguity, lack of clarity) and systematization issues (confusing superposition of sparse legislative acts), the effort of people and companies to understand and comply with the law becomes an inhibiting factor to development. Worse still, a confusing legal system, besides generating legal uncertainty and lack of clarity as to the effectiveness of this legislative jumble, violates some foundations of democracy, since it hinders the Laws accessibility, and the common citizens comprehension of the legal commands. As a reaction to this scenario of Crisis of the Law, some techniques of legislative organization have been developed and employed over the last few decades. The studies developed herein aim at identifying them, more specifically in what concerns the fixing of existing legislation through the method of legal consolidation, with the goal of contributing to the urgent and necessary debate about legislative organization in the Brazilian context.

Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The failure to rationalise business processes and Information Technology (IT) systems inhibits the ability of organisations to capitalise and create synergies for a merger. Rationalisation of business processes to create a unified Information Systems (IS) portfolio plays a significant role in the success of a merger. The synergies of a merger are entrenched in the rationalisation business processes where the creation of a unified IS portfolio becomes vital. The consolidation of business units performing similar business functions in a horisontal merger creates a negative physiological environment to those affected by the change. A case study of a merged financial institution was conducted where the research explored factors affecting the rationalisation of business processes and IT systems when business units merge. The research questions to explore the factors are: 1) What are the factors affecting the business process and IT systems rationalisation when business units merge? 2) How does the rationalisation of business processes affect the IT systems in the merged financial institution?Politics and cultural differences are among the challenges experienced during the rationalisation process in the merged financial institution. Collaboration among professionals is important to ensure the success of IS implementation, thus corporate executives need to identify cultural differences during the pre-merger stage. The IT system chosen to consolidate legacy mainframe systems did not align with the organisation’s client centric strategy. Alignment can be strengthened by the collaboration of business and IT to ensure a common vision is achieved.

The target of this thesis was to analyze the differences between the designs and implementation of the common facilities within the already finished comprehensive land consolidation in the district of České Budějovice. As model representative of the tested complex, KPÚ Bohunice nad Vltavou was selected where the detailed analysis of the design of individual common facilities was compared with the state found out by the terrain reconnaissance. Based on these observations also the principal differences of the implementation and the project were found out, especially in non-respecting the suggested anti-erosion measures.The results of the following analysis of data from the whole district show that the main problem of the implementation is neglecting the shaping and protection of landscape due to the insufficient support in legislation. In the end, measures were suggested which could help to implement also other common facilities than the field paths. In the end, measures were suggested which could help to implement also other common facilities that the field ways.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo examinar se – como aponta parte da literatura - há alguma similaridade entre situação econômica e valores democráticos, isto é, se a variação ou estabilização se manifestam da mesma maneira nas duas dimensões. A importância deste trabalho reside no fato de que durante a segunda metade do século XX aconteceram a segunda e terceira ondas democráticas, fazendo com que o número de regimes que se definem como democracias aumentasse significativamente: nesse sentido, no final deste mesmo século e início do século seguinte, muitos países sofreram o impacto de crises econômicas e de queda da satisfação com os regimes democráticos e da confiança em suas instituições. Desse modo, para observar de que maneira a opinião pública se comporta diante das flutuações de índices econômicos, são verificados os casos do Brasil, Uruguai, Espanha e Finlândia, propondo-se uma análise de dados econômicos do Banco Mundial – no que diz respeito ao desemprego, inflação, PIB per capita, PIB crescimento anual, Índice de GINI - e do PNUD - sobreÍndice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) - em comparação com indicadores de atitudes democráticas, como satisfação e confiança nas instituições públicas, do Latino e Eurobarômetro nos últimos vinte anos, para tentar descobrir se há, de fato, similaridade de comportamento entre as duas dimensões nestes países. / This article aims to examine whether - as points of the literature - there is a relationship between economic status and democratic values, in other words, if the variation or stabilization manifest the same way in two dimensions. The importance of this work lies in the fact that during the second half of the twentieth century happened the second and third democratic wave, causing the number of schemes that call themselves democracies increased significantly: in this sense, at the end of this same century and beginning of the next century, many countries suffered the impact of economic crises and loss of satisfaction with democratic regimes and trust in their institutions. Thus, to observe how the public opinion behaves in the face of economic indices fluctuations, are verified the cases of Brazil, Uruguay, Spain and Finland, proposing a World Bank economic data analysis - with regard to unemployment, inflation, GDP per capita, GDP annual growth, GINI index and of the UNDP data about Human Development Index (HDI) - compared with democratic attitudes indicators such as satisfaction and trust in public institutions, of Latinobarómetro and Eurobarometer in the last twenty years to find out if there is, indeed, the relationship between the two dimensions in these countries.

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Diploma: Mechanical Engineering, Technikon Natal, 1990. / Increasing fuel prices have forced marine engineers and diesel engine manufacturers to look at methods of. reducing fuel consumption without a loss in output power. Engineers are always Investigating the following points: (1) decreasing the specific fuel consumption (2) enabling engines to use worse fuels ... (3) extending part load capability (4) using as much waste heat as possible. The sources of heat loss are investigated and the design of an efficient heat recovery system has been evaluated for Ideal temperature and heat conditions. after taking lnto consideration the various methods of heat recovery that are possible on the fishing trawler MFV Roxana Bank. Sources of heat loss identified by engine manufacturers are found primarily in engine cooling water and exhaust systems. These methods are investigated and extra heat transfer systems have become apparent. The use of exhaust gas boilers in diesel engine installations has become widespread as there is always a demand for heating services regardless of vessel type. The predominant form of heat transfer on the Roxana Bank is by forced convection and fluids must always remain in a turbulent state when passing through heat exchange apparatus. The introduction to heat exchangers shows that a high degree of turbulence in both primary and secondary fluids will the overall heat transfer coefficient and also reduce fouling. The design parameters of the heat recovery systems discussed as suitable for the Roxana Bank require the existing cooling water system to be scrapped and a fresh water system with one central cooler to be designed with a high temperature and a low temperature circuit together with a variable speed pump arrangement. should be fitted with such central cooling systems for a number of reasons. The central cooler system Is discussed In detail and it is shown that existing ships and/or new buildings The heat recovery system requires a certain degree of automation to prevent undercooling of the main engine systems and to maintain set Inlet and outlet temperatures to makers specifications. After attending the Roxana Bank on the 09/10 November 1989, the monitored operati~g parameters show a marked deviation to the Ideal temperatures, particularly In the cylinder cooling water circuit ... temperatures. The adverse effects these deviations have on the heat recovery and combined engine load fluctuations found on the Roxana Bank show that steady state heat recovery Is difficult to achieve on this particular type of vessel. Through calculation it Is shown that the envisaged steam turbine alternator is not practical due to the combination of low feed water inlet temperatures to the boiler and insufficient driving steam. The consequence of the reduction in electrical load on the power take off alternators have on the exhaust gas mass flow rates due to reduced engine load are also discussed. A brief mention is also made of organic fluid and thermal oil systems as a form heat recovery and possibilities for efficient heat transfer using these systems. ii Recommendations are made to Irvin and Johnson with regards to a centralised cooling system and the benefits that can be realised with regard to more efficient heat exchanger operations, but that heat recovery on the Roxana Bank from the proposed sources is not a viable proposition. / M

nÃo hà / The oil and gas sector in Brazil is quite heated, mainly by investment in the production of the layer of pre-salt and the construction of new refineries. This case study of quantitative nature, aimed to assess how the change in the form of freight charges for purchases of materials made by an oil refinery in the state of Ceara will enable the increasement of workloads consolidation and the reduction of the time limits for delivery of these materials, as well as to propose a procurement system that offers a solution to the problem.The data collection was carried out through two instruments: a survey of data for the purchase of materials made for the refinery during the year of 2013 and a semistructured questionnaire, sent to the main suppliers.To analyze the quantitative results of the study, it was used the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0.It was proposed as a system of purchases the carrying out of the acquisitions in the modality FCA, in which materials would be collected by a contracted carrier for the refinery tank supplier.The results show that the change in the modality of freight, from DDP to FCA, may cause a reduction in delivery time up to five days, although it does not make a large increasement in consolidation of workloads.The study was also able to verify that this change may cause a reduction close to 1% in the cost of transport for loads of a value around R$ 1,000.00, in addition to other secondary gains, such as reducing the amount of carriers that would access the refinery, with a consequent reduction of the administrative effort to receive and care for carriers. / O setor de petrÃleo e gÃs no Brasil està bastante aquecido, principalmente pelos investimentos na produÃÃo da camada de prÃ-sal e as construÃÃes de novas refinarias. Este estudo de caso, de natureza quantitativa, teve como objetivo avaliar como a alteraÃÃo da modalidade de frete das aquisiÃÃes de materiais realizadas por uma refinaria de petrÃleo do estado do Cearà viabilizarà o aumento da consolidaÃÃo de cargas e a reduÃÃo dos prazos de entrega desses materiais, bem como propor um sistema de compras que ofereÃa soluÃÃo ao problema. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante dois instrumentos: levantamento dos dados das aquisiÃÃes de materiais realizadas para a refinaria durante o ano de 2013 e questionÃrio semiestruturado, enviado para os principais fornecedores. Para analisar os resultados quantitativos do estudo, fez-se uso do Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versÃo 19.0. Foi proposta como sistema de compras a realizaÃÃo das aquisiÃÃes na modalidade FCA, na qual os materiais seriam coletados por transportadora contratada pela refinaria no depÃsito do fornecedor. Os resultados demonstram que a alteraÃÃo na modalidade de frete, de DDP para FCA, poderà provocar reduÃÃo nos prazos de entrega de atà 5 dias, apesar de nÃo viabilizar grande aumento da consolidaÃÃo de cargas. O estudo tambÃm foi capaz de verificar que essa alteraÃÃo poderà provocar reduÃÃo prÃxima a 1% no custo de transporte para cargas de valor em torno de R$ 1.000,00, alÃm de outros ganhos secundÃrios, como a reduÃÃo da quantidade de transportadores que acessariam a refinaria, com consequente reduÃÃo do esforÃo administrativo para recepÃÃo e atendimento aos transportadores.

A indústria de mineração gera uma vasta quantidade de rejeitos que são comumente depositados em reservatórios ou lagoas de contenção. Para dimensionar adequadamente estas construções, quando o rejeito é altamente compressível, é necessário estudar as características de consolidação deste material através de técnicas que contemplem grandes deformações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo implantar a técnica HCT (Hydraulic Consolidation Test) nos laboratórios do departamento de Geotecnia da EESC-USP e consolidar a utilização da técnica TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry). Também teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de consolidação de rejeitos argilosos contidos em uma barragem com o uso de técnicas de laboratório (HCT) e de campo (TDR). Nos ensaios de laboratório foi utilizada a técnica HCT, enquanto que em campo foi utilizada a técnica TDR. Em laboratório, realizaram-se ensaios com amostras coletadas na região do vertedouro e do canal de lançamento de rejeitos. Foram realizadas diversas análises com estas amostras utilizando a técnica HCT, tendo como resultado uma pequena variação nos parâmetros de consolidação obtidos. Através destes parâmetros foi calculada a curva de compressibilidade de laboratório. A técnica TDR fez uso de uma sonda desenvolvida especialmente para este fim, sendo realizada uma calibração previa em laboratório com o material da barragem. A técnica TDR apresentou, de forma instantânea, a estimativa do teor de umidade para as sondagens realizadas na barragem de rejeitos. Com os resultados da técnica TDR, os índices de vazios foram calculados por correlações e, por fim, calculadas as tensões efetivas atuantes em cada profundidade estudada, gerando uma curva de compressibilidade de campo. Pode-se então comparar as curvas de compressibilidade de laboratório e campo obtendo-se uma grande proximidade entre os valores. Conclui-se que ambas as técnicas são validas para avaliação do processo de consolidação de materiais moles em barragens de rejeitos. / The mining industry generates a large amount of tailing, which is usually placed in tailing dams. To properly design these constructions, when the tailing is highly compressible, it is necessary to study the consolidation characteristics of this material by means of techniques that consider large deformations. This study aimed to establish the technique HCT (Hydraulic Consolidation Test) in the laboratories of the department of Geotechnical Engineering, EESC-USP and consolidate the use of the technique TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry). This research work also aimed to evaluate the process of consolidation of clayey tailings through laboratory and field tests. For laboratory tests it was used the Hydraulic Consolidation Test (HCT) whereas field tests used the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique. The laboratory tests were carried out with samples collected in the spillway and next to the discharge spigot. Several analyses were performed using the HCT technique. The analysis results showed very little variations in the consolidation parameter values. The compressibility curve was determined using these consolidation parameters. The TDR tests were carried out using a probe specifically designed for this purpose. Laboratory calibration was performed with samples collected in the dam. One advantage of the TDR technique is to provide in real time estimates of the soil water content. With the water content profiles provided by the TDR technique, void ratio and effective stress profiles were determined using correlations obtained in laboratory, enabling to find a field compressibility curve. Then, the laboratory and field compressibility curves were compared, showing them very close to each other. It was concluded that both techniques are valid for evaluating the process of consolidation of soft materials in tailings dams.

Why do some (non)violent civil resistances in nondemocracies achieve democracy while others do not? In order to answer this question, this project examined factors that result in different outcomes and the mechanisms critical to democratization. In particular, I paid close attention to whether autocracies failing after successful (non)violent civil resistance adopted transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms such as trials, truth commissions, and amnesty, and how civil society worked in each course of democratization. I explored the conditions of democratic consolidation (e.g., economic development, democratic neighbors, and political institution) and among them, focused on the civil culture that led citizens to participate positively and actively in politics with belief and trust. I found that in the course of democratization, implementing TJ policies is necessary in order to build inter-group trust and encourage citizens to participate critically in political reform. Because TJ mechanisms are designed to make past wrongdoers accountable and reconcile conflicting sides, these approaches can strengthen civic culture and promote reconciliation by restoring the rule of law and rebuilding victims’ dignity. In addition, I argued that a robust civil society (CS) plays a vital role in sustaining democracy, not only by encouraging TJ adoption, but also by playing roles such as supporter, mobilizer, enforcer, monitor, and so on. In this context, I suggested that (non)violent civil resistance can contribute to building a robust CS. Particularly, nonviolent and large resistance with diverse participants can increase the capacity, legitimacy, and representativeness of a CS so that it can play its role(s) properly. Statistical analysis with large-n data supported these arguments. Despite the controversy in the literature, adoption of TJ policies turned out to be a positively significant factor for achieving democratic consolidation; and, the robustness of CS, which can be developed through (non)violent civil resistance, was significant as well, particularly at the early phase of the democratization process. The application to the 2011 Arab Uprising cases (Tunisia and Egypt) that focused on TJ adoption and the role of CS revealed consistent conclusions as well. Although there are several limitations to this study, I attempted to reveal the importance of the linkages among steps to democratization and increase understanding of the “process” rather than simply the “cause” or “result.” In addition, the findings can be implemented in policies for proliferating democracy by supporting/encouraging democratization from the ground up (i.e., below), CS growth, and TJ adoption after transition.

M.Com. (Business Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

No description available.