O presente trabalho pesquisou os processos de egocentrismo e descentração na do-cência no ensino superior e suas possíveis conseqüências sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem. O principal referencial teórico utilizado foi a Epistemologia Genética piagetiana. Procurou-se investigar a possibilidade de os professores diferenciarem o seu próprio ponto de vista dos pontos de vista dos alunos e a possibilidade de coordenarem os diferentes pontos de vista que se constituem em sala de aula. A coleta de dados baseou-se em uma metodologia qualitativa, consistindo numa adaptação do método clínico piagetiano. Realizaram-se en-trevistas com professores, observações de suas aulas e entrevistas com alunos. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram seis professores do quadro efetivo da UFRGS, de diferentes áreas de co-nhecimento, todos com mais de 10 anos de experiência docente nesta universidade. Foram encontrados três níveis do egocentrismo à descentração. O primeiro nível equivale àquele em que o professor não diferencia o ponto de vista do aluno do seu próprio ponto de vista. O segundo nível equivale àquele em que o professor diferencia os pontos de vista existentes em sala de aula, porém, não os coordena. O terceiro nível é aquele em que o professor, além de diferenciar, consegue coordenar os distintos pontos de vista que se cons-tituem em sala de aula. / The present paper deals with the processes of egocentrism and decentration in high-er education and possible consequences on teaching and learning. The main theoretical ref-erential utilized was Piaget's Genetics Epistemology. In writing the paper, an investigation was conducted on the possibility of teachers differentiating between their own viewpoint and their students' and the possibility of coordinating the diverse viewpoints that come up in a classroom. The data collection was based on a qualitative methodology, which consist-ed in an adaptation of Piaget's clinic method with teacher interviews, observation of their classes and student interviews. The survey subjects were six tenured teachers from different areas of knowledge, all of them with over ten years of experience teaching at UFGRS. Three levels were identified from egocentrism to decentration. The first level con-sists in a teacher who does not distinguish the students' viewpoint from his own. The sec-ond level is the one where the teacher differentiates the viewpoints in the classroom, but he or she does not coordinate them. The third level is the one where the teacher not only dif-ferentiates viewpoints, but is also able to coordinate the various viewpoints surfacing in the classroom. / El presente trabajo investigó los procesos de egocentrismo y descentración en la do-cencia en la enseñanza superior y sus posibles consecuencias sobre la enseñanza y el apren-dizaje. El principal referencial teórico utilizado fue la Epistemología Genética piagetiana. Se procuró investigar la posibilidad de que los profesores diferencien su propio punto de vista de los puntos de vista de los alumnos y la posibilidad de coordinar los diferentes pun-tos de vista que se constituyen en el salón de clases. La recolección de datos se basó en una metodología cualitativa que consistió en una adaptación del método clínico piagetiano. Se realizaron entrevistas con profesores, observaciones de sus clases y entrevistas con alum-nos. Los sujetos investigados fueron seis profesores del cuadro efectivo de la UFRGS, de diferentes áreas de conocimiento, todos con más de diez años de experiencia docente en es-ta universidad. Se encontraron tres niveles del egocentrismo a la descentración. El primer nivel equivale a aquel en el cual el profesor no diferencia el punto de vista del alumno del suyo propio. El segundo nivel equivale a aquel en el cual el profesor diferencia los puntos de vis-ta existentes en el salón de clases, pero no los coordina. El tercer nivel es aquel en el cual el profesor, además de diferenciar, consigue coordinar los distintos puntos de vista que se constituyen en el salón de clases.

O presente trabalho pesquisou os processos de egocentrismo e descentração na do-cência no ensino superior e suas possíveis conseqüências sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem. O principal referencial teórico utilizado foi a Epistemologia Genética piagetiana. Procurou-se investigar a possibilidade de os professores diferenciarem o seu próprio ponto de vista dos pontos de vista dos alunos e a possibilidade de coordenarem os diferentes pontos de vista que se constituem em sala de aula. A coleta de dados baseou-se em uma metodologia qualitativa, consistindo numa adaptação do método clínico piagetiano. Realizaram-se en-trevistas com professores, observações de suas aulas e entrevistas com alunos. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram seis professores do quadro efetivo da UFRGS, de diferentes áreas de co-nhecimento, todos com mais de 10 anos de experiência docente nesta universidade. Foram encontrados três níveis do egocentrismo à descentração. O primeiro nível equivale àquele em que o professor não diferencia o ponto de vista do aluno do seu próprio ponto de vista. O segundo nível equivale àquele em que o professor diferencia os pontos de vista existentes em sala de aula, porém, não os coordena. O terceiro nível é aquele em que o professor, além de diferenciar, consegue coordenar os distintos pontos de vista que se cons-tituem em sala de aula. / The present paper deals with the processes of egocentrism and decentration in high-er education and possible consequences on teaching and learning. The main theoretical ref-erential utilized was Piaget's Genetics Epistemology. In writing the paper, an investigation was conducted on the possibility of teachers differentiating between their own viewpoint and their students' and the possibility of coordinating the diverse viewpoints that come up in a classroom. The data collection was based on a qualitative methodology, which consist-ed in an adaptation of Piaget's clinic method with teacher interviews, observation of their classes and student interviews. The survey subjects were six tenured teachers from different areas of knowledge, all of them with over ten years of experience teaching at UFGRS. Three levels were identified from egocentrism to decentration. The first level con-sists in a teacher who does not distinguish the students' viewpoint from his own. The sec-ond level is the one where the teacher differentiates the viewpoints in the classroom, but he or she does not coordinate them. The third level is the one where the teacher not only dif-ferentiates viewpoints, but is also able to coordinate the various viewpoints surfacing in the classroom. / El presente trabajo investigó los procesos de egocentrismo y descentración en la do-cencia en la enseñanza superior y sus posibles consecuencias sobre la enseñanza y el apren-dizaje. El principal referencial teórico utilizado fue la Epistemología Genética piagetiana. Se procuró investigar la posibilidad de que los profesores diferencien su propio punto de vista de los puntos de vista de los alumnos y la posibilidad de coordinar los diferentes pun-tos de vista que se constituyen en el salón de clases. La recolección de datos se basó en una metodología cualitativa que consistió en una adaptación del método clínico piagetiano. Se realizaron entrevistas con profesores, observaciones de sus clases y entrevistas con alum-nos. Los sujetos investigados fueron seis profesores del cuadro efectivo de la UFRGS, de diferentes áreas de conocimiento, todos con más de diez años de experiencia docente en es-ta universidad. Se encontraron tres niveles del egocentrismo a la descentración. El primer nivel equivale a aquel en el cual el profesor no diferencia el punto de vista del alumno del suyo propio. El segundo nivel equivale a aquel en el cual el profesor diferencia los puntos de vis-ta existentes en el salón de clases, pero no los coordina. El tercer nivel es aquel en el cual el profesor, además de diferenciar, consigue coordinar los distintos puntos de vista que se constituyen en el salón de clases.

Angle-Mort de la construction nationale péruvienne, le Haut Marañón est habité par les populations indigènes awajún et wampís, et décrété terre de mission chrétienne au milieu du XXème siècle. Ce territoire amazonien, situé au nord-Est du pays sur une zone frontalière disputée avec l’Équateur depuis les débuts de l’ère républicaine, fait l’objet d’un projet d'intégration à la sphère étatique et nationale. Colonisation interne par des populations paysannes métisses, exploration du sous-Sol préalable à l’élaboration de plans d'extraction minière, pénétration des pratiques narcotrafiquantes, institutionnalisation des œuvres scolaire et médicale: de confin relégué à un statut d’invisibilité, le Haut Marañón devient alors un front de progression de la "société englobante”, nationale puis internationale. Cette recherche retrace l'histoire de la "rencontre" entre deux sphères culturelles, indigène et englobante, dont le Haut Marañón est le théâtre, de l’arrivée des jésuites en 1946 à 2009, date du Baguazo, un conflit sanglant survenu dans la ville de Bagua entre indigènes et forces de police. La thèse montre que loin de se limiter à une simple absorption du marginal par le national, cette rencontre a suscité l'intérêt d'une société civile encore en gestation, et précipité une remise en question partielle du paradigme historique de construction nationale, jusqu'alors sous-Tendu par des logiques socio-Raciales discriminantes et inégalitaires. / As an overlooked piece of Peru’s nation building process, the High Marañón region was mainly populated by indigenous, Awajún and Wampís populations until it was designated a Christian mission land in the middle of the XXth century. This Amazonian territory, located on the northeastern part of the country on the border with Ecuador, has been in diplomatic dispute since the early republican era. As a result, it became the focus of projects whose aim was to integrate the High Marañón into the nation and whose outcome was a number of new phenomena such as a process of “internal colonization” by peasants of mixed race, a series of subsoil explorations for mining extraction, and the institutionalization of activities related to education and health. From a forlorn land made invisible by the limitations of peruvian state apparatus, the High Marañón region became a battleground in the progression of global dynamics. This research aims to narrate the history of the “encounter” of two cultural areas, the indigenous one and the global one, from the arrival of the Jesuit mission in 1946 to the Baguazo event, so-Named after a bloody conflict between indigenous activists and police forces in the city of Bagua which took place in 2009. This research demonstrates that far from limiting itself to a mere absorption of a margin by a nation, this encounter has aroused the interest of Peruvian civil society, and partially called into question the historical nation-Building paradigm, in which socio-Racially biased logics have thusfar prevailed.

Au Canada, les enfants autochtones sont surreprésentés dans les services de protection de l’enfance ainsi que dans les différents types de placement. En ce sens, le but de ce projet était de mieux comprendre la pratique des intervenants oeuvrant en centre jeunesse relativement aux décisions de compromission, de retrait du milieu familial et de placement (interethnique ou culturellement jumelé) des jeunes Autochtones. Les objectifs spécifiques qui découlaient de cet objectif général étaient au nombre de trois : 1. explorer, à travers le point de vue des intervenants oeuvrant à l’étape de l’évaluation/orientation, le processus de prise de décision en ce qui a trait à la compromission, ou non, de la sécurité ou du développement des jeunes autochtones; 2. explorer, à travers le point de vue des intervenants oeuvrant à l’étape de l’évaluation/orientation et de l’application des mesures (prise en charge), le processus de prise de décision en lien au retrait des jeunes autochtones de leur milieu familial et à leur orientation vers un placement en ressource de type familial (RTF) interethnique ou culturellement jumelé; 3. comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui influencent la prise de décision des intervenants dans les différentes étapes du processus de signalement et de prise en charge par rapport au placement des jeunes autochtones. Pour mener à bien ce projet, l’étudiante-chercheure a réalisé une première vague de cueillette de données, soit sept groupes de discussion composés d’intervenantes oeuvrant au sein d’un centre jeunesse situé en zone périphérique des grands centres et desservant plusieurs communautés autochtones. Puis, à partir des éléments ayant émergé de ce matériau, a procédé à une seconde vague, composée cette fois de seize entretiens individuels menés également auprès d’intervenantes oeuvrant à ce même centre jeunesse. La méthodologie utilisée était la théorisation ancrée, ce qui est cohérent avec le cadre théorique (ou concepts sensibilisateurs) utilisé, qui réfère pour sa part à l’interactionnisme symbolique (Blumer, 1969) de même qu’à la pratique réflexive et la construction des savoirs (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995). Les résultats obtenus de ces deux phases ont permis de faire ressortir que le processus des intervenantes en ce qui concerne les décisions de compromission, de retrait et de placement des jeunes autochtones est hautement subjectif, dynamique et systémique. Il réfère aux caractéristiques intrinsèques des intervenantes (le Soi et le Savoir), à travers lesquels elles portent en fait un regard sur une multitude de contraintes (l’Autre et le Résultat des processus antérieurs et à venir) et parmi lesquelles on note, entre autres, le contexte de vie particulier des communautés autochtones, les caractéristiques liées aux dossiers des jeunes, les partenaires légaux, etc. Aussi, au fil de leurs interactions avec les contextes, les choses et les différents « autruis » auprès desquels elles oeuvrent ou avec qui elles collaborent (interactionnisme symbolique), de même qu’au gré des savoirs construits (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995) qu’elles développent à mesure qu’elles gagnent en expérience, les intervenantes en sont venues à développer une façon particulière de prendre leurs décisions, façon qui, en fait, découle de pratiques silencieuses qui, ultimement, leur permettent de maintenir un certain équilibre au sein d’un système de protection peu adapté à la clientèle autochtone. À cet égard, plusieurs recommandations ont été formulées, dont des recommandations pour les centres jeunesse, ceci dans le but de favoriser une pratique qui soit davantage adaptée aux jeunes Autochtones vivant des situations de compromission, de retrait et de placement ainsi qu’à leur famille. / In Canada, Aboriginal children are over-represented in child welfare services as well as in different types of substitute care. In this sense, the goal of this project was the better understand the practice of child protection services workers in relation to decisions of compromise, family withdrawal from the family and placement (inter-ethnic or culturally matched) of Aboriginal youth. The specific objectives which flowed from this general objective were three in number: 1. explore, through the point of view of stakeholders working at the assessment/orientation stage, the decision-making process with regard to the compromise, or not, of the security or development of Aboriginal youth; 2. explore, through the point of view of stakeholders working at the assessment/orientation stage and application of measures stage, the decision-making process related to the withdrawal of Aboriginal youth from their family and their orientation towards an inter-ethnic or culturally matched foster family; 3. understand what are the factors which influence the decision-making of the interveners in the different stages of the process of reporting and application of measures in relation to the placement of Aboriginal youth. To carry out this project, the student-researcher carried out a first wave of data collection (seven focus groups made up of woman workers working in a child protection services located on the outskirts of major centres and providing services to several Aboriginal communities). Then, based on the elements that emerged from this material, a second wave proceeded, this time made up of sixteen one-on-one interviews, also carried out with workers working at the same child protection service. The methodology used is grounded theory, which is consistent with the theoretical framework (or sensitizing concepts) used, which refers to symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969) as well as reflective practice and the construction of knowledge (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995). The results obtained from these two phases have shown that the workers’ process has to the decisions concerning the situation of endangerment, withdrawal and placement of Aboriginal youth is highly subjective, dynamic and systemic. It refers to the intrinsic characteristics of the workers (the Self and Knowledge), through which they actually examine a multitude of constraints (the Other and the Result of past and future processes) and among which we note, among other things, the particular life context of Aboriginal communities, characteristics related to youth files, legal partners, etc. Also, throughout their interactions with contexts, things and different “others” with whom they work or with whom they collaborate (symbolic interactionism), as well as the knowledge they build (Schön, 1994; Racine, 1995) that they develop as they gain experience, they have come to develop a particular way of making their decisions, a way that, in fact, stems from silent practices that, ultimately, allow them to maintain a certain balance within a protection system that is unsuitable for Aboriginal clients. In this regard, a number of recommendations were made, including recommendations for youth centres, with a view to promoting a practice that is more adapted to Aboriginal youth in endangered situations, withdrawal and placement and to their families.