Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-21T12:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Ilana Lenzi.pdf: 2019221 bytes, checksum: 9ed1794f230c4c8f1c34b0efc4943b9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Ilana Lenzi.pdf: 2019221 bytes, checksum: 9ed1794f230c4c8f1c34b0efc4943b9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research analyzes the credit crisis in Brazil, stimulated by public policies, with the appearance of an advantage for the consumer, but which has been generating losses of this relationship in the market, by the non-realization of social justice, through respect for basic human rights and non-adaptation of the contract to the new social reality. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the need for the presence of legal institutes in credit - related contracts of adhesion, constituted with the capitalist ideal of mass production, making the relation notoriously asymmetrical between consumer and supplier involved, for the affront to the dictates of freedom by the vulnerable. Part of the historical analysis of money and credit, and the behavior of man in the pursuit of his development, with the conquests of rights and the modifications of the contract, adapting to the needs of society and detaching himself from the purely individualistic thinking coming from the capitalist ideals. The overcoming of the problem is based on the constitutional order of the mother country in the harmonization with the norms related to free market initiative and those related to the human-consumer right, crucial for guaranteeing human dignity, necessary to balance the conditions of the contractors, achieving genuine ends Progress of the parties by the agreement. The influence of external, national and international factors such as globalization, politics, technological and social evolution, influence the progress of the contract, emphasizing the importance of the State in exercising its role of dirigism in order to compensate these factors and not allow the ruin of the Credit-related contracts, and their potential influence on the collapse of the organized system in which we live, and negatively reflect on social peace. The contract must follow the adaptations of the social dynamics, with respect to freedom from information, which requires regulation and supervision, in view of the changing characteristics of the relationship, and the relevant fact of consumer dependence on credit to have access to products and services of the consumer market, and improve their quality of life / A pesquisa analisa a crise do crédito no Brasil, estimulada por políticas públicas, com aparência de vantagem para o consumidor, mas que vem gerando prejuízos dessa relação no mercado, pela não concretização da justiça social, via o respeito aos direitos básicos do homem e não adaptação do contrato à nova realidade social. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar a necessidade da presença de institutos jurídicos nos contratos de adesão relacionados ao crédito, constituídos com o ideal capitalista de produção em massa, tornando a relação notoriamente assimétrica entre consumidor e fornecedor envolvidos, pela afronta ao ditame da liberdade pelo vulnerável. Parte da análise histórica sobre o dinheiro, o crédito e o comportamento do homem na busca do seu desenvolvimento, com as conquistas de direitos e as modificações do contrato, adaptando-se às necessidades da sociedade e se desprendendo do pensamento puramente individualista advindo dos ideais capitalistas. A superação do problema encontra fundamento na ordem constitucional pátria, na harmonização com as normas relacionadas à livre iniciativa do mercado e com aquelas referentes ao direito do homem-consumidor, cruciais para garantir a dignidade humana, necessárias para equilibrar as condições dos contratantes, realizando os fins genuínos de progresso das partes pela avença. Os fatores externos, nacionais e internacionais como a globalização, a política, a evolução tecnológica e social, influenciam o andamento do contrato, ressaltando a importância do Estado em exercer seu papel de dirigismo a fim de compensar esses fatores e não permitir a ruina dos contratos relacionados ao crédito e sua potencial influência no colapso do sistema organizado em que vivemos, e refletir negativamente na paz social. O contrato deve seguir as adaptações da dinâmica social, com respeito à liberdade advinda da informação, que necessita de regulagem e fiscalização atuantes, diante das características mutáveis da relação, e o fato relevante da dependência do consumidor do crédito para ter acesso aos produtos e serviços do mercado de consumo e melhorar sua qualidade de vida

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:30:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Leme Crespo.pdf: 3517823 bytes, checksum: 8cde8ddf8212f42e71fd1ed3ebe676ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Leme Crespo.pdf: 3517823 bytes, checksum: 8cde8ddf8212f42e71fd1ed3ebe676ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / From the simple conventions and pacts foreseen in the Roman Empire to the creation of a formal contractual instrument; from the "Pacta Sunt Servanda" to the Contractual Direction; of the French Napoleon Code, which guaranteed liberty and volitional autonomy, to the Brazilian Code of Defense of the Consumer and Civil Code, with a singular restriction; these are small examples of the changes that the contract figure has suffered over the years, from a formal or material point of view, which is why law, doctrine and jurisprudence seek to adapt to this new reality. The old paradigms are no longer enough to solve the daily problems, mainly in the mass consumption brought by the Industrial Revolution and the Consumer Society. This traditional rule, which is an isolated analysis of a contract, gave rise to a new contracting technique, which was mainly carried out by the edition of the Consumer Protection Code (1990) and the new Civil Code (2002), which are intertwined because of dialogue. If, before, the legislation was based on individualism, the result of a Liberal State in which private autonomy and immutability had absolute contours, the Brazilian system changed drastically, adopting a position much more directed to the balance of the relation, to good faith the social function of the contract and, above all, the protection of consumer vulnerability, all converging to the constitutional principle of the dignity of the human person. The consumption contracts in Brazil, the target of the present work, have largely been standardized, of mere adherence and sometimes totally unbalanced, hence the reason - perhaps the greatest one - of state interventionism over classical liberalism. All this, together with the depersonalization of contractual relations in supposed benefit of the common good, brought a new legal panorama to these consumer contracts, with possible reflection on their social credibility. In fact, the analysis of such developments, notably its causes, characteristics and consequences, makes up the central object of the study proposed here. It is well seen that the theme is current, complex and inviting repercussion / Das singelas convenções e pactos previstos no Império Romano à criação de um instrumento contratual formal; do ”Pacta Sunt Servanda” ao Dirigismo Contratual; do Código de Napoleão francês, que garantia a liberdade e autonomia volitiva, ao Código de Defesa do Consumidor e Código Civil brasileiros, de restrição singular; esses são pequenos exemplos das modificações que a figura do contrato sofreu ao longo dos anos, quer do ponto de vista formal ou material, razão pela qual a lei, doutrina e jurisprudência buscam se adaptar a esta nova realidade. Os antigos paradigmas já não se mostram suficientes para solucionar os problemas cotidianos, principalmente no consumo de massa trazido pela Revolução Industrial e pela Sociedade de Consumo. Aquela regra tradicional, de análise isolada de um contrato, deu lugar a uma nova técnica de contratação, protagonizada, sobretudo, pela edição do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (1990) e do novo Código Civil (2002), que se entrelaçam em razão do diálogo das fontes. Se, antes, a legislação estava pautada no individualismo, fruto de um Estado Liberal em que a autonomia privada e a imutabilidade tinham contornos absolutos, o sistema brasileiro se modificou drasticamente, adotando uma postura muito mais voltada ao equilíbrio da relação, à boa-fé contratual, à (dis)função social do contrato e, principalmente, à proteção da vulnerabilidade do consumidor, tudo convergindo ao princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana. Os contratos de consumo no Brasil, alvo do presente trabalho, passaram, em grande parte, a ser padronizados, de mera adesão e, algumas vezes, totalmente desequilibrados, daí a razão - talvez a maior - do intervencionismo estatal em detrimento do liberalismo clássico. Tudo isso, aliado à despersonalização das relações contratuais em suposto benefício do bem comum, trouxe um novo panorama jurídico a estes contratos de consumo, com possível reflexo na sua credibilidade social. Aliás, a análise de tais desdobramentos, notadamente suas causas, características e consequências, perfaz o objeto central do estudo que ora se propõe. Bem se vê que o tema é atual, complexo e de repercussão convidativa

民國93年4月醫療法修正通過，第82條第2項明文規定：「醫療機構及其醫事人員因執行業務致生損害於病人，以故意或過失為限，負損害賠償責任。」本條之立法意旨係為避免一般必要性醫療若採無過失責任，則會造成防禦性醫療之產生，誠非病患與社會之益。雖修法後認定醫療行為不適用無過失責任規定，但醫療行為是否適用消保法其他規定，則未明文。然，新興醫療型態之美容醫學出現，人們不再單純為了治癒疾病進而追求外觀美貌，破除了一般必要性醫療之特性，此種「非治療性」且「非必要性」醫療的美容醫學服務，缺乏公益性且具消費營利特性，本文認為法律適用應與一般必要性醫療區別。又，我國消費者保護法未對服務設有定義性之文字，故本文加以分析美容醫學適用消費者保護法之理由。 研究方法上係以文獻分析法、美容醫學相關判決書內容分析法、美容醫學使用者之深度訪談法、筆者實際訪查美容醫學診所之參與觀察法，藉此推論出美容醫學之特性加以定性，亦從中了解美容醫學產業真實狀況以提出法律適用上之疑義。 管見認為我國應加強於美容醫學處置分類及美容醫學作業方面的能力要求、針對美容醫學廣告管制、美容醫學手術作業標準與美容醫學道德規範之建立。另，本文建議醫療法第82條第2項修法增訂但書：「但非以治療疾病目的之醫療行為，不在此限。」此種修法方式，則區分一般必要性醫療行為與非必要醫療行為，一則保護美容醫學消費者的權益，二則可據其反面解釋，更進一步確認「一般必要性醫療行為」適用過失責任之立法意旨。 / In 2014 April, Medical Care Act amend Article 82 section 2 “Medical care institutions and their medical personnel who harm patients in the execution of practice, whether deliberate or by accident, shall be responsible for compensation.” The purpose of this article is to avoid “Defensive Medicine” happen when the essential medical procedures apply to the no-fault liability, because Defensive Medicine won’t benefit the patients and the whole society. As a result, medical practice does not apply to strict liability after amending Medical Care Act. However, it doesn’t show medical practice is applicable Consumer Protection Law or not. Nowadays, people are no longer only to cure disease but to pursue the appearance of beauty. Therefore, new type of medical treatments appears - Aesthetic Medicine. This kind of medical treatment breaks down the traits of the essential medical procedures, such as "non-therapeutic" and "non-essential". Aesthetic Medicine which is losing sight of public welfare is actually a business guided by market structures aimed primarily at material gain and profit. Therefore, this study discusses the difference between Aesthetic Medicine and Medical Necessity, and why they should have the different applications of law. In Taiwan, Consumer Protection Law doesn’t define “the service”, so this study analyzed the reasons why Aesthetic Medicine should include in “the service” that should apply to Consumer Protection Law. The method of this study were Documentary Analysis, Content Analysis of the judgments relate to the Aesthetic Medicine, in-depth interview of the Aesthetic Medicine users, Participant Observation of the Aesthetic Medicine clinics, infer a conclusion from the fact that can realize the traits of the Aesthetic Medicine and question the way Aesthetic Medicine apply to the law. The results of this study would provide useful information in drawing related regulations, policies and management strategies. Key words: Cosmetic medicine, consumer protection laws, the non-necessity of medical care, medical cosmetic, medical disputes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maraisa Cristina de Moraes.pdf: 1785001 bytes, checksum: 2e9231fa835a41ecec79b76690fc58d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-19 / The present paper aims to explore two frequent types of real-estate incorporation contracts: the purchase and sale of the unit as a future thing and the pact subject to chattel mortgage. To study the archetypes of these contracts with their vicissitudes and purposes associated with the Consumer Protection Law System analysis is the goal of this study, in order to present the structural characteristics and the way that these laws have been receipted and applied in different real estate business. After that, we ll start with what we see as the most important part of this paper: the nowadays issues in material relations between the contracting parties and the solutions that starts to be spreaded by individual judicial decisions related with the delay on delivering the final product or delay the mismatch between the final product and the contracted one, bringing light to a lot of different situations that demand higher attention from development companies / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar dois tipos de contratos de incorporação imobiliária frequentes: a promessa de compra e venda de unidade como coisa futura e pacto adjeto de alienação fiduciária. Estudar esses arquétipos de contratos, com suas vicissitudes e finalidades, associado ao microssistema do Código de Defesa do Consumidor constitui o propósito deste trabalho, que também se desdobrará apresentando as características presentes na sua estrutura, o modo como vem sendo recepcionado e aplicado nos diferentes negócios imobiliários. A partir daí, chegarmos ao momento culminante que abordará os problemas atuais enfrentados nas relações materiais entre as partes contratantes e as soluções que começam a ser propagadas pelas normas jurídicas individuais criadas em decisões judiciais no que se refere ao atraso na entrega da obra e na parte relativa a entrega de um imóvel diverso do pactuado contratualmente, sinalizando o início de uma epopeia de múltiplas e reflexivas situações a exigir uma máxima atenção especialmente das empresas incorporadoras