Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-26T14:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Souto Abreu Lima.pdf: 2820587 bytes, checksum: d25ffc37d1a7468d5bf9a15ae5e020b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T14:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Souto Abreu Lima.pdf: 2820587 bytes, checksum: d25ffc37d1a7468d5bf9a15ae5e020b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / LIMA, Erica Souto Abreu. Dynamic of barium in soils treated with barite. 2011. 44p. Dissertation (Master Science in Agronomy, Soil Science) Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Barite is the natural mineral form of barium sulfate (BaSO4), which is used in drilling fluids for oil wells exploration. Although barium sulfate is poorly soluble, and therefore, not very bioavailable to plants and with low mobility, it is not know the magnitude of changes in its dynamics under reducing soil conditions. Thus, the main objective of the study was to evaluate if under extreme reduction conditions the solubilization and release of barium in the soil would occur, increasing risk of contamination to plants and groundwater. Two experiments were conducted in parallel, one in leaching columns and the other in pots, where rice was cultivated as a test plant. In both trials soil samples from an Udox soil were used. The installation of experiments followed a completely randomized design in factorial scheme (4 x 2) with four replications, i.e., composed of control and three levels of barium (100, 300, and 3000 mg kg-1), two moisture levels (at 70% of field capacity and saturated with the maintenance of a 5 cm layer of water), totaling 32 experimental units. The redox potential (Eh), and pH values to reach the Eh of -200 mV were monitored. After reaching these values a rainfall of 200 mm day-1 was simulated in the columns, and volumes of 200 mL were collected. The extract was divided into volumes of 200 mL, corresponding to 1/8 of the soil pore volume, and they were analyzed for levels of barium and other toxic metals. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in the vases remained throughout the vegetative cycle up to about 4 months, when they were harvested and analyzed. The geochemical fractionation was also performed for the elements barium, manganese and iron, by the BCR method. The results showed that the addition of doses of barite in soil, and the condition of extreme reduction led to the increase of barium, iron and manganese in the highest labile fractions. Thereby promoting higher levels of barium in the leachate extract. Under these conditions, the plants showed growth and development reduction. However, the barium may not be the main cause of this reduction, which may be linked to iron toxicity and lower absorption of zinc, phosphorus and calcium. / A baritina ? a forma mineral natural de sulfato de b?rio (BaSO4), que ? amplamente utilizada nos flu?dos de po?os de prospec??o de petr?leo. Apesar do sulfato de b?rio ser pouco sol?vel, e consequentemente, pouco biodispon?vel para as plantas e de baixa mobilidade, n?o se conhece a magnitude das altera??es na sua din?mica em condi??es redutoras do solo. Diante disso, o objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar se em condi??es de extrema redu??o ocorre o aumento da solubiliza??o e como conseq??ncia libera??o do b?rio no solo, potencializando o risco de contamina??o para as plantas e ?guas subterr?neas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em paralelo, sendo um em colunas de lixivia??o e o outro em vasos, onde foi cultivado arroz como planta teste. Em ambos os ensaios foram utilizadas amostras de terra coletadas de Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. A instala??o dos experimentos seguiu o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (4 x 2) com 4 repeti??es, ou seja, composto por testemunha e tr?s doses de b?rio (100, 300 e 3000 mg kg-1), dois teores de umidade (70% CC e saturado com presen?a de l?mina de 5 cm), totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. Foram monitorados o potencial redox (Eh) e o pH, at? atingirem valores de Eh de -200 mV. Ap?s atingirem esses valores foi simulada uma precipita??o pluviom?trica de 200 mm dia-1 nas colunas, onde foram coletados volumes de 200 mL. O extrato foi dividido em volumes de 200 mL, que correspondem a 1/8 do volume de poro da coluna de solo, para em seguida serem analisados quanto aos teores de b?rio e outros metais considerados t?xicos. As plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) foram cultivadas nos potes por todo o ciclo vegetativo (aproximadamente 4 meses) at? serem colhidas e analisadas. Tamb?m foi realizado o fracionamento geoqu?mico para os elementos b?rio, mangan?s e ferro pelo m?todo BCR. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a adi??o das doses de baritina no solo e a condi??o de extrema redu??o, propiciaram o aumento de b?rio, ferro e mangan?s nas fra??es de maior labilidade. Promovendo, assim, maiores teores de b?rio no extrato lixiviado. Nessas condi??es, as plantas apresentaram redu??o no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Por?m o b?rio pode n?o ser o principal causador dessa redu??o, podendo esta estar ligada a toxicidade do ferro e a uma menor absor??o de zinco, f?sforo e c?lcio.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-04T20:21:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Dentre as atividades econ?micas potencialmente poluidoras que comprometem a qualidade do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea est?o os postos revendedores de combust?veis. O vazamento de combust?veis derivados do petr?leo a partir de tanques subterr?neos ou atividades realizadas indevidamente com estes poluentes podem contaminar extensas ?reas, causando s?rios problemas ambientais e toxicol?gicos. O n?mero de postos de combust?veis cresceu desordenadamente, sem nenhum tipo de controle, com isso os impactos ambientais gerados por esses empreendimentos cresceram ocasionando a polui??o do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea. V?rias t?cnicas utilizando tensoativos t?m sido propostas para remedia??o deste tipo de contamina??o. Este estudo apresenta como inova??o a aplica??o de diferentes sistemas contendo tensoativos na fase vapor e compara suas efici?ncias de remo??o de diesel de um solo contendo esse contaminante. Para isso, foi utilizado um sistema que cont?m sete po?os injetores das seguintes solu??es vaporizadas : ?gua, solu??es de tensoativo, microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o, Os tensoativos utilizados foram o ?leo de Coco Saponificado (OCS), em solu??o aquosa e um ?lcool etoxilado UNTL-90: em solu??o aquosa, e em sistemas de microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o. Dentre os sistemas investigados, a nanoemuls?o foi a que apresentou maior efici?ncia de remo??o com 88% do diesel, sendo a mais vi?vel ecol?gica e tecnicamente por ser um sistema com menor teor de mat?ria ativa. / Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of soil and groundwater stations are fuel dealers. Leakage of oil derived fuels in underground tanks or activities improperly with these pollutants can contaminate large areas, causing serious environmental and toxicological problems. The number of gas stations grew haphazardly, without any kind of control, thus the environmental impacts generated by these enterprises grew causing pollution of soil and groundwater. Surfactants using various techniques have been proposed to remedy this kind of contamination. This study presents innovation as the application of different systems containing surfactant in the vapor phase and compares their diesel removal efficiencies of soil containing this contaminant. For this, a system that contains seven injection wells the following vaporized solutions: water, surfactant solution, microemulsion and nanoemulsion, The surfactants used were saponified coconut oil (OCS), in aqueous solution and an ethoxylated alcohol UNTL-90: aqueous solution , and nanoemulsion and microemulsion systems. Among the systems investigated, the nanoemulsion showed the highest efficiency, achieving 88% removal of residual phase diesel, the most ecologically and technically feasible by a system with lower content of active matter

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-28T17:35:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Yusim? P?rez Lop?z.pdf: 5822047 bytes, checksum: 793648c4521da174315eeed1e9bc79dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T17:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Yusim? P?rez Lop?z.pdf: 5822047 bytes, checksum: 793648c4521da174315eeed1e9bc79dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / CAPES / Monitoring of potentially contaminated areas, it is necessary the knowledge of the natural levels of heavy metals and variability factors in soils. The proposition reference value for heavy metals is essential to establish criteria for sustainable use and management, preventing risks to the environment and human health. In this context, the objectives of this research were to determine the quality reference values of heavy metals to soils representative of Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces; evaluating, by sequential extraction, the potential under natural conditions, bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn), and study the variability factors of these elements in the grazing areas in Alturas Nazareno-Mayabeque region. For the establishment of reference values, we selected 11 soil types, with minimal human disturbance, and collected soil samples from depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. In Alturas de Nazareno area soil samples were collected and representative plant in 45 points of grazing areas. To determine the contents pseudototais was used extraction with aqua regia according to ISO 11466 and ISO / DIS 12914 (2012). The geochemical fractionation was carried out by BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) evaluating the distribution of metals in four chemical fractions. Plants in metal contents were obtained by digestion seconds EPA 3052. Later, the data were analyzed by multivariate procedures: principal component analysis (PCA); cluster analysis and discriminant. For the representative soils of the provinces of Mayabeque and Artemisa the results indicated elevated associations between the levels of pseudototais metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn) and bioavailable with Fe, H+Al, clay and pH. The samples were separated in four groups to better express the variability. Group 1 was characterized by lower concentrations of Ni and Cr and intermediate Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The group 2 showed intermediate values of Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn and lower Pb and Cd. Group 3 showed the highest levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd and intermediate Ni and Cr and the group 4 showed very high contents of Ni and Cr and minor Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn in 11 soil types, had a strong association with the residual fraction (F4), mainly in soils with high levels of Fe. There was a low association with the fractions more labile F1 and F2 demonstrating lithogenic origin of these. Chemical attributes that most influence the speciation of metals in representative soils were: pH, Ca, Fe, Mn, H + Al and Mg. To study the variability factors in Nazareth height region, high correlations were observed between metals and especially with Fe and clay. The separation into two groups allowed for distribution within the most homogeneous groups, with Group 2 the highest risk. The Sporobollus indicus species (L) was a good indicator to study the transfer of heavy metals in plants. / No monitoramento de ?reas potencialmente contaminadas, faz-se necess?rio o conhecimento dos teores naturais de metais pesados e dos fatores de variabilidade em solos. A proposi??o de valores de refer?ncia para metais pesados ? fundamental para estabelecer crit?rios de uso e manejo sustent?vel, prevenindo riscos ao meio ambiente e ? sa?de humana. Neste contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: determinaros valores de refer?ncia de qualidade de metais pesados para solos representativos das prov?ncias Mayabeque e Artemisa; avaliar, mediante extra??o sequencial, o potencial, em condi??es naturais, de biodisponibilidade e mobilidade de metais pesados (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe e Mn), e estudar os fatores de variabilidade desses elementos nas ?reas de pastagem na regi?o de Alturas de Nazareno-Mayabeque. Para o estabelecimento dos valores de refer?ncia, foram selecionados 11 tipos de solos, com m?nima perturba??o antr?pica, e coletadas amostras de terra nas profundidades 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Na regi?o de Alturas de Nazareno foram coletadas amostras de solo e planta representativas em 45 pontos de ?reas de pastagem. Para a determina??o dos teores pseudototaisfoi utilizada a extra??o com ?gua r?gia, conforme a ISO 11466 e a Norma ISO/DIS 12914, (2012). Ofracionamento geoqu?mico foi realizado pelo m?todo BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) avaliando-se a distribui??o de metais em quatro fra??es qu?micas. Os teores de metais em plantas foram obtidos atrav?s de digest?o segundo EPA 3052. Posteriormente, os dados foram tratados por procedimentos multivariados: an?lises de componentes principais (ACP); an?lise de agrupamento, e discriminante. Para os solos representativos das prov?ncias de Mayabeque e Artemisa os resultados indicaram associa??es elevadas entre os teores de metais pseudototais (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu e Zn) e biodispon?veis com os teores de Fe, H+Al, argila e pH. As amostras foram separadas em quatro grupos para expressar melhor a variabilidade. O grupo 1, foi caracterizado pelas menores concentra??es de Ni e Cr e intermedi?rias de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd. O grupo 2, apresentava valores intermedi?rios de Ni, Cr, Cu e Zn e menores de Pb e Cd. O grupo 3 mostrou os teores mais elevados de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd e intermedi?rios de Ni e Cr e o grupo 4 apresentouconte?dos muito elevados de Ni e Cr e os menores teores de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd. Os metais pesados Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe e Mn, nos 11 tipos de solos, tiveram uma elevada associa??o com a fra??o residual (F4), principalmente, nos solos com teores mais elevados de Fe. Verificou-se uma baixa associa??o com as fra??es mais l?beis F1 e F2 demonstrando a origem litog?nica dos mesmos. Os atributos qu?micos que mais influenciaram na especia??o dos metais nos solos representativos foram: pH, Ca, Fe, Mn, H+Al e Mg.Para o estudo dos fatores de variabilidade, na regi?o de Altura de Nazareno,foram verificadas correla??es elevadas entre os metais e, principalmente, com o Fe e argila. A separa??o em dois grupos permitiu uma distribui??o dentro dos grupos mais homog?nea, sendo o grupo 2 o de maior risco.A esp?cie Sporobollus indicus (L) foi um bom indicador para estudar a transfer?ncia de metais pesados nas plantas.