本研究旨在探討臺北市國中小英語課程銜接的相關問題與策略。研究者採用 「臺北市國中小英語課程銜接策略探討問卷」為研究工具。研究對象依隨機抽樣選出三百二十位國小五、六年級以及國中之英文老師，有效回收問卷為二百三十八份，無效問卷為十二份，總計有效問卷回收率約為百分之七十四。 本研究最主要之結果顯示，各銜接因素的重要性比較如下：(一)書面課程銜接最重要，其次是運作課程銜接，再其次是學習經驗銜接。(二)就書面課程銜接而言，提供銜接補充資料最為重要。(三)從運作課程銜接的來看，評量方式的銜接影響最大。(四)就學習經驗銜接的層面分析，了解國一新生的英語學習背景是其中關鍵。 根據本研究相關結果，研究者提出以下建議：(一)英語課程銜接的短期目標應為促進書面課程的銜接。教材出版者應提供國中小英語銜接補充教材，並調整國中英語教材的份量及內容難度。臺北市教育局應編纂及公佈臺北市國中英語課程綱要，並加強現有的英語教科書審查。(二)中程目標應促進運作課程的銜接。教育部應調整國中基測之英語測驗題型及內容；在英語教師方面，國中小英語教師宜採用多元評量、從國小高年級到國中逐漸增加紙筆測驗之比重、適當調整聽、說、讀、寫教學活動之比例以及使用多樣化的教學方法及練習活動。此外，補救教學的實施則是彌補學生英語程度差異的最有效策略。(三)就長程目標而言，應力求學生英語學習經驗的銜接。國中英語教師宜透過不同的方式和國小英語教師進行溝通，以了解國一新生的英語學習背景，如參與銜接會議、校際合作或其他方式。同時，國中英語教師可以參考區內國小使用之英語教材，來預測國一新生的英語程度。最後，也建議政府相關單位編纂標準化國一新生英語能力測驗，以協助進行七年級新生的英語程度評估工作。 / This study explores the continuity of English curricula between elementary and junior high schools in Taipei City. ‘Questionnaire on the Strategies for Connecting the English Curricula between Elementary and Junior High Schools in Taipei City’ was adopted as the research instrument. The participants included the English teachers of Grade Five, Six and junior high schools, randomly selected from each district of Taipei City. Three hundred and twenty copies of the questionnaire were delivered with 238 valid and 12 invalid responses returned; hence, the valid return rate is around 74%. The results were obtained via statistical analysis of the collected data. The continuity of written curricula is ranked as the most important, followed by operational curricula, and then learning experience. As for the continuity of written curricula, providing the supplementary materials is most emphasized. Concerning the operational curricula, the continuity of assessments takes the first place. With the continuity of learning experience, understanding the new 7th graders' English learning background is considered the most critical. Based on the results, some pedagogical implications are proposed as follows: 1.The short-term goal is the continuity of written curricula. The publishers could provide the supplementary materials and adjust the quantity and degree of difficulty of English textbooks for junior high schools. The government could publish the English curriculum guidelines for junior high schools in Taipei City and strengthen the review of English textbooks. 2.The mid-term goal is the continuity of operational curricula. The government is recommended to modify the task types of the BCT. The English teachers are suggested to employ multiple assessments, gradually increase the proportion of written tests, arrange different types of activities with appropriate proportion of the four skills, and exert diversified teaching approaches and activities. Still, conducting remedial instruction is the most effective strategy to bridge the gap of the students’ English proficiency. 3.The long-term goal is the continuity of students’ learning experience. The English junior high school English teachers should understand their new students’ English learning background by communicating with the elementary school teachers through meetings, cross-school cooperation or other means. Moreover, to evaluate the new seventh graders’ English capabilities, the junior high school English teachers could refer to contents of the textbooks employed by the elementary schools in the area, and also the government is advised to design a standardized English proficiency test for the seventh graders.

Background: Improving adherence to medication is a persistent challenge within the health system. Adherence is influenced by many factors at the patient, provider, treatment and health system levels. Adherence may also be affected by continuity of care; defined as the consistent professional relationship between a health provider or source of care and a patient. Objective: To estimate the strength of association between continuity of community pharmacy care and adherence to statin medication among persons initiating statin therapy in Nova Scotia between 1998 and 2008.  Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the Nova Scotia Seniors’ Pharmacare program. Subjects were included if they were dispensed at least one prescription for a statin medication between 1998 and 2008. Continuity of care was calculated via two methods: the Usual Provider of Care (UPC) index and the Continuity of Care Index (COCI), which measure the density and dispersion of relational continuity of care, respectively. Adherence was calculated using the medication possession ratio. The strength of association between continuity of care and adherence was analyzed using hierarchical regression. Results: During the study period, 31 592 individual subjects received a first statin dispensation. Adjusted hierarchical regression showed that for each 0.10 increase in continuity of care, the odds of adherence increase by 3% (95% CI: 1.01-1.05). Continuity of care measured by the UPC is highly correlated with continuity of care measured by the COCI (r=0.98). Conclusions: Continuity of community pharmacy care is positively associated with adherence to statins among Nova Scotian seniors who initiated statin therapy between 1998 and 2008.

This study asks the question; "How can playing a series of games be considered a continuous experience, rather than isolated experiences?". By asking this question, this study aims to enable game design evaluation from a new perspective, using HCI tools and theories. There is a qualitative study of a sequel game, interviewing players from a GameFlow perspective. Answers are compared to reveal differences based on thei rexperience with previous games in the series. This is done to see if looking at game design through new perspectives opens up for new context-based design opportunities. Design opportunities are analysed from an activity theory perspective, to not only uncover issues, but also explain them. By doing so, this study shows that it is possible to consider a sequelto a game a continuous experience, and that taking this into account during game design opens up for new opportunities.

By applying geometric analysis to some experimental maze situations the present study attempted to determine if a continuity in the responding of experimental Ss existed. This continuity in responding might suggest the presence of alternative explanations for the behavior of these Ss in some maze problems. The study made use of a modified version of the Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish (1946a) experiment using six runways during training rather than one. The results of the study show that three of the six groups obtained the identical angle of choice, angle between the runway trained on and the runway chosen during the experimental trial, indicating the possibility of an underlying behavioral factor determining this continuity in responding.

Aucune loi, aucun décret ne propose de définition de la continuité territoriale. L'expression apparaît dans certains textes législatifs et réglementaires, elle est utilisée par le juge en certaines occasions, mais parce qu'elle interfère en des domaines différenciés, elle demeure indéterminée. L'appréhension de la notion de continuité territoriale dérive de ces textes juridiques et de ces quelques décisions de justice qui lui attribuent plusieurs fonctions dans le système administratif.Suivant les dispositifs législatifs, la notion de continuité territoriale renvoie, en premier lieu, à des modes de fonctionnement du service public, notamment pour ce qui concerne l'organisation et le financement de la desserte de la collectivité territoriale de Corse en vertu d'une convention initiale de 1976 relative aux transports maritimes vers l'île, désormais codifiée à l'article L. 4425-4 du Code général des collectivités territoriales.En deuxième lieu, elle ressort des interprétations de la formule « d'un seul tenant et sans enclave », présente aux articles L. 5214-1, L. 5215-1 et L. 5216 du CGCT, par le juge administratif dans le contentieux de l'intercommunalité .En un troisième temps, la notion de continuité territoriale s'inscrit dans l'objectif de continuité du service public sur l'ensemble du territoire à travers l'article 4 de la loi n°2007-309 du 5 mars 2007 relative à la modernisation de la diffusion audiovisuelle et à la télévision du futur, ce qui justifierait l'extension de la notion dans les discours administratifs relatifs à l'aménagement numérique du territoire.Ces applications distinctes d'une idée de continuité territoriale inviteraient à s'interroger sur les modes d'appréhension de la notion de continuité comme de la notion de territoire dans les domaines du droit administratif. / No law, no decree proposes definition of territorial continuity. The expression appears in certain legislative texts and lawful, it is used by the judge on certain occasions,it interferes differentiated fields into cubes, it remains unspecified.The apprehension of the concept of territorial continuity derives from these legal texts and these some legal decisions which allot several functions in the administrative system.

This dissertation focuses on an important Muslim periodical "Pengasoh" and the role it has played in the Muslim ‘reform’ discourses in early 20th century Malaya. The periodical was first published by the Majlis Agama Islam Kelantan (Kelantan’s State Islamic Council) in 1918. Within the context of Malay-Muslim society, Kelantan was, and in some ways remain, a particularly important centre for Islamic culture and learning, attracting teachers and students from across the region. The Majlis itself was established by some of the leading ulama on the Peninsula at the time. Many were educated in the Middle East and had close associations with some of the major Muslim reformists in Egypt and the Haramayn. The standing of the Kelantanese 'ulama' within Malay-Muslim Southeast Asia, and the role of "Pengasoh" within that community meant that the periodical gives a unique glimpse into the world of these intellectual-theocrats. In this sense, the study of “Pengasoh” is a prism which could further our understanding of the dynamics of Islamic intellectual culture in Kelantan – as well as the surrounding region – during the early decades of the 20th century. What this dissertation attempts to show is how the ideational aspects of this community may be better understood if two important factors are taken into account - the linkages throughout the Indian Ocean littoral which form the cultural and religious milieu which shaped the thinking within the Kelantanese ‘ulama’; and how this sits in a wider conversation between "Islam" and "modernity". This moves away from existing studies which sought to clearly demarcate these Islamicate discourses as one between ‘Modernist’ Muslims and their ‘traditionalist’ counterparts.

Cílem práce je podat ucelený přehled o aktuálních technologiích sloužících k zajištění dostupnosti IT infrastruktury v podniku. Autor má zkušenosti nejen s konkrétními technologiemi a přístupy k zajištění vyšší odolnosti jednotlivých komponent serveru vůči výpadku (ukládání dat, napájení, řízení toku vzduchu, ochrana paměti, ?) , ale i se softwarovými produkty, které zajistí redundanci celého serveru. Tento přístup byl otestován i v případové studii, kde proběhla analýza stávající situace ve vybrané společnosti a nalezeny funkce poskytované jednotlivými komponentami infrastruktury. Kromě detailního zmapování situace byla nalezena i slabá místa a doporučeno řešení.

The core principle underlying this research program is that places can contribute to identity, and that like other elements of identity they may be subject to the same psychological processes. One way in which personal and social identity have been characterised is by their provision of a psychologically significant sense of identity continuity. The overarching question addressed throughout each chapter of this thesis is whether places are significant aspects of identity because they too provide a sense of temporal endurance: place identity continuity (PIC). Four empirical studies aimed to address this question using insights from social psychological theory. They also aimed to reveal the structure of place identity continuity, its psychological significance, and whether variation in its expression could be accounted for using social context. Following an introduction to the core themes of the thesis in Chapter One, Chapters Two and Three provide reviews of the literature connecting place, identity, and continuity: the first from disciplines outside psychology and the second from psychology itself. Chapter Four describes the research methods to be used, and ends Part I of the thesis. Part II presents the empirical studies. Chapter Five reports the results from Study 1, an interview study conducted with residents of Tayside, exploring their place experiences and perceptions of identity continuity in relation to places. It reveals that place relationships can be characterised by connections with past and future selves, and a sense of fit between place and self, but that they can also vary according to strength of place identification and social context. Chapter Six reports the results of Study 2, a large student survey study leading to the development of a three-dimensional scale to measure PIC, and confirmation that PIC is connected with place attachment and place identity. Chapter Seven reports the results of Study 3, a cross-validation of the PIC measure and examination of the varying connections between PIC dimensions and psychological well-being in a large general public survey study. Finally, Chapter Eight reports the results of Study 4, an experiment showing that PIC can vary according to self-categorisation such that those categorising themselves as a family member will generally rate PIC higher than those primed with a student identity. Chapter Nine draws the results of each study together to conclude that PIC is a significant aspect of place identity, and that it is characterised by connections with past place identity, present place and self congruency, and future place identity, thus extending the existing place identity literature. It is also concluded that the use of social psychological approaches enriches previously static and deterministic understandings of place identity, and provides an opportunity to integrate social and environmental psychology. Limitations, future studies, and theoretical and practical implications are then provided before concluding remarks are offered.

When interpolating a data mesh using triangular Bézier patches, the requirement of C¹ or G¹ continuity imposes strict constraints on the control points of adjacent patches. However, fulfillment of these continuity constraints cannot guarantee that the resulting surfaces have good shape. This thesis presents an approach to constructing surfaces with approximate C¹/G¹ continuity, where a small amount of discontinuity is allowed between surface normals of adjacent patches. For all the schemes presented in this thesis, although the resulting surface has C¹/G¹ continuity at the data vertices, I only require approximate C¹/G¹ continuity along data triangle boundaries so as to lower the patch degree. For functional data, a cubic interpolating scheme with approximate C¹ continuity is presented. In this scheme, one cubic patch will be constructed for each data triangle and upper bounds are provided for the normal discontinuity across patch boundaries. For a triangular mesh of arbitrary topology, two interpolating parametric schemes are devised. For each data triangle, the first scheme performs a domain split and constructs three cubic micro-patches; the second scheme constructs one quintic patch for each data triangle. To reduce the normal discontinuity, neighboring patches across data triangle boundaries are adjusted to have identical normals at the middle point of the common boundary. The upper bounds for the normal discontinuity between two parametric patches are also derived for the resulting approximate G¹ surface. In most cases, the resulting surfaces with approximate continuity have the same level of visual smoothness and in some cases better shape quality.

When interpolating a data mesh using triangular Bézier patches, the requirement of C¹ or G¹ continuity imposes strict constraints on the control points of adjacent patches. However, fulfillment of these continuity constraints cannot guarantee that the resulting surfaces have good shape. This thesis presents an approach to constructing surfaces with approximate C¹/G¹ continuity, where a small amount of discontinuity is allowed between surface normals of adjacent patches. For all the schemes presented in this thesis, although the resulting surface has C¹/G¹ continuity at the data vertices, I only require approximate C¹/G¹ continuity along data triangle boundaries so as to lower the patch degree. For functional data, a cubic interpolating scheme with approximate C¹ continuity is presented. In this scheme, one cubic patch will be constructed for each data triangle and upper bounds are provided for the normal discontinuity across patch boundaries. For a triangular mesh of arbitrary topology, two interpolating parametric schemes are devised. For each data triangle, the first scheme performs a domain split and constructs three cubic micro-patches; the second scheme constructs one quintic patch for each data triangle. To reduce the normal discontinuity, neighboring patches across data triangle boundaries are adjusted to have identical normals at the middle point of the common boundary. The upper bounds for the normal discontinuity between two parametric patches are also derived for the resulting approximate G¹ surface. In most cases, the resulting surfaces with approximate continuity have the same level of visual smoothness and in some cases better shape quality.