Dans le but de réduire l’utilisation des solvants organiques dans les réactions et dans la purification, nous avons envisagé de coupler la synthèse supportée sur PEGs dans l’eau aux microréacteurs en flux continu et à l’ultrafiltration comme technique de purification. Dans un premier temps nous avons synthétisé des 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones (DHPMs) en utilisant comme étape clef la réaction multicomposant de Biginelli avec un aldéhyde supporté sur PEG. Dans ce but, nous avons trouvé que la liaison du PEG au 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, décrite dans le CH2Cl2, a lieu dans le PEG fondu (70 °C) en absence de solvant. La synthèse des DMPMs a ensuite été réalisée dans l’eau et dans le PEG fondu, à partir de l’aldéhyde supporté, et les produits finaux ont été isolés après saponification. Cette synthèse a ensuite été optimisée en microréacteurs en flux continu dans l’eau et la purification des adduits supportés a été réalisée par ultrafiltration dans l’eau.La stratégie décrite ci-dessus a été appliquée à des synthèses multi-étapes, la réaction de Baylis-Hillmann étant l’étape clef pour la préparation de tétrahydro-1,3-oxazine, tétrazoles, 1,4-oxazepin-3-ones et tétrahydro-1,3-pyrimidin-4-ones, composés dotés d'une activité biologique potentielle. Les synthèses de tétrahydro-1,3-oxazines et d’un tétrazole ont d’abord été optimisées par lots avec les purifications réalisées par ultrafiltration dans l’eau, puis adaptées en microréacteurs en flux continu.Tous les adduits supportés sur PEG ont été caractérisés par RMN et MALDI-Tof, et des nouvelles méthodes d’analyse RMN ont été mises au point afin de réduire l’intensité des signaux dus au PEG et de faciliter l’étude des molécules supportées.En conclusion nous avons développé la synthèse supportée, en milieux éco-compatibles de DHPMs, tétrahydro-1,3-oxazines et d’un tétrazole, par lots et en microréacteurs en flux continu, en utilisant les réactions de Biginelli et Baylis-Hillmann comme étapes clefs. Toutes les purifications ont été réalisées par ultrafiltration dans l’eau, afin de réduire l’utilisation de solvants organiques. / Aiming to avoid the use of volatile organic solvents in both the reaction and the separation steps, we envisioned to couple the use of PEGs as support to continuous flow chemistry and ultrafiltration in water as separation technique. First, we synthesized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (DHPMs) exploiting the Biginelli multicomponent reaction starting from PEG-supported aldehyde. For this purpose, we found that the linkage of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde to PEG4000, described in the literature to occur in CH2Cl2, takes place in melted PEGs (70 °C) in the absence of solvent. We developed a novel organic solvent free synthesis of DHPMs via the Biginelli reaction of PEG-supported aldehyde, and we isolate the final products via saponification. Then, the same Biginelli reaction was carried out in continuous flow micro-reactor using water as the solvent and the supported products were isolated by ultrafiltration.The above mentioned strategy was also applied to multistep syntheses, the Baylis-Hillman reaction being the key-step for the preparation of tetrahydro-1,3-oxazine, tetrazoles, 1,4-oxazepin-3-ones, and tetrahydro-1,3-pyrimidin-4-ones, compounds endowed with potential biological activity. The preparations of tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines and tetrazole were first optimized in batch with the purifications performed by ultrafiltration in water, then adapted to the continuous flow micro-reactor synthesis.All PEG-supported compounds were characterized by NMR and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry. Moreover, in order to facilitate the analysis of PEG-supported product, we developed new NMR methods that help to reduce the intensity of PEG signals.In conclusion, we performed the PEG-supported organic solvent-free synthesis of DHPMs, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines, and a tetrazole derivative, in batch as well as in continuous flow microreactor, using Biginelli and Baylis-Hillman reactions as key steps. All purifications were carried out by ultrafiltration in water, to avoid the use of organic solvents.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T12:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leandro.pdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-11 / This work had as guideline the concepts of lean manufacturing and their application in a food industry of Entorno de Brasília . On-site was used a practical research as methodology procedure, focusing on the production process of 2 kg packing in the vegetables plant. Also was created a continuous flow in the bottleneck to reduce wastes related to time, increasing productivity once that production result was not reaching the estimated capacity. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar os princípios da manufatura enxuta em uma indústria de alimentos na região do Entorno de Brasília. Utilizando-se dos procedimentos metodológicos de pesquisa intervencionista e de eventos kaizen, definiu-se o foco de atuação na família de produtos de envase de vegetais, mais especificamente em latas de 2 kg de milho verde e ervilha. Criou-se um fluxo contínuo no processo puxador de esterilização por autoclaves com o intuito de reduzir os desperdícios em relação ao tempo, aumentando assim a produtividade do processo de produtivo, considerado este de baixa eficiência por não conseguir atingir a sua capacidade teórica de produção

Microchannel process technology (MPT) offers several advantages to the field of nanomanufacturing: 1) improved process control over very short time intervals owing to shorter diffusional distances; and 2) reduced reactor size due to high surface area to volume ratios and enhanced heat and mass transfer. The objective of this thesis was to consider how nanomaterials, produced in part using MPT, could be used to solve problems associated with the fabrication of MPT devices. Specifically, many MPT devices are produced using transient liquid-phase brazing involving an electroplated interlayer consisting of a brazing alloy designed for melting temperature suppression. Unfortunately, these alloys can form brittle secondary phases which significantly reduce bond strength. In contrast, prior efforts have shown that it is possible to leverage the size-dependent properties of nanomaterials to suppress brazing temperatures. In this prior work, thin films of off-the-shelf elemental nanoparticles were used as interlayers yielding joints with improved mechanical properties. In the present investigation, efforts have been made to characterize the synthesis and deposition of various elemental nanoparticle suspensions for use in the transient liquid-phase brazing of aluminum and stainless steel. Advances were used to demonstrate the nanoparticle-assisted diffusion brazing of a microchannel array. In the first section, a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) interlayer was produced for the diffusion brazing of heat exchanger aluminum. Efforts are made to examine the effect of braze filler particle size (~5 nm and ~50 nm) and processing parameters (heating rate: 5ºC/min and 25ºC/min; brazing temperature: 550ºC and 570ºC) on thin coupons of diffusion-brazed 3003 Al. A tensile strength of 69.7 MPa was achieved for a sample brazed at 570°C for 30 min under 1 MPa with an interlayer thickness of approximately 7 μm. Further suppression of the brazing temperature to 500ºC was achieved by sputtering a 1 µm thick layer of Cu before depositing a 5 nm thick film of AgNPs resulting in a lap shear strength of 45.3±0.2 MPa. In the middle section of this thesis, several techniques are investigated for the synthesis of sub 10 nm diameter nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) to be used in the diffusion brazing of 316L stainless steel. The average NiNP size was varied from 9.2 nm to 3.9 nm based on the synthesis technique, solvent and reducing agent used. Conventional wet-chemical synthesis using NiCl₂.6H₂O in ethylene glycol (solvent) and N₂H₄.H₂O (reducing agent) resulted in the formation of 5.4 ± 0.9 nm NiNPs. Continuous flow synthesis using a microchannel T-mixer (barrel diameter of 521µm) and a 10 second residence time of reactants in a bath temperature of 130ºC resulted in a particle size of with 5.3 ± 1 nm. To make the synthesis safer and less energy intense, microwave heating was used along with less toxic Ni(CH₃CO₂)₂·4H₂O (nickel salt), propylene glycol (solvent) and NaPH₂O₂ (reducing agent) yielding 3.9 ± 0.8 nm diameter NiNPs. For the final section, nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using NiCl₂.6H₂O (nickel salt), de-ionized water (solvent), NaBH₄ (co-reducing agent), N₂H₄.H₂O (reducing agent) and polyvinylpyrolidone (capping agent) yielding 4.2 ± 0.6 nm NiNP. Several deposition techniques were investigated for controlling film thickness and uniformity in the diffusion brazing of 316L stainless steel (SS). Using in-house prepared NiNP and automated dispensing, a hermetic joint up to 70 psi (tested pressure) was obtained in 316L SS substrates under brazing conditions of 800ºC, 2 MPa and 30 min. Throughout the course of this thesis, techniques used for characterizing nanoparticles, films and joints included FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, EPMA, DSC, mass spectrometry, and lap-shear testing. / Graduation date: 2012

This thesis presents some new techniques that were developedfor continuous chemical analysis of a paper furnish. First, ageneral background is presented, covering topics from theorigins of papermaking to present day. A short introduction topapermaking chemistry and a variety of presently availableon-line chemical analysers and measurement strategies are alsodiscussed. A method is described for the continuous fractionation of apaper furnish containing coarse fibres (&gt;10µm) in orderto obtain a sample for analytical purposes (Paper I). Aconsistent sample, containing a representative fraction of thedissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) present in the bulkfurnish, was achieved by preventing cake formation on a filtersurface. A combination of turbulent flow above a membranefilter, while continuously withdrawing a relatively low samplevolume, were key factors in the prevention of filterfouling. For the continuous flow-extraction of DCS, a technique isdescribed whereby the extracting solvent was injected at a highvelocity into a continuous flow of analyte (Paper II).Comparison with conventional flow extraction showed anextraction enhancement of up to 9 times for colloidaltriglycerides. To achieve a continuous determination of chemicalsubstances, a real-time fully automated colorimetric titrationapparatus was developed (Paper III&amp;IV). This was achievedby using a series of micro-machined mixing channels for thecontinuous flow of analyte, with a sequence of detection unitsand titrant addition points along the flowpath (Paper III). Afuzzy logiccontroller was implemented to continuously adaptfor changes in the sample concentration, providing thepossibility of titrating over two orders of magnitude in sampleconcentration with minimal loss of accuracy (Paper IV). Also, a system is presented whereby the filtration apparatus(Paper I) is combined with the titration device (Paper III&amp;IV) in order to continuously determine total charge (orcolloidal charge) of a paper furnish in real-time (Paper V).This was achieved by utilising a back-titration approach andselected examples are presented showing the dynamicinteractions between wood fibres and polyelectrolyte adsorptionat various conditions of pH and polyelectrolyte molecularweight. Finally, some suggestions for a more comprehensive wet-endchemical monitoring platform are discussed and the role of thepresent work in evaluated in this context. <b>Keywords:</b>Chemical monitoring, continuous flowextraction, cross-flow filtration, dissolved and colloidalcomponents, fuzzy-logic control, on-line system, pitchanalysis, polyelectrolyte titration, process control, samplework-up, titrimetric analysis.

Two computer programs were developed and used to determine the optimum operating parameters of a fedbatch and a continuous two-stage process for fermentation of recombinant bacteria. The study was conducted in three phases: (a) developing two computer programs for simulation and optimization of the above processes, (b) conducting batch culture fermentations to verify the performance of the biokinetic model, and (c) conducting fedbatch and two-stage continuous fermentation experiments to closely examine the simulation and optimization results. The Miao and Kompala (1992) biokinetic model was used for simulation of the bacterial growth and cloned gene expression. The Pattern-Search method, developed by Hooke and Jeeves (1962), was incorporated in the programs to determine the optimum values of the parameters. Extensive studies of the optimization results showed 30-40% higher productivities for the two stage continuous process over the fedbatch process when using the same media in both processes. In addition, increasing the number of stages in the continuous two-stage process resulted in very limited improvement in the productivity of the process (10-12%). The information from the process optimization was then used to design batch, fedbatch nd two stage continuous experiments. Recombinant <i>E. coli </i>(strain BL21DE3) with an inducible gene (sensitive to IPTG, isopropyl-â-D-thiogalactopyranoside) was used throughout the experiments. The experimental results from the fedbatch and two stage continuous processes clearly showed good agreement with the simulation and optimization results $(\cong$15% deviation). The experiments also revealed that the maintenance of plasmid harboring cells over the long-term operation could be an important barrier in achieving the predicted high productivity in the two stage continuous process. Finally, in addition to computer programs for optimization of genetically modified microorganisms, a new computer program with a generic algorithm for optimization of multiple CFSTR fermentation with any kind of biokinetic model was developed. The program was used to optimize multiple CFSTRs with the cybernetic biokinetic model for the first time. Besides finding the optimum residence times for multiple CFSTRs operation, the effect of inaccuracies in different cybernetic model parameters on the overall productivity of the process was investigated. The simulation results illustrated that, a single CFSTR was more sensitive in its operation to inaccuracies in the biokinetic constants as compared to optimized CFSTRs in series (2-8 times more sensitive).

Dissolved oxygen refers to the mass of oxygen that is contained in water. The concentration of dissolved oxygen is an important indicator of the environments water quality. The presence of oxygen in water is desirable therefore it is a positive sign; whereas the absence of oxygen is a sign of severe pollution. An adequate supply of dissolved oxygen is important for waste water treatment processes. Many naturally occurring biological and chemical processes use oxygen, thereby diminishing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. The physical process of oxygen transfer or oxygen absorption from the atmosphere acts to replenish the used oxygen. This process has been termed aeration. Aeration is the primary requirement of the biological treatment of water and wastewater treatment. As reported in the literature, the aeration process consumes as much as 60-80% of total power requirements in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, it is necessary that the design and operation of aeration process should be economized in terms of their energy efficiency. The performance of surface aeration systems is rated in terms of their oxygen transfer rate; hence the choice of a particular surface aeration system depends on its performance and efficiency of oxygen transfer rates. Oxygen transfer rate and the corresponding power requirement to rotate the rotor are very vital parameters for the design and scale-up of surface aerators. Basically two types of operation are in use for surface aeration systems – batch operation and continuous operation. Batch operation involves a single vessel which is filled, aerated then completely emptied. Continuous operation method of operating a biological treatment plant is characterized by a steady input stream (in terms of chemical and biological composition and flow rate, when flow and concentration equalization is practiced), steady process conditions during the treatment steps and by a fairly consistent flow of treated material with only little variation in its composition. The work presented in this thesis consists of two parts. The first one deals with the experimental investigations on the three types of batch surface aeration tanks. A comprehensive design analysis has been worked out and presented on these types of surface aeration systems. In the second category, experimental investigations have been carried out extensively on continuous flow surface aeration systems of different sizes. Analysis has led to the formulation of optimal geometric dimension and the simulation criteria for the design purposes. As far as the first category of investigations is concerned, a substantial work has been reported on batch surface aerators on various issues, during the past several years. Still, a general methodology to scale up or scale down the process phenomena is lacking. In the present work, experiments were done on different shaped batch surface aeration system for generalizing or devising the scale up and scale down criteria for oxygen transfer coefficient and power consumption. Present work through experimental observations established that unbaffled circular tanks are more energy efficient than baffled when used as surface aerator. Power consumption in surface aeration systems is characterized by a fundamental non-dimensional parameter named power number. This number relates drag force to the inertial force in fluid flow system. Power number scaling up of unbaffled surface aerators of square, circular and rectangular shaped tanks is one of the most important contributions of the present work. Design charts have been developed for all the three shape of tanks for the installation as the batch surface aeration systems. Based on the experimental analyses in the present work, it was found that circular shape is the most efficient than any other shape and it is also established that generally a number of smaller sized tanks were more economic and efficient than using a single big tank while aerating the same volume of water. Based on the energy economy analysis, present work suggests the optimal speed range of batch systems of different shaped surface aeration tanks. Different sized rectangular aeration tanks with different aspect ratios (that is length to width ratio) were tested along with a series of square and circular tanks for comparing their relative performances. Present work by doing experiments answered this fact and found that square tank (aspect ratio =1) was more efficient than any other aspect ratio rectangular tanks. Vortexes are inherently present in any type of unbaffled tanks. Present work analyzed the vortex behavior of unbaffled surface aeration systems to determine the critical impeller speed in unbaffled batch surface aeration systems at which oxygen transfer rates are more. The second part of the present work establishes the optimal geometrical parameters of a continuous flow surface aeration systems. These types of operations were found to be least reported in the available literature and there appears to be of no report in the literature on optimal geometrical parameters. Extensive experimental work is reported in the present thesis on the establishment of the optimal geometrical parameters of continuous flow surface aeration systems. From there, simulation criteria are established by maintaining optimal geometrical similarity in different sized continuous flow surface aeration tanks; so that the scale up or scale down criteria can be applied to predict oxygen transfer rates and power number.

<p>This thesis presents some new techniques that were developedfor continuous chemical analysis of a paper furnish. First, ageneral background is presented, covering topics from theorigins of papermaking to present day. A short introduction topapermaking chemistry and a variety of presently availableon-line chemical analysers and measurement strategies are alsodiscussed.</p><p>A method is described for the continuous fractionation of apaper furnish containing coarse fibres (>10µm) in orderto obtain a sample for analytical purposes (Paper I). Aconsistent sample, containing a representative fraction of thedissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) present in the bulkfurnish, was achieved by preventing cake formation on a filtersurface. A combination of turbulent flow above a membranefilter, while continuously withdrawing a relatively low samplevolume, were key factors in the prevention of filterfouling.</p><p>For the continuous flow-extraction of DCS, a technique isdescribed whereby the extracting solvent was injected at a highvelocity into a continuous flow of analyte (Paper II).Comparison with conventional flow extraction showed anextraction enhancement of up to 9 times for colloidaltriglycerides.</p><p>To achieve a continuous determination of chemicalsubstances, a real-time fully automated colorimetric titrationapparatus was developed (Paper III&IV). This was achievedby using a series of micro-machined mixing channels for thecontinuous flow of analyte, with a sequence of detection unitsand titrant addition points along the flowpath (Paper III). Afuzzy logiccontroller was implemented to continuously adaptfor changes in the sample concentration, providing thepossibility of titrating over two orders of magnitude in sampleconcentration with minimal loss of accuracy (Paper IV).</p><p>Also, a system is presented whereby the filtration apparatus(Paper I) is combined with the titration device (Paper III&IV) in order to continuously determine total charge (orcolloidal charge) of a paper furnish in real-time (Paper V).This was achieved by utilising a back-titration approach andselected examples are presented showing the dynamicinteractions between wood fibres and polyelectrolyte adsorptionat various conditions of pH and polyelectrolyte molecularweight.</p><p>Finally, some suggestions for a more comprehensive wet-endchemical monitoring platform are discussed and the role of thepresent work in evaluated in this context.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Chemical monitoring, continuous flowextraction, cross-flow filtration, dissolved and colloidalcomponents, fuzzy-logic control, on-line system, pitchanalysis, polyelectrolyte titration, process control, samplework-up, titrimetric analysis.</p>

Halogenated organic compounds have had widespread and massive applications in industry, agriculture, and private households, for example, as degreasing solvents, flame retardants and in polymer production. They are released to the environment through both anthropogenic and natural sources. The most common chlorinated solvents present as contaminants include tetrachloroethene (PCE, perchloroethene) and trichloroethene (TCE). These chlorinated solvents are problematic because of their health hazards and persistence in the environment, threatening human and environmental health. Microbial reductive dechlorination is emerging as a promising approach for the remediation of chlorinated solvents in aquifers. In microbial reductive dechlorination, specialized bacteria obtain energy for growth from metabolic dechlorination reactions that convert PCE to TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally to benign ethene. Field studies show incomplete dechlorination of PCE to ethene due to lack of electron donors or other populations competing for the electron donor. Mathematical models are good tools to integrate the processes affecting the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in the subsurface. This thesis explores the use of modeling to provide a better understanding of the reductive dehalogenation process of chlorinated solvents and their competition with other microorganisms for available electron donors in continuous flow systems such as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a continuous flow column. The model is a coupled thermodynamic and kinetic model that includes inhibition kinetics for the dechlorination reactions, thermodynamic constraints on organic acids fermentation and has incorporated hydrogen competition among microorganisms such as homoacetogenesis, sulfate reducers and ferric iron reducers. The set of equations are coupled to those required for modeling a CSTR. The system of model equations was solved numerically using COMSOL 3.5 a, which employs finite-element methods. The kinetic model was verified by simulation results compared to previously published models and by electron balances. The simulation process progressed by simulating the anaerobic reductive dechlorination, coupled with thermodynamic limitation of electron donor fermentation in batch systems to the modeling of CSTR, and finally to simulate anaerobic reductive dechlorination in continuous flow column, aquifer column including the processes of advection, dispersion and sorption along with the microbial processes of dehalogenation, fermentation, iron and sulfate reduction. The simulations using the developed model captured the general trends of the chemical species, and a good job predicting the dynamics of microbial population responses either the CSTRs or continuous flow column. Although, the kinetic of anaerobic dechlorination processes of chlorinated solvents in those systems have been researched in the past, little progress has been made towards understanding the combined effects of the dechlorination and thermodynamic constraints in continuous flow systems. This work provides a rigorous mathematical model for describing the coupled effects of these processes. / Graduation date: 2012

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-20T13:34:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THALYS DE FREITAS FERNANDES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 2378013 bytes, checksum: 834c6cbe7aab87e47cc89c33dfbb9e17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T13:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THALYS DE FREITAS FERNANDES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 2378013 bytes, checksum: 834c6cbe7aab87e47cc89c33dfbb9e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / A usina de produção de biodiesel se destaca não só pela síntese de um produto totalmente renovável, o biodiesel, mas, pelo grande volume de água que é utilizado no processo de purificação, que resulta na produção de grandes volumes de efluentes contaminados. Algumas alternativas para o tratamento desse efluente têm sido estudadas e aplicadas, a exemplo do processo eletroquímico denominado eletrofloculação. Porém, os trabalhos mencionados na literatura, até então, tem sido realizados em reatores batelada, o que pode ser desvantajoso em decorrência do grande volume de efluente gerado nesse processo. Dessa forma esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar um reator eletroquímico de fluxo contínuo para eletrofloculação do efluente da purificação do biodiesel. Desenvolveu-se um reator com um volume total de 1,0340 L, onde foram inseridos quatro eletrodos de alumínio com dimensões (10 x 6,40 x 0,10 cm), interligados a uma fonte CC e, instalou-se o reator a uma planta de tratamento, em escala de bancada. Para a operação do sistema foi sintetizado um efluente artificial com uma concentração padrão de 7,380 g.L-1, contendo todos os contaminantes existentes no efluente real da purificação do biodiesel. Para este estudo foi elaborado um planejamento experimental com o propósito de se avaliar a influência do pH inicial, o tempo espacial e a diferença de potencial, sobre as variáveis que caracterizam a água tratada, o consumo da massa de eletrodo e o consumo energético do reator. Uma matriz com onze experimentos foi executada e coletada amostras de água no intervalo de 5,0 min, durante 40 min de experimento, para caracterização. Os resultados foram inicialmente avaliados quanto à dinâmica comportamental, sendo observado que as melhores taxas de remoção de turbidez, O&G e DQO, foram 94,21 %, 89,3 % e 51,2 %, respectivamente. Do tratamento estatístico, observouse que o pH inicial foi o fator mais atuante nas variáveis respostas e a análise de otimização mostrou que a máxima eficiência do reator é obtida quando o opera com um pH inicial 8,0, um tempo espacial de 29,43 minutos e uma diferença de potencial de 6,0 Volts, resultando num consumo energético de 4,8 kWh.m-3, que equivale a R$ 1,94 por m³ de efluente tratado. Diante dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que a aplicação do reator é viável para o tratamento do efluente da purificação do biodiesel, quanto à eficiência de remoção de contaminantes, ao consumo energético e ao volume de efluente tratado. / The biodiesel production plant stands out not only for the synthesis of a fully renewable product, the biodiesel itself, but the large amount of water used its the purification process, which results in production of large volumes of contaminated waste. Some alternatives for the treatment of such waste have been studied and applied, such as the electrochemical process called electroflocculation. However, the work reported in the literature so far has been carried out in batch reactors, which may be disadvantageous due to the large volume of wastewater produced in the process. Thus, the current analysis aims to study a continuous flow electrochemical reactor for electroflocculation of the waste from the biodiesel purification process. Then, it was developed a reactor with a total volume of 1.0340 L, in which four aluminum electrodes with dimensions of (10 x 6.40 x 0.10 cm) were inserted and connected to a CC power supply, and the reactor was settled in a treatment plant in bench scale. For operating the system, an artificial effluent with a standard concentration of 7,380 g.L-1, containing all the contaminants present in the actual effluent from biodiesel purification was synthesized. For this study it was developed an experimental design in order to assess the influence of the initial pH, space time and the potential difference over the variables that characterize the treated water, the consumption of the electrode mass and energy consumption of the reactor. An array of eleven experiments was performed and collected water samples in the range of 5.0 min for 40 min for characterization. The results were initially assessed for dynamic behavioral and it was observed that the best turbidity removal rates, COD and O&G were 94.21 %, 89.3 % and 51.2 %, respectively. From the statistical results, it was observed that the initial pH was the most active factor in the varying responses and the optimization analysis showed that the maximum reactor efficiency is achieved when operating with an initial pH of 8.0, a space time of 29.43 minutes and a potential difference of 6.0 Volts, resulting in an energy consumption of 4.8 kWh.m-3, which equals R$ 1.94 per cubic meter of treated effluent. Based on the results it was found that the application of the reactor is feasible to treat the waste from the biodiesel purification, regarding to the contaminant removal efficiency, energy consumption and the volume of treated effluent.

No description available.