In manufacturing industrial, for example, petrochemical plant, the promotion of technology makes manufacturing process computerization to be possible. The systems which control the manufacturing process are called Process Control System. Enterprises introduce the projects of process improvement to reduce the operation cost and enhance the product quality. It is necessary to have comprehensive information and technology to support the success of project for process improvement. Thus, it is a trend to setup the connections among Process Control Network, Process Information Network and Intranet. Due to the connections among networks, Process Control System is facing the threats of computer viruses, worms, attackers, and other malicious codes. Process Control System controls the manufacturing process base on the instructions issued from operators to maintain plant operations in a safe condition. Process Control System is the kernel of process operations. If Process Control System is being attacked or infected by computer viruses, the impacts would be the disclosure of critical business information, the failure of servers/workstations for monitoring process, or Process Control System fails totally that result in the plant operations with risky. The worst case would be an incident about pollution of environment, explosion, properties destroyed, or life lost. Therefore, enterprise should focus on reinforcing the information security mechanism of Process Control System to ensure plant operations reliably and safely. The objectives of this study are: a) To realize the challenges and threats that Process Control System is facing by the way of literature review. b) To discuss information security management related issues and resolutions of Process Control System base on physical, network, and servers respectively. c) To discuss the efficiency of the model of information security management that has been implemented in the enterprise. d) To make this study as a reference for related industries.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A critical area for achieving interoperability between satellite control networks is the means chosen to interconnect Satellite Operations Centers and remote antenna systems. The CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) services are good candidates for this purpose, but national security space activities have demanding requirements for accuracy of data transfer, controlled delay, and security, which may not be fully achievable with the existing recommendations. The US Air Force developed a test bed to evaluate the SLE protocols during live satellite contacts, for both data transfer and management functions such as scheduling, configuring ground resources, and status reporting. Performance was generally satisfactory, but several extensions were found to be necessary. The SLE services provide a promising basis for use in ground stations to support both legacy Air Force interfaces and newer standards based satellite control services.

Real-world human visual perception is superb, despite pervasive attentional capacity limitations that can severely impact behavioral performance. Long-term memory (LTM) is suggested to play a key role in efficiently deploying attentional resources; however, the nature of LTM-attention interactions remains poorly understood. Here, I present a series of behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of the mechanisms of LTM-guided visual attention in 139 healthy participants (18-34 years). In Experiment 1, I hypothesized that humans can use memory to guide spatial attention to multiple discrete locations that have been previously studied. Participants were able to simultaneously attend to more than one spatial location using an LTM cue in a novel change-detection behavioral paradigm also used in fMRI Experiments 2 and 4. Cortical networks associated with LTM and attention often interact competitively. In Experiment 2, I hypothesized that the cognitive control network supports cooperation between LTM and attention. Three posterior regions involved with cognitive control were more strongly recruited for LTM-guided attention than stimulus-guided attention: the posterior precuneus, posterior callosal sulcus, and lateral intraparietal sulcus. In Experiment 3, I hypothesized that regions identified in Experiment 2 are specifically activated for LTM-guided attention, not for LTM retrieval or stimulus-guided attention alone. This hypothesis was supported. Taken together, the results of Experiments 2 and 3 identify a cognitive control subnetwork specifically recruited for LTM-guided attention. Experiment 4 tested how LTM-guided attention affected spatial responsivity of maps within intraparietal sulcus. I hypothesized that left parietal maps would change their spatial responsivity due to the left lateralized effects of memory retrieval. During stimulus-guided attention, contralateral visuotopic maps in the right but not left intraparietal sulcus responded to the full visual field. In contrast, during LTM-guided attention, maps in both the left and right intraparietal sulcus responded to the full visual field, providing evidence for complementary forms of dynamic recruitment under different attentional conditions. Together, these results demonstrate that LTM-guided attention is supported by a parietal subnetwork within the cognitive control network and that internal attentional states influence the spatial specificity of visuotopically mapped regions in parietal cortex.

A estrutura do controle de grandes empresas interfere na competição de mercado, bem como na estabilidade financeira deste. Estudos internacionais pesquisaram o controle das empresas em seus países, outros expandiram tal visão para as empresas transnacionais, realizando uma análise a nível mundial, ambas com o objetivo de descrever a disposição dos principais controladores em uma estrutura de rede. Dessa maneira, o problema central deste trabalho consiste em verificar a disposição dos acionistas de grandes empresas no Brasil e, para isso, tem como objetivo principal analisar a rede de controle formada por acionistas e empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no ano de 2018 com uso da técnica de Redes. Os dados utilizados para elaborar a rede foram obtidos através do Economatica. Como resultado, foi observada uma rede com uma componente gigante composta por 726 atores e uma rede de acionistas com baixa densidade, alta modularidade e caminho médio indicando características de rede mundo pequeno, com atores centrais de grande influência na estrutura. Os resultados contribuem para a compreensão da atual estrutura de participação no mercado acionário brasileiro, pois evidencia e quantifica as relações entre acionistas e empresas. Espera-se que este estudo colabore para novas investigações acerca das particularidades do mercado financeiro brasileiro. / The structure of the control of large companies interferes in the market competition, as well as in the financial stability of this one. International studies have researched corporate control in their countries, others have expanded such a view to transnational corporations by conducting a worldwide review, both with the purpose of describing the disposition of the major controllers in a network structure. Thus, the main problem of this work is to verify the disposition of the shareholders of large companies in Brazil and, for this purpose, its main objective is to analyze the control network formed by shareholders and companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA in 2018 using Networks. The data used to elaborate the network were obtained from Economatica. As a result, it was observed a network with a giant component composed of 726 actors, with low density, high modularity and medium path indicating network characteristics small world, with central actors of great influence in the structure. The results contribute to the understanding of the current structure of participation in the Brazilian stock market, since it evidences and quantifies the relations between shareholders and companies. It is hoped that this study will contribute to further research on the particularities of the Brazilian financial market.

Goal-directed episodic simulation, the imaginative construction of a hypothetical personal event or series of events focused on a specific goal, is essential to our everyday lives. We often imagine how we could solve a problem or achieve a goal in the future, or how we could have avoided a misstep in the past, but many of the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying such goal-directed simulations have yet to be explored. The three papers of this dissertation investigated the neural correlates of three types of future episodic simulations in Papers 1 and 2 and examined a fourth such simulation directed at past events as an adaptive, constructive process in Paper 3. Some research has associated default network activity with internally-focused, but not with goal-directed cognition. Papers 1 and 2 of this dissertation showed that regions of the default network could form functional networks with regions of the frontoparietal control network while participants imagined solving specific problems or going through a sequence of steps necessary to achieve a personal goal. When participants imagined events they associated with actually attaining a goal, default network regions flexibly coupled with reward-processing regions, providing evidence that the default network can join forces with other networks or components thereof to support goal-directed episodic simulations. Using two distinct paradigms with both young and older adults, Paper 3 focused on episodic counterfactual simulations of how past events could have turned out differently and tested whether counterfactual simulations could affect participants' memory of the original events. Our results revealed that episodic counterfactual simulations can act as a type of internally generated misinformation by causing source confusion between the original event and the imagined counterfactual outcome, especially in older adults. The findings of the three papers in this dissertation lay the groundwork for further research on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of goal-directed episodic simulations, as well as their adaptive functions and possible downsides. / Psychology

Com o intuito de utilizar uma rede com protocolo IP para a implementação de malhas fechadas de controle, este trabalho propõe-se a realizar um estudo da operação de um sistema de controle dinâmico distribuído, comparando-o com a operação de um sistema de controle local convencional. Em geral, a decisão de projetar uma arquitetura de controle distribuído é feita baseada na simplicidade, na redução dos custos e confiabilidade; portanto, um diferencial bastante importante é a utilização da rede IP. O objetivo de uma rede de controle não é transmitir dados digitais, mas dados analógicos amostrados. Assim, métricas usuais em redes de computadores, como quantidade de dados e taxa de transferências, tornam-se secundárias em uma rede de controle. São propostas técnicas para tratar os pacotes que sofrem atrasos e recuperar o desempenho do sistema de controle através da rede IP. A chave para este método é realizar a estimação do conteúdo dos pacotes que sofrem atrasos com base no modelo dinâmico do sistema, mantendo o sistema com um nível adequado de desempenho. O sistema considerado é o controle de um manipulador antropomórfico com dois braços e uma cabeça de visão estéreo totalizando 18 juntas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que se pode recuperar boa parte do desempenho do sistema. / ln order to enable the use of IP networks to implement closed-Ioop control systems, this work compares a distributed control system to its conventional counterpart, which is based on local controI. Usually the option for a distributed control architecture is motivated by simplicity, cost reduction and reliability, hence the use of an IP network. The goal of a control network is not to transmit pure digital data, but to transmit digitized control and sensor signals. Therefore, metrics common in computer networks, such as amount of transfered data and transfer rates, become of little importance. This work proposes a method to compensate for the delays imposed to network packets and to recover the control system performance. The key for this method is to estimate the contents of delayed network packets based on the system dymanic modeI. The example system is an antropormorphic robot with two arms and a stereo vision head. Results show that the system performance can be recovered.

Com o intuito de utilizar uma rede com protocolo IP para a implementação de malhas fechadas de controle, este trabalho propõe-se a realizar um estudo da operação de um sistema de controle dinâmico distribuído, comparando-o com a operação de um sistema de controle local convencional. Em geral, a decisão de projetar uma arquitetura de controle distribuído é feita baseada na simplicidade, na redução dos custos e confiabilidade; portanto, um diferencial bastante importante é a utilização da rede IP. O objetivo de uma rede de controle não é transmitir dados digitais, mas dados analógicos amostrados. Assim, métricas usuais em redes de computadores, como quantidade de dados e taxa de transferências, tornam-se secundárias em uma rede de controle. São propostas técnicas para tratar os pacotes que sofrem atrasos e recuperar o desempenho do sistema de controle através da rede IP. A chave para este método é realizar a estimação do conteúdo dos pacotes que sofrem atrasos com base no modelo dinâmico do sistema, mantendo o sistema com um nível adequado de desempenho. O sistema considerado é o controle de um manipulador antropomórfico com dois braços e uma cabeça de visão estéreo totalizando 18 juntas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que se pode recuperar boa parte do desempenho do sistema. / ln order to enable the use of IP networks to implement closed-Ioop control systems, this work compares a distributed control system to its conventional counterpart, which is based on local controI. Usually the option for a distributed control architecture is motivated by simplicity, cost reduction and reliability, hence the use of an IP network. The goal of a control network is not to transmit pure digital data, but to transmit digitized control and sensor signals. Therefore, metrics common in computer networks, such as amount of transfered data and transfer rates, become of little importance. This work proposes a method to compensate for the delays imposed to network packets and to recover the control system performance. The key for this method is to estimate the contents of delayed network packets based on the system dymanic modeI. The example system is an antropormorphic robot with two arms and a stereo vision head. Results show that the system performance can be recovered.

Com o intuito de utilizar uma rede com protocolo IP para a implementação de malhas fechadas de controle, este trabalho propõe-se a realizar um estudo da operação de um sistema de controle dinâmico distribuído, comparando-o com a operação de um sistema de controle local convencional. Em geral, a decisão de projetar uma arquitetura de controle distribuído é feita baseada na simplicidade, na redução dos custos e confiabilidade; portanto, um diferencial bastante importante é a utilização da rede IP. O objetivo de uma rede de controle não é transmitir dados digitais, mas dados analógicos amostrados. Assim, métricas usuais em redes de computadores, como quantidade de dados e taxa de transferências, tornam-se secundárias em uma rede de controle. São propostas técnicas para tratar os pacotes que sofrem atrasos e recuperar o desempenho do sistema de controle através da rede IP. A chave para este método é realizar a estimação do conteúdo dos pacotes que sofrem atrasos com base no modelo dinâmico do sistema, mantendo o sistema com um nível adequado de desempenho. O sistema considerado é o controle de um manipulador antropomórfico com dois braços e uma cabeça de visão estéreo totalizando 18 juntas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que se pode recuperar boa parte do desempenho do sistema. / ln order to enable the use of IP networks to implement closed-Ioop control systems, this work compares a distributed control system to its conventional counterpart, which is based on local controI. Usually the option for a distributed control architecture is motivated by simplicity, cost reduction and reliability, hence the use of an IP network. The goal of a control network is not to transmit pure digital data, but to transmit digitized control and sensor signals. Therefore, metrics common in computer networks, such as amount of transfered data and transfer rates, become of little importance. This work proposes a method to compensate for the delays imposed to network packets and to recover the control system performance. The key for this method is to estimate the contents of delayed network packets based on the system dymanic modeI. The example system is an antropormorphic robot with two arms and a stereo vision head. Results show that the system performance can be recovered.

A estrutura do controle de grandes empresas interfere na competição de mercado, bem como na estabilidade financeira deste. Estudos internacionais pesquisaram o controle das empresas em seus países, outros expandiram tal visão para as empresas transnacionais, realizando uma análise a nível mundial, ambas com o objetivo de descrever a disposição dos principais controladores em uma estrutura de rede. Dessa maneira, o problema central deste trabalho consiste em verificar a disposição dos acionistas de grandes empresas no Brasil e, para isso, tem como objetivo principal analisar a rede de controle formada por acionistas e empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no ano de 2018 com uso da técnica de Redes. Os dados utilizados para elaborar a rede foram obtidos através do Economatica. Como resultado, foi observada uma rede com uma componente gigante composta por 726 atores e uma rede de acionistas com baixa densidade, alta modularidade e caminho médio indicando características de rede mundo pequeno, com atores centrais de grande influência na estrutura. Os resultados contribuem para a compreensão da atual estrutura de participação no mercado acionário brasileiro, pois evidencia e quantifica as relações entre acionistas e empresas. Espera-se que este estudo colabore para novas investigações acerca das particularidades do mercado financeiro brasileiro. / The structure of the control of large companies interferes in the market competition, as well as in the financial stability of this one. International studies have researched corporate control in their countries, others have expanded such a view to transnational corporations by conducting a worldwide review, both with the purpose of describing the disposition of the major controllers in a network structure. Thus, the main problem of this work is to verify the disposition of the shareholders of large companies in Brazil and, for this purpose, its main objective is to analyze the control network formed by shareholders and companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA in 2018 using Networks. The data used to elaborate the network were obtained from Economatica. As a result, it was observed a network with a giant component composed of 726 actors, with low density, high modularity and medium path indicating network characteristics small world, with central actors of great influence in the structure. The results contribute to the understanding of the current structure of participation in the Brazilian stock market, since it evidences and quantifies the relations between shareholders and companies. It is hoped that this study will contribute to further research on the particularities of the Brazilian financial market.

Högskolan i Gävle har en mängd av utbildningar som har anknytning till geodetisk mätning. Sedan tidigare finns det en uppsättning lägesbestämda punkter i Högskoleområdet som används inom dessa utbildningar där mätning förekommer. Punkterna har etablerats i olika omgångar, oberoende av varandra, och därför kan de inte kallas för ett stomnät. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att etablera ett stomnät i plan vid Högskolan i Gävle i referenssystemet SWEREF 99 16 30. Stomnätet bör hålla en hög kvalitet för att vara användbart inom all geodetisk mätning som Högskolan ägnar sig åt. Etableringen av stomnätet har delats upp i två delar. Den första delen består av planering, genomförande och efterberäkning av statiska GNSS-mätningar och den andra delen består av planering, genomförande och efterberäkning av terrestra mätningar (mätning med totalstation). Etablering av stomnät utförs ofta i två steg där mätning med Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) används för att lägesbestämma ett antal utgångspunkter som ska omsluta resten av stomnätet. Statisk GNSS-mätning utfördes med Trimble R12i på 9 stabila markeringar runt Högskolan under tre mätsessioner. Baslinjeberäkning och nätutjämning utfördes i 4 olika scenarier för att se hur beräkningen av koordinater påverkades av olika val av frekvens och användning av fasta kontrollpunkter (SWEPOS referensstationer).  För planering av terrester mätning och för att uppnå antalet rekommenderade sikter mellan punkter i stomnätet utfördes en rekognosering av Högskoleområdet, i kombination med simulering i datorprogrammet SBG Geo. Tillfälliga punkter markerades ut för att förbättra stomnätets geometri och uppnå kraven i HMK – Stommätning (2021) för stomnätets kontrollerbarhet. Stommätningen utfördes med satsmätning med totalstationen Trimble S5 1’. I efterberäkningen undersöktes vilken anslutningsmetod som var mest lämplig med avseende på skattade standardosäkerheter för utgångspunkter och nypunkter. Resultatet blev ett stomnät med totalt 36 markerade punkter. Viktsenhetens standardosäkerhet för stomnätet blev 0,2055 och kontrollerbarheten 0,6 efter en unitär transformation, och en skattad standardosäkerhet för nypunkter på millimeternivå. Kvadratisk medelavvikelse mellan utgångspunkter inmätta med GNSS-teknik och nypunkter inmätta med terrester teknik blev 4,39 mm. / The University of Gävle has a range of courses related to geodetic surveying. There is already a set of points with coordinates in the university area, which are used in courses where geodetic surveying occurs. The points have been established at different times, independently of each other, and therefore cannot be called a geodetic control network. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a control network in 2D at the University of Gävle, in the reference system SWEREF 99 16 30. The control network should be of high quality to be useful in all geodetic surveying that the university engages in. The establishment of the control network has been divided into two parts, the first part consists of planning, implementation and post-processing of static GNSS measurements, and the second part consists of planning, implementation and post-processing of terrestrial measurements. The establishment of a geodetic control network is often carried out in two steps where measurement with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is used to determine the position of a number of starting points that will surround the rest of the control network. Static GNSS measurements was performed with Trimble R12i on 9 stable markings around the university during three sessions. Baseline calculation and network adjustment were performed in 4 different scenarios to see how the calculation of coordinates was affected by different choices of frequency and use of fixed control points (SWEPOS reference stations). For planning of the terrestrial measurements, and to achieve the recommended number of sights between points in the control network, a simulation in the computer program SBG Geo. Temporary points were marked out to improve the geometry of the control network and meet the requirements in HMK – Stommätning (2021) for the controllability of the control network. The terrestrial measurements were carried out by surveying with total station Trimble S5 1’. In post-processing, the alternatives for connecting the control network to SWEREF 99 16 30 was investigated with regard to estimated standard uncertainties for starting points and new points. The result is a geodetic control network with a total of 36 marked points. The standard error of unit weight for the control network resulted in 0.21 after a unitary transformation, and the estimated standard uncertainty for new points was at the millimeter level. The average deviation between starting points measured with static GNSS and new points measured with terrestrial technology was about 4 mm.