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This thesis is a case study about three textile cooperatives made up of women from three indigenous ethnic groups in the Mexican state of Oaxaca: Galvain Cuy (Zapotecs, Teotitlán del Valle community), Jiñi Ñuu (Mixtecs, San Juan Colorado community) and Kee Nshií (Chatino people, Santiago Yaitepec community). Together with other Oaxaca handcraft cooperatives, these are connected with the community firm Color y Cultura, which looks after the sales and promotion of their products. This paper maps the cooperative work of the indigenous women who are involved in handcrafted textile production in the above-mentioned three communities, and how the umbrella firm Color y Cultura residing in Oaxaca de Juárez operates. It examines how these women perceive the cooperative business model and the Color y Cultura community firm, which they are connected with, as well as the advantages and weaknesses of this model of a work organisation. It also treats their ethnic self- perception in relation to their actual handcraft work and the promotion thereof. The membership in Color y Cultura makes it possible for the women in the cooperatives studied to avoid dealing with a middleman thanks to its brick and mortar shop in Oaxaca. This brings them a higher profit, creative freedom and direct contact with the customer....

Cette thèse explore la relation entre la structure de propriété coopérative ou actionnariale avec les stratégies de marchés, et la performance et risque financiers. Elle couvre trois terrains d’études appartenant à des secteurs différents : (1) Les PME françaises, (2) le secteur viticole français et (3) les institutions financières américaines, en adoptant à chaque fois une approche comparative avec des données empiriques. Elle contribue à la littérature existante en ayant une vision transversale entre le marketing et la finance tout en considérant la structure de propriété via des échantillons de données représentatifs. Selon les résultats, les coopératives ont un niveau de performance financière plus faible (excepté les institutions d’épargne américaines) et un risque financier moins élevé (excepté les unions de crédit américaines) que les structures actionnariales. De plus, elles détiennent un niveau plus élevé de capitaux propres leur permettant d’amortir les chocs. En effet, les coopératives adoptent des stratégies de marché différentes. Le type de marque a été étudié dans le secteur viticole montrant que les coopératives optent pour des marques collectives alors que les entreprises actionnariales préfèrent les marques privées. Dans le secteur des institutions financières, dépendamment du type de structure, des segments de clientèles sont préférés et l’approche de relation client est différente. Quant à la relation entre la structure de propriété et les stratégies de marché d’une part et la performance et risque financiers d’autre part, les résultats montrent que les stratégies de marché peuvent influencer la performance financière. Néanmoins, le principal facteur qui affecte la réduction du risque est la structure de propriété coopérative indépendamment des stratégies de marché choisies. / This thesis explores the relationship between ownership structure (cooperative versus investorowned), market strategies as well as financial performance and risk. It tackles three databases in three different sectors: (1) French SMEs, (2) French wine sector (3) and financial institutions in the USA, along with a comparative methodology using empirical data. It contributes to the existing literature through a transversal approach between marketing and finance, in the framework of cooperatives with significant samples of data.Results show that cooperatives have lower levels of financial performance (except thrifts) with lower financial risk (except credit unions) compared to investor-owned firms; cooperatives have higher level of capitalization allowing them to face economic crises. Moreover, cooperatives adopt different market strategies. Research in the wine sector show that cooperatives tend to choose collective branding whereas investor-owned firms prefer private brands. As for financial institutions, business lines and relationship lending approaches vary according to ownership structures. In terms of the relationship between ownership structure and market strategies on one hand, and financial performance and risk on the other, results show that market strategies can affect financial performance while the main factor reducing the risk is cooperative structure.

This thesis deals with housing in terms of housing cooperatives. The introduction explains the general characteristics of housing stock with its long history. The next part of the thesis elaborately deals with the basics of the legal regulation of the cooperatives according to the Commercial Code. There are legal and property characteristics of a cooperative in Commercial code, effective from 1. 1. 1992. There are rules emendating the establishment of a cooperative, the abolition and the termination of a cooperative, questions connected to membership in a cooperative and to rights of a member of a housing cooperative, in the Commercial Code. However, since the legal adaptation of housing cooperatives in Commercial code is very general, the position of the members of these cooperatives, including theirs rights and obligations, is regulated by their statutes. The members control the substantial matters of cooperative by collectively elected authority (usually board of directors) or at the general members meeting. The next part of thesis deals with the questions related to the ownership of an apartment, which was formerly a cooperative apartment (it was owned by a housing cooperative), however in connection with transformation of already existing housing cooperatives, which lies on mostly on an adaptation to...

This thesis examines the concept of water cooperatives as an alternative model to create access, supply and manage water services in poor urban and peri urban areas. Two case studies from the Municipality of Moreno, Buenos Aires are presented in this thesis in order to account for the feasibility of the model. The primary data for this research is derived from participant observation, key informant interviews, household questionnaire-based interviews and archival research. The significance of researching water cooperatives is that they have traditionally been dismissed in regard to their potential of being a practical alternative to large water concessions and public run water services in the Global South. Research on alternatives such as water cooperatives is key, particularly in the face of growing de-privatization in the water sector in the province of Buenos Aires. The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area is an important case study for research on water governance because it was intended to be the World Banks model for which other countries would strive to emulate when reforming and improving water services by means of private concessions. The first part of the thesis examines the political and social history of water cooperatives in Argentina and the effects of privatization on the cooperative model. The second part outlines the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of the governance model and positions these theories against the realities of an existing water cooperative and a poor peri-urban community that has a strong affinity for implementing the model in their community. The two case studies presented in this thesis help to elucidate why the water governance model is able to serve poor peri-urban communities that otherwise remain unserviced by the traditional public or private water governance models. This is significant if we are earnest about providing water and sanitation services to all. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

This thesis focuses on the analysis of a small housing cooperative and owners associations. First part is about housing cooperatives , there are described the general aspects of their founding, management and display of selected financial operations. Subsequently, these aspects are compared with the owners associations and the differences between them are illustrated . The practical part is focused on the analysis of specific housing cooperative.

Este estudo analisa o processo decisório dos cooperados, ocorrido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa Leoboqueirense de Agricultores Familiares - COOPERLAF. Esta Cooperativa está em fase de mudança do sistema produtivo: da agricultura convencional para a produção agroecológica de alimentos. Para embasar este trabalho, os princípios de planejamento e a Teoria da Decisão foram usados como principais fundamentos científicos. As teorias da Mudança, Cooperativismo e Agroecologia foram aplicadas de modo complementar. O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa foi o seguinte questionamento: qual o fluxo do processo decisório empreendido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa? O objetivo geral foi caracterizar o processo decisório na mudança de sistema produtivo das propriedades rurais então integrantes da Cooperativa. Em nível específico, foram formulados os objetivos a seguir: ordenar os fatores que influenciaram os cooperados para a mudança, identificar fontes de informações que orientaram o processo decisório empreendido, elencar dificuldades e vantagens encontradas durante a transição agroecológica, descrever percepções dos agricultores sobre implicações da mudança e verificar se o processo de mudança fundamentou-se em teorias do planejamento. Este estudo classifica-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com tratamentos quantitativo (estatística descritiva) e qualitativo (análise de conteúdo) dos dados. Estes são de origem primária, pois foram realizadas entrevistas com todos os cooperados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que a preocupação com a saúde foi o principal fator que influenciou a tomada de decisão. Quanto à fonte de informação, verificou-se como fonte inicial dos agricultores a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – EMATER. A maior dificuldade encontrada pelos cooperados foi a aprendizagem de novas técnicas de manejo do solo. Em termos de vantagem, a mais relevante foi a preservação da saúde. Alguns agricultores relataram que falta organização na estrutura gerencial da Cooperativa. Nas percepções individuais os assuntos mais referenciados foram: conhecimento, comunicação e planejamento; resistência e mudança; saúde e renda. O estudo demonstrou que a tomada de decisão não seguiu rigorosamente as fases do processo de planejamento. Contudo, o comprometimento de todos na organização com o processo de gerenciamento da mudança foi essencial para o bom desempenho. / This study analyzes the decision process of cooperative participants, occurred on agroecological transition of Leoboqueirense Cooperative of Family Farmers. This Cooperative is in process of changing the production system: from conventional to agroecological food production. To support this work, the principles of planning and Decision Theory were used as the main scientific foundations. Theories of Change, Cooperatives and Agroecology were applied in a complementary manner. The research starting point was the following question: what flow of the decision making process undertook the Cooperative agroecological transition? The main objective was to characterize the decision making process used by members of Cooperative farms in the production system changing. Specifically, the following objectives were formulated: to order factors that influenced the cooperative to change, to identify information sources that guided the decision making process undertook, to list advantages and difficulties encountered during the agroecological transition, describing perceptions of farmers about the implications change and to verify if that the change process was based on planning theories. This study is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research with quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (content analysis) data treatments. These data has a primary origin, as all interviews were conducted with the Cooperative participants. Through the results, we could say that the concern about health was the main factor that influenced decision making. As to the information source, it was found Enterprise Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - EMATER as the initial source of farmers. The greatest difficulty encountered by the cooperative particiapnts was learning new techniques of soil management. In terms of advantages, the most important was the preservation of health. Some farmers reported that lack organization in the management structure of the Cooperative. Individual perceptions in the most referenced topics were: knowledge, communication and planning; resistance and change, health and income. The study showed that the decision making was not strictly followed the phases of the scientific planning process. However, the involvement of everyone in the organization with the process of change management is essential for good performance.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Cooperatives play a significant role in the country’s economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction. Hence, the number of registered cooperatives in South Africa has been growing very fast. However, the main challenge is that the majority of these cooperatives are underperforming. The apartheid legacy has caused many of these cooperatives to be poorly developed or unsustainable. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges of lack of sustainability of art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village of Mopani district in Limpopo Province. For this purpose, eight art and craft cooperatives were used as a survey. The study used mixed research methods to collect both qualitative and quantitave data. Data was gathered from eight (8) art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village. The cooperatives where data was collected are Progress, Tsakane, Rirhandzu, Hitekani, Vutivi, Tiyimeleni, Vuyeriwani and Pfuka Muyexe art and craft cooperatives. . Data collection was done through structured questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was gathered through extensive literature review. The population of the study is eight art and craft cooperatives comprised of 88 members. 60 respondents represented all the eight cooperatives. Two groups of respondents participated in this study. The first group was composed of cooperatives members (n=50) and the second group of respondents were the cooperatives board of directors (n=10). The findings revealed some of the factors that cause unsustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study. These factors are lack of good corporate governance practices, inadequate developmental programmes, lack of experience in managing cooperatives, lack of coflict management, lack of ownership and others. To enhance the sustainability of cooperatives the research recommends that the policy makers and agencies should be encouraged to develop enough developmental programmes that will enhance the sustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第23307号 / 地博第288号 / 新制||地||111(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科グローバル地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 藤田 幸一, 教授 河野 泰之, 准教授 柳澤 雅之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

El proceso de inclusión financiera ha permitido la expansión de servicios financieros a cada vez más lugares enfocados en buscar el desarrollo. Desde el punto de vista económico, el sistema financiero contribuye de forma útil en la economía a través del aporte en las decisiones de ahorro e inversión de un país y su funcionalidad valida el crecimiento económico. Por ello, resulta importante que la estructura financiera sea sólida e inclusiva para ser sostenible en el tiempo, ya que en presencia de fallas de mercado pueden crearse barreras subjetivas y objetivas de acceso a la inclusión financiera. En este contexto, el presente estudio evalúa si el componente inclusión financiera influye en el crecimiento económico en presencia de cooperativas de créditos. Considerando la literatura existente sobre el vínculo entre el crecimiento económico y el sistema financiero, la investigación considera que las cooperativas tienen influencia en la medida que tienen propias particularidades sociales y funcionan como mecanismo para expandir la inclusión financiera. En ese sentido, este trabajo se basa en la teoría de inclusión financiera para comprender el rol de las cooperativas y su efecto en el crecimiento económico. / The financial inclusion process has allowed the expansion of financial services to more and more places focused on seeking development. From the economic point of view, the financial system contributes in a useful way in the economy through the report on the saving and investment decisions of a country and its valid functionality economic growth. Therefore, it is important that the financial structure is solid and inclusive to be sustainable over time, since in the presence of market failures, subjective and objective barriers to access to financial inclusion can be created. In this context, the present study evaluates whether the financial inclusion component influences economic growth in the presence of credit cooperatives. Considering the existing literature on the link between economic growth and the financial system, the research considers that cooperatives have influence to the extent that they have their own social peculiarities and mechanisms as a mechanism to expand financial inclusion. In this sense, this work is based on the theory of financial inclusion to understand the role of cooperatives and their effect on economic growth. / Trabajo de investigación