<p>The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a better understanding of how global seafood trade interacts with the governance of small-scale fisheries (SSFs). As global seafood trade expands, SSFs have the potential to experience significant economic, social, and political benefits from participation in export markets. At the same time, market connections that place increasing pressures on resources pose risks to both the ecological and social integrity of SSFs. This dissertation seeks to explore the factors that mediate between the potential benefits and risks of global seafood markets for SSFs, with the goal of developing hypotheses regarding these relationships. </p><p>The empirical investigation consists of a series of case studies from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This is a particularly rich context in which to study global market connections with SSFs because the SSFs in this region engage in a variety of market-oriented harvests, most notably for octopus, groupers and snappers, lobster, and sea cucumber. Variation in market forms and the institutional diversity of local-level governance arrangements allows the dissertation to explore a number of examples. </p><p>The analysis is guided primarily by common-pool resource (CPR) theory because of the insights it provides regarding the conditions that facilitate collective action and the factors that promote long-lasting resource governance arrangements. Theory from institutional economics and political ecology contribute to the elaboration of a multi-faceted conceptualization of markets for CPR theory, with the aim of facilitating the identification of mechanisms through which markets and CPR governance actually interact. This dissertation conceptualizes markets as sets of institutions that structure the exchange of property rights over fisheries resources, affect the material incentives to harvest resources, and transmit ideas and values about fisheries resources and governance.</p><p> The case studies explore four different mechanisms through which markets potentially influence resource governance: 1) Markets can contribute to costly resource governance activities by offsetting costs through profits, 2) markets can undermine resource governance by generating incentives for noncompliance and lead to overharvesting resources, 3) markets can increase the costs of resource governance, for example by augmenting monitoring and enforcement burdens, and 4) markets can alter values and norms underpinning resource governance by transmitting ideas between local resource users and a variety of market actors. </p><p>Data collected using participant observation, survey, informal and structured interviews contributed to the elaboration of the following hypotheses relevant to interactions between global seafood trade and SSFs governance. 1) Roll-back neoliberalization of fisheries policies has undermined cooperatives’ ability to achieve financial success through engagement with markets and thus their potential role as key actors in resource governance (chapter two). 2) Different relations of production influence whether local governance institutions will erode or strengthen when faced with market pressures. In particular, relations of production in which fishers own their own means of production and share the collective costs of governance are more likely to strengthen resource governance while relations of production in which a single entrepreneur controls capital and access to the fishery are more likely to contribute to the erosion of resource governance institutions in the face of market pressures (chapter three). 3) By serving as a new discursive framework within which to conceive of and talk about fisheries resources, markets can influence norms and values that shape and constitute governance arrangements.</p><p>In sum, the dissertation demonstrates that global seafood trade manifests in a diversity of local forms and effects. Whether SSFs moderate risks and take advantage of benefits depends on a variety of factors, and resource users themselves have the potential to influence the outcomes of seafood market connections through local forms of collective action.</p> / Dissertation

The main purpose of this study was to identify the major obstacles to cooperation as perceived by school library media specialists in the state of Mississippi and to determine if members of the Coastal Mississippi Library Cooperative (CMLC) believe that there are fewer obstacles to cooperation than do non-members. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the CMLC to some extent to determine if success was achieved through organization when defined by the variables, planning, governance, funding, communication, administration, and evaluation. The population of the study was all of the librarians (academic, public, school, and special) in the six-county area which comprises the CMLC, and a random sample of public school librarians throughout the remainder of the state. All of the school librarians were sent a questionnaire that requested their responses to statements of barriers to cooperation. All of the librarians in the CMLC region were sent a questionnaire to obtain their perceptions of participation in the CMLC. Pour librarians, members of the CMLC, were Interviewed to obtain information on the organizational factors of the CMLC. Data received from school library media specialists were submitted to various statistical tests. The Chi-Square statistic was used on the demographic portion of the questionnaire, which revealed that four of the variables and the dependent variable, membership in the CMLC, were significantly different. A t-test performed on the barriers to cooperation section produced no significant differences between the member and non-member responses. The perceptions of participation in the CMLC data revealed that there were differences among the four library systems (academic, public, school, and special) involved, but most of the respondents considered the CMLC to be successful. Data from the interview also revealed that the CMLC was successful in its organization. Due to the overall low response to the survey, the stated hypotheses could not be accepted; however, many of the findings and implications should be useful in helping to eliminate several obstacles to cooperation in Mississippi.

Le commerce équitable (CE) a connu une forte croissance depuis les années 90. Malgré ce succès, leCE fait l'objet de différentes critiques, notamment concernant sa proximité avec les grands groupesagroalimentaires et la grande distribution. Ce rapprochement caractérise, pour certains, une perte desvaleurs éthiques du CE qui intégrerait des valeurs capitalistes. Or, le CE s'est construit en réaction à cesvaleurs capitalistes. La littérature est importante concernant ces tensions au Nord mais au Sud il estgénéralement question de l'impact du CE sur les producteurs.Nous proposons dans ce travail de nous interroger sur les tensions pouvant exister dans le systèmeCE au Sud, avec une entrée par les coopératives certifiées. Au cours de trois séries d'enquêtes auprès descoopératives de café certifiées par FLO au Costa Rica, nous avons réunis des données quantitatives etqualitatives. A travers le champ de l'économie des conventions, nous montrons que les coopérativescertifiées(i) s'inscrivent dans des mondes différents avec une forte disparité concernant lesmondes civique (collectif) et domestique (traditionnel),(ii) présentent des conventions d'effort très différenciées.Ces éléments expliquent un engagement hétérogène des coopératives dans le commerce équitable :certaines se certifient en portant des croyances fortes sur un lien plus rapproché entre producteurs etconsommateurs quand d'autres ne voient dans le CE qu'une opportunité marketing. Les valeurs marchandessont cependant communes à toutes les coopératives. Nous achevons notre travail en proposant des élémentsde réflexions quant au compromis qui semble s'être créé autour du monde marchand dans le système CE.Ce compromis remet en cause le contrat moral passé dans le cadre du CE entre consommateurs etproducteurs et interroge fortement sur l'avenir du CE. / Fair trade (FT) has known a strong growth since the 1990's. In spite of its success, FT is the objectof different criticisms, notably concerning its closeness with big companies and supermarket distribution.This proximity characterizes, for some people, a loss of the ethical values and an integration of capitalistvalues: the problem is that FT was built in reaction to these capitalist functioning. Literature is importantconcerning these tensions in the North, whereas in the South it is generally a matter of the impact of FT on producers.The purpose of this research is to analyze the tensions that can exist in the FT system in the South,with an entrance by the certified cooperatives. In the course of three series of inquiries about the coffeecooperatives certified by FLO in Costa Rica, we collected quantitative and qualitative data. Across the field of the conventions economy, we show that the certified cooperatives:(i) register in the different worlds with a strong difference concerning the worlds civic(collective) and (traditional) servant,(ii) have very differentiated effort conventions.These elements explain a heterogeneous commitment of cooperatives in FT: some people certify bycarrying strong beliefs in a closer link between producers and consumers when others see a marketingopportunity. We finish our thesis by offering thinking elements about the moral contract passed as part ofthe IT between consumers and producers, and deeply questioning the future of FT.

Il n'existe pas à l'heure actuelle de définition « officielle » des juridictions fiscales non coopératives, l'appréhension de ces dernières étant particulièrement difficile à cerner. D'où la grande difficulté de les recenser avec exactitude et du même coup de leur donner une désignation géographique précise... Or, cette notion est d'autant plus importante qu'elle est le critère de détermination de territoires à régime fiscal dit « privilégié. » L'étude de la notion des juridictions fiscales non coopératives apparaît dès lors comme fondamentale pour aborder l'approche des législations fiscales internationales dans l'avenir. En effet, à partir de quand sommes-nous en présence d’une juridiction fiscale non coopérative ? Quels critères juridiques adopter pour les définir ? Bref, comment identifier de telles juridictions ? Quelles sont leurs caractéristiques premières ? Combien y'en a-t-il de par le monde et quel est leur poids exact dans l'économie mondiale ? Quelle a été l'évolution de l'approche internationale de ces juridictions dans le passé ? Comment cette approche peut-elle évoluer dans le futur pour tenir compte des contraintes économiques et financières avec la mondialisation ? En réalité, cette ambigüité accompagnant la notion de juridictions fiscales non coopératives, ne relève pas seulement de la simple négligence législative de la part des États qui a priori devraient être chargés de la définir. Bien plus, il s'agit là d'un véritable flou juridique plus ou moins organisé qui contribue grandement à entretenir l'opacité de ces territoires et à faciliter la tentation de l'évasion fiscale. / There is at the moment no "official" definition of the not cooperative fiscal jurisdictions, apprehension of these last ones being particularly difficult to identify. Hence the great difficulty of accurately identifying and thereby give them a specific geographic designation... Now, this notion is especially important as it is the criterion for determining territories Tax System "privileged." The study of the notion of the not cooperative fiscal jurisdictions therefore appears to be fundamental to discuss the approach of international tax laws in the future. Indeed, from when we are in the presence of a non cooperative fiscal jurisdiction? What legal criteria to adopt to define them? In brief, how identify such jurisdictions? What are their first characteristics? How much has it to it throughout the world and which is their exact weight in the world economy? What was the evolution of the international approach of these jurisdictions in past? How can this approach evolve in the future to take into account economic and financial constraints with the globalization? In reality, this ambiguity accompanying the notion of not cooperative fiscal jurisdictions, recover not only from the simple legislative negligence on behalf of the States which a priori should be in charge of defining it. Much more, it is about a real more or less organized vagueness of the law there which contributes largely to maintain the opacity of these territories and to facilitate the temptation of the tax evasion.

Energy cooperatives have become an important player in the German energy transition. After two legal amendments in the Renewable Energy Act in 2012 and 2014 the number of new foundations dropped sig-nificantly. Several studies have investigated potential barriers and opportunities for energy cooperatives to expand their business model beyond energy production and adapt to the legal changes. This study aims to identify relevant factors that lead energy cooperatives to have a high or a low level of diversification. To this end, I interviewed board members of eight energy cooperatives and complemented the findings by the assessment of firm documents and newspaper articles. While no single factor seems to be decisive, the founding initiative, in particular a clear vision and concrete business goals correlate with the level of di-versification. Important is, that a high level of internal resources or strong support from the local govern-ment alone cannot explain a high level of diversification. Instead, I identified two important aspects, in-teractive effects and threshold effects, that help to understand why energy cooperatives have a high or low level of diversification. Interactive effects mean, that a negative performance in one factor, such as a low level of internal resources, can be outbalanced by a very positive performance in another factor, such as external resources or local political environment. Threshold effects mean, that apparently a certain perfor-mance of a factor might be sufficient to achieve a high level of diversification, whereas a high performance of all factors, also leads to a very high level of diversification, as was shown with one cooperative, that serves as best practice example and corresponds to the theoretical model as forecasted. That means future research should deal with the complex nature of energy cooperatives, as diversification and probably de-velopment in general cannot be explained by looking at single factors, such as the level of internal re-sources. The findings also suggest, that for some energy cooperatives the plan to adopt new business mod-els was already laid at the foundation and did not spontaneously emerge as response to the legal changes. A future study should investigate, whether that applies to energy cooperatives more generally, or was just found  to be  true  for the eight cases  studied  here. The role of external resources  to adopt  new  business models has to be emphasized and calls for more cooperation among energy cooperatives and with external partners, to continuously be important players for the energy transition.

Diese Dissertation diskutiert zwei Modellvarianten der Spieltheorie und Industrieökonomik: asymmetrische Information und vertikale Beziehungen. In einem Reputations-Spiel, in welchem Kurzfristspieler hintereinander entscheiden, ob sie mit einem Langfristspieler interagieren wollen, stoppt die Interaktion oft für immer, sobald einer der Spieler sich entscheidet nicht zu interagieren. Ist der Aktionsraum des Langfristspielers ausreichend groß, kann es passieren, dass obwohl die Einschätzungen über die Reputation des Langfristspielers identisch sind, das Verhalten sich verändert, da der vorhergehende Stopp der Interaktion den Langfristspieler dazu bringt, sich mehr anzustrengen. In einer vertikalen Struktur, in welcher Intermediäre ein Input-Gut von einer exogenen Anzahl an Zulieferern beziehen müssen, können diese Intermediäre die Menge eines homogenen Produkts, welches an Konsumenten verkauft werden soll, wählen. Falls einer der Intermediäre in Form einer Genossenschaft organisiert ist, steigt der durchschnittliche Gewinn der Zulieferer, was zu einem ineffizient geringen Angebot an die Konsumenten führt. Eine Kooperative kann sich als Monopol behaupten, sofern die Kapazität der Zulieferer ausreichend gering ist, während eine Duopolstruktur vorliegt, wenn diese Kapazität hoch ist. In einer Wertschöpfungskette mit einem Zulieferer, einem Händler und Unsicherheit über die Nachfrage am Markt sind die Entscheidungen über kostenlose Informationsbeschaffung, um diese Unsicherheit aufzulösen, strategische Komplemente. Wenn die technische Beschränkung der Signalpräzision so ist, dass die Informationsbeschaffung nicht genug Unsicherheit beseitigt, ist die Informationsrente klein und der Zulieferer kann sich entscheiden uninformiert zu bleiben, um ein Glaubwürdigkeitsproblem zu umgehen und Verträge anzubieten die keine private Information signalisieren. Steigt die Signalpräzision, entscheiden sich beide Marktteilnehmer so gut wie möglich informiert zu sein. / This dissertation discusses two modelling variants in game theory and industrial economics: asymmetric information and vertical relations. In a reputation game, in which a sequence of short-run players chooses if to interact with a long-run player, often interactions stops forever, if one short-run player decides not to interact. If the long-run player''s action set is sufficiently rich, although beliefs about the long-run player''s reputation may be identical, choices may be different, as the preceding refusal to interact can lead the long-run player to improve on effort. In a vertical structure, in which intermediaries have to acquire an input from an exogenously given number of suppliers, intermediaries can choose the quantities of a homogenous product to be sold to consumers. In case one of the intermediaries is organized as a cooperative the average profit of suppliers, increases, leading to inefficiently low supply to consumers. Furthermore, a cooperative may be a monopoly in the downstream market, if the upstream production capacity is sufficiently small, whereas there is a duopoly with one firm maximizing its profit and one firm maximizing average profit, if upstream capacity is large. In a supply chain with one supplier, one retailer and uncertainty about market demand, the choices on costless information acquisition to resolve this uncertainty are strategic complements. If the technical limitation on the precision of the signals is such that being informed does not reduce enough uncertainty, the potential information rent is small and the supplier may choose to stay uninformed and avoid a credibility problem by offering pooling contracts. If the precision of private signals increases, both agents decide to be informed as much as possible.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EUNICE DE FARIA.pdf: 1979025 bytes, checksum: 49a90778e9d9603c03ac149202c3b01e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / The work focuses on the cultivation of saffron in the municipality of Mara Rosa (GO), after the creation of the Cooperative of Saffron Producers Mara Rosa (Cooperaçafrão) in the period 2003 to 2011. The municipality of Mara Rosa (GO) has 1.703.95 km2 in area, is dominated by the cerrado, cut north to south by Belém-Brasília highway (BR- 153). It is considered the capital of saffron by responding for 90% of national production with over 300 producers working in the form of family farming. In 2007 was the largest center of national production, accounting for 74.0% of the saffron production. It is located 370 km from capital of Goiás state, it is part of the meso and microregion of Porangatu. The research aims to investigate how the dynamics of the company sued the producers of saffron family farmers of "Cooperaçafrão" who chose to develop an agro-industrialization as an alternative to face crises recently experienced by the local family farming. Theoretical support were previously published work related to cooperative and productive system of saffron of the following authors: Marinozzi, (2002), Noronha et al. (2004), Bartholo et al. (2005), Domitian (2007 ) and Domitian Caume, (2008), Coimbra (2005), Labaig (2003) among others. The universe of this study was 51 active cooperative producers, these 49 farmers participated in the survey. The methodology used was case study. The type of research was bibliographic, field and descriptive . It used the questionnaire with data collection instrument applied in the presence of the members, with 99 closed and open questions, with the aim of presenting the socioeconomic profile of the saffron producers, to identify issues related to producing properties and management activities of saffron production. The research was based on data collected directly from farmers in the cooperative Cooperaçafrão. It aimed to investigate the degree of increase in income of respondents and the index of satisfaction with the management of the cooperative leaders. Once assembled and explained the fundamentals of research, the study found that a significant number of cooperative assets that never gave up the cooperative had a significant increase in their income. From the data presented it can be stated that the cooperativism allied with industrialization and institutional interventions represents an alternative to other farmers from Mara Rosa and region also can achieve the same performance. The cooperative is going through a complicated competition from buyers of saffron in the region. Thus it is expected that both managers as the cooperatives can talk, reflect and seek together solutions to the difficulties related to the cooperative. That managers listen more closely associated with and seek to meet your expectations and demands, and at the same time that the cooperative are committed to the cooperative and participate effectively in its management. / O trabalho enfoca a cultura do açafrão no município de Mara Rosa (GO), após a criação da Cooperativa dos Produtores de Açafrão de Mara Rosa (Cooperaçafrão), no período de 2003 a 2011. O município de Mara Rosa (GO) possui 1.703,95 km2 de área, é dominado pelo bioma cerrado, cortado no sentido norte-sul pela rodovia Belém-Brasília (BR-153). É considerada a capital do açafrão por responder por 90% da produção nacional com mais de 300 produtores trabalhando sob a forma de agricultura familiar. Em 2007 representou o maior pólo de produção nacional, responsável por 74,0% da produção de açafrão. Localiza-se a 370 km da capital do Estado de Goiás, faz parte da mesorregião norte do Estado e microrregião de Porangatu. A pesquisa pretende averiguar como se processou a dinâmica da sociedade de agricultores familiares produtores de açafrão da "Cooperaçafrão", que optaram por desenvolver uma agroindustrialização enquanto alternativa para fazer frente `as crises recentemente vivenciadas pela agricultura familiar local. O apoio teórico foram os trabalhos anteriormente publicados relacionados ao cooperativismo e ao sistema produtivo do açafrão dos seguintes autores: Marinozzi, (2002); Noronha et al., (2004); Bartholo et al., (2005); Domiciano, (2007); Domiciano e Caume, (2008); Coimbra, (2005), Labaig (2003) entre outros. O universo pesquisado foi de 51 produtores cooperados ativos, destes participaram da pesquisa 49 agricultores. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso. A pesquisa foi do tipo bibliográfica, de campo e descritiva. Utilizou-se o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados aplicado na presença dos cooperados, com 115 questões fechadas e abertas, com o objetivo de apresentar o perfil socioeconômico dos produtores de açafrão; identificar os aspectos relacionados às propriedades produtoras; as atividades de manejo da mão-de-obra da produção do açafrão; conhecer também o grau de elevação da renda dos pesquisados e o índice de satisfação em relação à gestão dos dirigentes da cooperativa. A pesquisa foi fundamentada em dados coletados diretamente dos cooperados agricultores da Cooperaçafrão Depois de reunidas as informações e as variáveis fundamentais da pesquisa, o estudo constatou que um número significativo de cooperados ativos que nunca desistiram da cooperativa tiveram uma elevação na sua renda. Diante dos dados apresentados pode-se afirmar que o cooperativismo aliados à agroindustrialização e às intervenções institucionais representa uma alternativa para que outros agricultores familiares de Mara Rosa e região possam conseguir o mesmo desempenho. A cooperativa esta atravessando um momento difícil e ainda enfrenta a concorrência dos compradores de açafrão da região. Desse modo espera-se que tanto os gestores como os cooperados possam dialogar, refletir e buscarem juntos as soluções para os problemas e dificuldades da cooperativa. Que os gestores ouçam mais associados e procurem atender às suas expectativas e reivindicações, ao mesmo tempo em que os cooperados se comprometam com a cooperativa e participem efetivamente de sua gestão.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossana dos Santos.pdf: 882829 bytes, checksum: 500d08c946262d9ed47a2ecc18832269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-27 / Humanity is using more natural resources than the planet is capable of restoring. The great current challenge is to program a form of sustainable development in a fast and efficient way. With the shortage of the natural resources, added to the disordered growth of the world population and the intensity of the environmental impacts, a conflict arises between the sustainability in the economic and natural systems, resulting in the protection of the environment as strategic and urgent theme. The problem of the urban solid residues becomes more complex as the volume of produced garbage increases. Through the application of treatment techniques, a reduction of the garbage volume to be buried can be obtained, as places destined to that residue type are insufficient. Recycling stands out among those techniques, as it provides environmental, social and economical benefits. The need to awake the population to the importance of the selective collection and of the recycling it is urgent, so that garbage can cease to be such an onerous problem for public funds and, mainly, so that that same garbage becomes an ally of the environment, serving even as raw material and avoiding the destruction of nature (GROSSI and BRAVE, 2001). In 2007 the services of urban cleaning (sweeping and garbage collection), as well as the administration of the solid residues of Goiânia, were assumed by the city hall (previously they were subcontracted). The city hall of Goiânia developed a project for recycling urban garbage, seeking to propose a reduction in the garbage volume destined to the sanitary dump of the capital, with partnerships between the municipal district and cooperatives that will execute the recycling of the material collected by the city hall. In the project it is foreseen that the municipal public agencies will have to separate the materials susceptible to recycling and that Comurg (Urbanization Company of Goiânia), currently responsible for the collection, should deliver the material to the cooperatives. / A humanidade está usando mais recursos naturais do que o planeta é capaz de repor. O grande desafio atual é programar uma forma de desenvolvimento sustentável de modo rápido e eficiente. Com a escassez dos recursos naturais, somada ao crescimento desordenado da população mundial e à intensidade dos impactos ambientais, surgiu o conflito da sustentabilidade nos sistemas econômico e natural, elegendo-se a proteção ao meio ambiente como temática estratégica e urgente. A problemática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos torna-se mais complexa quanto maior for o volume de lixo produzido. Através da aplicação de técnicas de tratamento, obtém-se uma redução do volume de lixo a ser aterrado, uma vez que os locais destinados a esse tipo de resíduo são insuficientes. Dentre essas técnicas destaca-se a reciclagem, por propiciar diversos benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos. A necessidade de despertar a população para a importância da coleta seletiva e da reciclagem é urgente, para que o lixo deixe de ser um problema tão oneroso para os cofres públicos e, principalmente, para que esse mesmo lixo torne-se um aliado do meio ambiente, servindo, inclusive, de matéria-prima e evitando o desgaste da natureza (GROSSI e VALENTE, 2001). Em 2007 os serviços de limpeza urbana (varrição e coleta de lixo), bem como a gestão dos resíduos sólidos de Goiânia, foram assumidos pela prefeitura (anteriormente eram terceirizados). A prefeitura de Goiânia desenvolveu um projeto para reciclagem do lixo urbano que visa propor uma redução no volume de lixo destinado ao aterro sanitário da capital, com parcerias entre o município e cooperativas que farão a reciclagem do material recolhido pela prefeitura. No projeto está previsto que os órgãos públicos municipais terão que separar os materiais passíveis de reciclagem e a Comurg (Companhia de Urbanização de Goiânia), atual responsável pela coleta, deverá encaminhar o material às cooperativas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 taniamaria.pdf: 978829 bytes, checksum: 20630d58c11b95698816208b6c6cd172 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 / The objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of the administration way adopted in the Integrated Complex Avicola of the Agroindustrial Cooperative – Copacol to the systemic competitiveness maintenance from 1990 to 2004. The Industrial Economy premises under the focus of Economy of the Costs of Transaction – ECT, originated in Coase (1937), and later extended with the Teacher Oliver Williamson (1989) contributions are used. The theorist referential presents the distinction between the agribusiness and agroindustrial systems. It analyzes the agroindustrial chain of broiler chicken expanding itself in the integration system explanation which is used in the South region of the country. It presents the systemic competitiveness in the static, dynamical and systemic approaches. In a short way, the competitiveness pattern in the industrial groups is analyzed. Through a short historic, a conceptual approach and its orientating principles the theorist referential is ended with the cooperatives as well as the organizational characteristics. The central hypothesis of this study considers that the competitiveness of Avicola Integrated Complex of the Agroindustrial Cooperative Consolata – Copacol is based in the administration capacity by means of hybrid ways through the contratualization of the agents: processing agroindustrial and integrated product. In this way, the administration used contributes to the confrontation of the competitive market in which one the Cooperative is inserted maintaining the systemic competitiveness of the Avicola Integrated Complex without compromising the orientating principles of the Cooperative. The contractual hybrid way used is adopted due to the complex and technical structure in which the productive processes of broiler chicken are involved. In this study is relevant to understand that the productive organization is a cooperative so the organizational characteristics differ from a marketing productive organization. The welfare of the associates and the maintenance of the cooperative principles are over the objective of the profit as occurs in a capitalist marketing society. The cooperative, being able to compete in the market, allows the autochthonous resources using, the democratic behavior and the interest by the collectivity. The cooperatives inserted in a strongly competitive market present in the same time the economical dimension and the results, and a social one being the efficiency an essential element in its enterprises. Through this research can be concluded that the competitiveness of the Integrated Complex Avicola of the Agro-industrial Cooperative Consolata – Copacol is based on the capacity of administration by means of hybrid forms of administration, through the contratualization among the integrator aviculture agents and agroindustrial integrator, and that this contributes for the confrontation of the competitive market where the Cooperative is inserted, keeping the systemic competitiveness of the Integrated Complex Avicola without compromising the orientating principles of the Cooperative. It is concluded that there is relation between administration structures and systemic competitiveness, and that the form of used administration contributes for the systemic competitiveness of the activity through the reduction of the transaction costs. Keywords: Administration; Systemic Competitiveness; Economy of the Costs of Transaction. Cooperatives. / O objetivo de estudo desse trabalho é analisar a contribuição da forma de governança adotada no Complexo Integrado Avícola da Cooperativa Agroindustrial - Copacol para a manutenção da competitividade sistêmica, no período entre 1990 a 2004. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico os pressupostos da Economia Industrial, sob o enfoque da Economia dos Custos de Transação – ECT, originada em Coase (1937), e mais tarde enriquecida com as contribuições do professor Oliver Williamson (1989). O referencial teórico apresenta a distinção entre agribusiness e sistemas agroindustriais. Analisa a cadeia agroindustrial de frango de corte, desdobrando-se na explicação do sistema de integração, que é utilizada na região Sul do país. Apresenta a competitividade sistêmica nas abordagens estática, dinâmica e sistêmica. De forma breve, analisa-se o padrão de concorrência nos grupos industriais. O referencial teórico se encerra com as cooperativas, através de um breve histórico, de uma abordagem conceitual e de seus princípios norteadores, bem como de características organizacionais. A hipótese central do presente estudo considera que a competitividade do Complexo Integrado Avícola da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Consolata - Copacol está baseada na capacidade de governança mediante formas híbridas, através da contratualização entre os agentes econômicos, que neste caso são considerados os agentes: agroindústria processadora e produtor integrado. Desta forma, a governança utilizada contribui para o enfrentamento do mercado competitivo em que se insere a Cooperativa, mantendo a competitividade sistêmica do Complexo Integrado Avícola, sem comprometer os princípios norteadores cooperativistas. A forma contratual híbrida utilizada é adotada em virtude da complexa e tecnificada estrutura em que os processos produtivos do frango de corte estão envolvidos. Neste estudo, é relevante compreender que a organização produtiva é uma cooperativa, e, portanto as características organizacionais diferem de uma organização produtiva mercantil. O bem-estar dos associados e a manutenção dos princípios cooperativos estão acima do objetivo de lucro, como ocorre em uma sociedade mercantil capitalista. Capaz de competir no mercado, a Cooperativa permite o aproveitamento dos recursos autóctones, o comportamento democrático e o interesse pela coletividade. As cooperativas, inseridas em um mercado fortemente competitivo, apresentam ao mesmo tempo a dimensão econômica e de resultados, e a social, sendo a eficiência elemento essencial em seus empreendimentos. Através da pesquisa realizada, pode-se concluir que a competitividade do Complexo Integrado Avícola da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Consolata - Copacol está baseada na capacidade de governança mediante formas híbridas de governança, através da contratualização entre os agentes avicultor integrado e agroindústria integradora, e que isto contribui para o enfrentamento do mercado competitivo em que se insere a Cooperativa, mantendo a competitividade sistêmica do Complexo Integrado Avícola, sem comprometer os princípios norteadores cooperativistas. Conclui-se que existe relação entre estruturas de governança e competitividade sistêmica, e que a forma de governança utilizada contribui para a competitividade sistêmica da atividade através da diminuição dos custos de transação.

Considerando a relevância das cooperativas agropecuárias no agronegócio e, consequentemente, na economia brasileira e a importância dessas organizações aos produtores rurais, propõe-se, com base na abordagem da Gestão baseada em valor (VBM), identificar os direcionadores de valor mais adequados para as cooperativas agropecuárias brasileiras, além de mensurar a criação de valor econômico dessas organizações e formas de maximizá-la. Assim, motivado pela literatura de VBM e pelos poucos estudos empíricos sobre direcionadores de valor em cooperativas, o presente estudo defende a TESE de que a Gestão baseada em valor pode ser aplicada às organizações econômicas sem finalidade lucrativa, especificamente, as cooperativas agropecuárias, visando adequada mensuração da criação de valor econômico e de seus direcionadores de valor. Para tanto, utilizou-se a variável criação de valor econômico (EVA®) como proxy para valor econômico das cooperativas agropecuárias, sendo estimado Ke com base no CAPM, utilizando beta a partir da abordagem dos fundamentos. Foram propostos 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor limitados a análise das estratégias financeiras, os quais foram agrupados nas categorias de decisão operacional, de financiamento e de investimentos da gestão, além do tamanho das cooperativas. Para tanto, foram aplicadas as técnicas análise fatorial e regressão de dados em painel em uma amostra composta pelas cooperativas agropecuárias singulares dos estados do Paraná e do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período de 2008 a 2016, totalizando 739 observações. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os fatores extraídos (Financimaneto, Tamanho, Retorno, Giro e Investimento) dos 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor possuem relação estatisticamente significante a 10% com a criação de valor econômico das cooperativas agropecuárias. Quando da análise da relação entre os 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor e a criação de valor das cooperativas agropecuárias, os resultados evidenciaram as variáveis margem líquida (ML) , giro do ativo (G_AT), rotatividade do estoque (G_EST) e custo médio ponderado de capital (WACC) como os principais direcionadores de valor, sendo a ML e o WACC os de maior influência sobre a geração de valor econômico das cooperativas. Adicionalmente, as variáveis endividamento de longo prazo (END_LP), investimentos em ativos fixos (IMOB), receita (REC) e poder aquisitivo básico (PAB) foram identificadas como direcionadores de valor somente para as cooperativas criadoras de valor e as variáveis crescimento de vendas (CV) e alavancagem financeira (AF) foram identificadas como direcionadores de valor para as cooperativas destruidoras de valor. Esses resultados são importantes para que gestores e associados possam gerir a cooperativa voltando seus esforços e decisões para a maximização da criação de valor e/ou minimização da destruição de valor ao produtor rural associado. Além disso, os resultados contribuem para a análise de avaliação de desempenho econômico-financeira e, ainda, os direcionadores podem ser utilizados no processo de definição do retorno (remuneração e incentivos) aos gestores, alinhando os interesses desses aos interesses dos associados (proprietários), direcionando os esforços dos gestores à criação de valor aos associados. / Agricultural cooperatives are relevant to their members and to economy in Brazil. This research, based on Value-based Management (VBM) approach, identifies the most appropriate value drivers for Brazilian agricultural cooperatives and measures economic value of these organizations and how it could be maximized. This research was motivated by the literature on VBM and the lack of empirical studies about value drivers in cooperatives, so, the present study defends the thesis of VBM could be applied to non-profit economic organizations, specifically, agricultural cooperatives, as a wat to measure adequately economic value and their value drivers. For this purpose, the economic value added (EVA®) was used as a proxy for economic value of agricultural cooperatives. CAPM was used to determine the cost of equity capital, based on beta from fundamentalist approach. This research defined 19 variables as potential value drivers of financial strategies into categories, as operational, financing and investment decisions, and, lastly, the cooperative\'s size. The research methods were factorial analysis and panel data regression. Final sample was composed by singular agricultural cooperatives of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, during 2008 to 2016, totalizing a final sample of 739 observations. The results showed that all the factors extracted (Financial, Size, Return, Turn and Investment) of the 19 potential value drivers are statistically significant at 10% with the economic value of the agricultural cooperatives. When analyzing the relationship between the 19 potential value drivers and the economic value added. When analyzing the relation between the 19 potential value drivers and the value of agricultural cooperatives, the results show net profit margin (ML), asset turnover (G_AT), inventory turnover (G_EST) and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the key value drivers. It should be noted that ML and WACC have greater influence on the value of cooperatives. In addition, the variables long-term debt (END_LP), Fixed assets turnover (IMOB), revenue (REC) and basic earning power (PAB) were identified as value drivers only for cooperatives that created value in the period, instead of sales growth (CV) and financial leverage (AF) variables were identified as value drivers only for cooperatives that destroyed value in the period. These results are important for managers and members to manage the cooperative, so they can focus their efforts and decisions to maximize member\'s value added and/or minimize member\'s destruction of value. These results also contribute to the analysis of the economic and financial performance of cooperatives and could be used in the process of defining the return (remuneration and incentives) to the managers, aligning their interests with the interests of the members (owners), as a way to orientate managers\' efforts to create value for members.