In order to simulate the histories of temperature distributions and plastic flow of the dwell phase during a friction stir welding process, the Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the simultaneous equations of energy and momentum in the cylindrical-coordinate system. Comparing the simulation with the results of experiment, results show that the contact condition between the tool and the workpiece is at pure sliding without plastic flow at the beginning of the dwell phase until the temperature rises to about 300¢XC at the depth of 1.5 mm. In this period, the heat generation comes from the sliding friction between two surfaces. After the plastic flow occurs, the heat generation rises rapidly, and then decreases to a saturated value so that the temperature rise also achieves a constant value. Thermal expansion of the workpiece will increase the plunge force, so that the heat generation and the temperature raise increase. At the steady state condition, with increasing sticking proportion, the heat generation and the temperature quickly achieve a saturated value. For the steady-state condition, results show that the speed of plastic flow and shear strain rate increase with increasing rotational speed. The control of the contact state variable can effectively describe the heat generation and the distribution of plastic flow in different contact conditions. Comparing the simulation with the results of experiment, the contact condition can be identified.

Abstract¡G This thesis mainly implemented an RF transmitter with high efficiency and high linearity. A Cartesian to Polar transformation was implemented by CORDIC algorithm using FPGA. By replacing the envelope detector and limiter in traditional envelope elimination and restoration transmitter, this technique not only achieves more accurate modulation quality, but also becomes more suitable for single chip system. Applying the first order delta-sigma modulation and highly efficient switching-mode DC converter, the envelope signal was amplified highly efficiently. Due to the class-E power amplifier having good linear relation between output voltage and supply voltage, the polar modulation transmitter can achieve high efficiency and high linearity simultaneously. Furthermore, this thesis purposed a new transmitter with two-terminal time-varying modulation. The IQ modulated signal was fed to the input terminal of class-E amplifier, while the envelope signal was used to amplitude modulate the voltage supply terminal. With dynamic input power control, the conversion efficiency and linearity are independent of output power in the purposed architecture. From the experimental results, while transmitting a QPSK-modulated CDMA2000 1x signal with 1.2288 Msps data rate, the transmitter achieve 48 % in drain efficiency, 47 dB in ACPR, and 6 % in EVM at the output power ranging from 10 to 22 dBm.

Computer graphics has become one of the important method to display information and has been applied in many applications such as CAD, medical image processing, computer animation, multimedia and virtual reality. These popular applications rely on the low-cost and real-time processing of 3D graphics which become available due to the breakthrough in the hardware design of 3D graphic engine. In this thesis, we implement a CORDIC-based floating-point processor that can compute a wide variety of arithmetic operations and show how it can be applied to the design of 3D engine.

This thesis presents a method for simulating fluids on a view dependent grid structure to exploit level-of-detail with distance to the viewer. Current computer graphics techniques, such as the Stable Fluid and Particle Level Set methods, are modified to support a nonuniform simulation grid. In addition, infinite fluid boundary conditions are introduced that allow fluid to flow freely into or out of the simulation domain to achieve the effect of large, boundary free bodies of fluid. Finally, a physically based rendering method known as photon mapping is used in conjunction with ray tracing to generate realistic images of water with caustics. These methods were implemented as a C++ application framework capable of simulating and rendering fluid in a variety of user-defined coordinate systems.

The Texas A&M Flight Research Laboratory (FRL) recently received delivery of its newest aircraft, the Velocity XL-5 RG. The Velocity can fly faster than the other aircraft owned by the FRL and does not have a propeller in the front of the aircraft to disrupt the air flow. These are definite advantages that make the Velocity an attractive addition to the FRL inventory to be used in boundary-layer stability and transition control. Possible mounting locations built into the aircraft for future projects include hard points in the wings and roof of the fuselage. One of the drawbacks of the aircraft is that it has a canard ahead of the main wing that could disrupt the incoming flow for a wing glove or research requiring test pieces mounted to the hard point in the wing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influence the canard and the impact of its wake on the wing of the aircraft before any in-depth aerodynamic research could be completed on the aircraft. A combination of in-flight measurements of the canard wake and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were used to provide a clear picture of the flowfield around the aircraft. The first step of the project consisted of making a 3-D CAD model of the aircraft. This model was then used for the CFD simulations in Fluent. 2-D, 3-D, inviscid, and viscous simulations were preformed on the aircraft. A pressure rake was designed to house a 5-hole probe and 18 Pitot probes that extended forward of the main wing to measure the location and strength of the canard wake at various flight conditions. There were five primary test points that were recorded at multiple times over the course of three flights. Once all of the data were collected from the flights, the freestream conditions became the inputs into the final, 3-D CFD simulations on the aircraft. The good agreement between the CFD results and the in-flight measurements provided the necessary verification of the CFD model of the aircraft. These results can be used in the future planning and execution of experiments involving the Velocity XL-5 RG.

In this study, a new vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) for the plate is developed and applied to study the responses of a traditional plate member applied to engineering structures. The VFIFE method is a solution procedure for the mechanic problems by adopting the traditional co-rotational explicit finite element method developed by Belyschko and Hsieh (1973). Three different shape-functions including the simplest polynomial form shape-function (Poly), non-conforming area coordinate shape-function (BCIZ) and the conforming area coordinate shape-function (BCIZC) are utilized to simulate the displacement field of the plate. For a system with nonzero rigid-body displacement, the equilibrium will be difficult to achieve in the global coordinate system when the traditional finite element method is applied. By separating the rigid-body motions from the deformed motions, this problem can be easily taken care. In numerical examples, the accuracy and efficiency of this new developed vector form intrinsic finite element for plate simulation are also examined. It is found that compared to the analytical solution, the accuracy is excellent, while compared to traditional finite element method, the efficiency is also encouraging. This new VIFIFE plate element was also applied to the analysis for the sheet plate members in the harbor structures such as the sheep-pile wharf structural system. It was found that not only can the global behaviors of the pile be clearly observed but also local variations in deformations of the steel sheet are clearly shown.

Dieses Manuskript entstand aus Vorlesungen über Geodätische Berechnungen an der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden. Da diese Lehrveranstaltung im ersten oder zweiten Semester stattfindet, werden noch keine Methoden der höheren Mathematik benutzt. Das Themenspektrum beschränkt sich deshalb weitgehend auf elementare Berechnungen in der Ebene. Nur im Kapitel 7 kommen einige Methoden der Vektorrechnung zum Einsatz.

We give an alternate description of the usual shell equation that does not depend on the special mid surface coordinates, but uses differential operators defined on the mid surface.

Bulky 1,4-diamines 1,2-[2,4,6-(CH3)3-C6H3NH-CH2]2-C6H4 and 1,2-(2,6-iPr2C6H3NHCH2)2-C6H4 were utilized as pro-ligands for the formation of novel three-coordinate aluminum alkyl compounds with the general formula [(1,4-diamido)AlR], where R = Me or Et. The synthesis of analogous aluminum hydrides was also explored resulting in the formation of four-coordinate complexes incorporating bridging hydrides. The three-coordinate aluminum complexes were developed as single-component catalysts in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters. The main focus was on caprolactone polymerization, but other monomers were explored, including lactide, butyrolactone, cis-cyclooctene, and diphenylacetylene. The mechanism of polymerization with caprolactone was also studied. The coordination chemistry of other metals and non-metals with the 1,4-diamido ligands were also investigated. Phosphorus, boron, zinc, and zirconium were the main focus. [(1,4-diamido)PCl] complexes were successfully synthesised as precursors to the formation of cationic phosphenium species, [(1,4-diamido)P]+.

We have effectively identified and removed ground roll through a twostep process. The first step is to identify the major components of the ground roll through various methods including multiscale separation, directional or frequency filtering or by any other method that identifies the ground roll. Given this estimate for ground roll, the recorded signal is separated during the second step through a block-coordinate relaxation method that seeks the sparsest set for weighted curvelet coefficients of the ground roll and the sought-after reflectivity. The combination of these two methods allows us to separate out the ground roll signal while preserving the reflector information. Since our method is iterative, we have control of the separation process. We successfully tested our algorithm on a real data set with a complex ground roll and reflector structure.