Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-09-19T16:19:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Richard Mateus Altmayer_.pdf: 11624194 bytes, checksum: 033148b21ac20bc09f084ae426e1e45f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T16:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Richard Mateus Altmayer_.pdf: 11624194 bytes, checksum: 033148b21ac20bc09f084ae426e1e45f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A utilização de informações sobre comportamento de navegação de usuários na web tem sido amplamente utilizada para traçar perfis comportamentais de usuários com o intuito de oferecer anúncios publicitários por segmentos ou categorias. Nesta mesma linha, hábitos de comportamento baseado em locais que um indivíduo frequenta no seu cotidiano também podem ser analisados. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de agrupamento de indivíduos de uma população para posterior análise de seus hábitos de frequência a locais (GeoSocial). Os padrões de frequência dos grupos formados representam características de comportamento da população e podem ajudar a identificar oportunidades mercadológicas ou auxiliar aos tomadores de decisão ligados ao governo proporem determinadas melhorias/mudanças na infra-estrutura de uma determinada cidade. As informações dos locais de interesse frequentados pelos usuários são capturadas por coordenadas GPS via aplicativo móvel desenvolvido. O aplicativo rastreia e armazena as localidades que o indivíduo frequenta, permite visualizar o seu tempo e locais de permanência e pode conectá-lo à uma rede social formada a partir das similaridades entre seus hábitos e de outros indivíduos. O modelo proposto engloba: i. um módulo de clusterização de usuários que utiliza a técnica Affinity Propagation; ii. um módulo de visualização interativa para análise dos grupos por meio da técnica de Coordenadas Paralelas. O GeoSocial é avaliado mediante a utilização de diferentes cenários, fazendo uso de dados artificiais gerados. A avaliação evidencia o potencial de adaptação do modelo à diferentes objetivos de análise. / Information about user navigation behavior on the web has been widely used to draw user behavioral profiles in order to offer advertisements segmented by categories. In this same line, behavior habits based on places that an individual attends in their daily life can also be analyzed. This paper proposes a clustering model of individuals for further analysis of their habits of frequency in places (GeoSocial). Patterns of the formed groups represent characteristics of population’s behavior and can help to identify market opportunities or to help decision makers linked to government to propose improvements/changes in the infrastructure of a city. Users information about their frequented interest places are captured by GPS coordinates by a mobile app developed. App tracks and storages places that are frequent individuals. It allows visualize their time permanency on places and connect they to a social network formed from the similarities between their habits and the others. The proposed model includes: i. a user clustering module based on Affinity Propagation technique; ii. an interactive visualization module to analyze individual data correlation of groups based on Parallel Coordinates technique. GeoSocial is evaluated by different scenarios, making use of artificial data generated. Evaluation indicates the possibility of the model to a multitude of objectives.

As condições climáticas de determinada região são de importância estratégica para o planejamento agrícola. No entanto, é comum localidades distantes de alguma estação meteorológica. O presente mestrado teve o intuito de propor um modelo para estimar valores de temperatura média diária e precipitação diária em localidades sem informação meteorológica. Os dados climáticos foram obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia Agrícola (INMET) e da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Estimaram-se equações para dados diários através da regressão linear múltiplas entre as variáveis temperatura média (Tm) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, desvio padrão da temperatura (T) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, precipitação média (Pm) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, Precipitação mínima (Pmin) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, precipitação máxima (Pmáx) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, desvio padrão da chuva (P) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, probabilidade de não chover (P) versus altitude, latitude e longitude, correlação da temperatura T) e precipitação P) com o dia anterior versus altitude, latitude e longitude para cada dia do ano e verificou-se a significância a 5% de probabilidade. Dessa forma, qualquer localidade passou a ter os parâmetros necessários para a gerar séries sintéticas, assumindo o processo multivariado contínuo. Para a criação da série sintética de temperatura usou-se Tm, T, T, os parâmetros usados na criação da série de precipitação foram Pmin, Pmáx, Pm, P e P. Foram geradas séries de 100 anos em 507 localidades para Temperatura média diária e mensal, além de Precipitação média diária e mensal. A capacidade de armazenamento de água (CAD) foi estimada em todas as localidades através de modelos de pedotransferência. Os teores de argila, silte, areia e matéria orgânica do solo usados na pedotransferência foram obtidos do levantamento de solo RADAM e interpolados através da geoestatística. Em todas as localidades foi feito o balanço hídrico pelo método de Tornthwaite com os respectivos valores estimados de temperatura e precipitação, além da CAD específica da localidade. A validação do modelo gerador de séries sintéticas foi feita utilizando índices de correlação entre valores observados e estimados. Usou-se a ERP (erro relativo padrão), o coeficiente de correlação linear (r2), o índice de concordância (d) e o produto entre o coeficiente de correlação e o índice de concordância, chamado de índice de confiança (c). Obteve-se índices de confiança baixos para a estimativa de temperatura média diária e muito baixos para a precipitação média diária. No entanto, o modelo teve bom desempenho para dados mensais, obtendo índices boa correlação linear e concordância para temperatura e precipitação. / The climatic conditions of any region could be of the extreme importance to the strategic analysis of agricultural planning. However, it\'s common fields that are far away from any meteorological station. This mastership proposes a model to estimate values of daily temperature and rainfall. The climatic data was collected from National Meteorological Agriculture Institute (INMET) and from National Water Agency (ANA). The equation made with linear multiple regression for daily data among the parameters average of temperature (Tm) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, standard deviation of temperature (T) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, average of rainfall (Pm) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, minimal rainfall (Pmin) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, maximum rainfall (Pmáx) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, standard deviation of rain (P) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, probability of not rain (P) versus altitude, latitude and longitude, correlation of temperature (T) and precipitation (P) between two consecutive days versus altitude, latitude and longitude. The analysis of significance was done with 5% of probability. Any location could obtain the parameters to generate synthetic series, using a multivariated continuous process. It was used Tm, T, T to create the synthetic series of temperature, the parameters used to create de synthetic series of rainfall were Pmin, Pmáx, Pm, P e P. 100 synthetic series were created in 507 locations for daily and monthly temperature and rainfall. The soil water capacity was estimated for all locations using a pedotransfer model. The percentage of clay, silt, sand and organic matter were obtained on the Soil Survey RADAM and interpolated by geoestatiscal analysis. All locations had the water balance done by Thornthwaite method with its respective estimated value of temperature and rainfall, using the specific soil water capacity of the location. The model validation of synthetic series generator was done using correlations index between observed and estimated values. Was used the relative pattern error (ERP), linear correlation (r2), concordance index (d) and the product of the last both index called reliable index (c). The reliable index obtained for daily temperature and rainfall was very low. However, the model had a good efficiency for monthly temperature and rainfall.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions un super-analogue de l'espace de Teichmüller des surfaces à trous. Le but de notre étude est la construction sur cet espace de coordonnées analogues aux coordonnées de décalage de Thurston-Bonahon-Fock-Penner. Ces coordonnées dépendent du choix d'une triangulation idéale de la surface de départ. Nous étudions les changements de coordonnées lorsque l'on change cette triangulation de la surface. Nous démontrons également que cet espace possède une structure de Poisson canonique et que cette structure est indépendante du choix de la triangulation. / In this thesis we study a superanalogue of the Teichmüller space of surfaces with holes.The aim of our study is the construction of coordinates on this space which are analogousto the Thurston-Bonahon-Fock-Penner shear coordinates. These coordinates depend on a choice of an ideal triangulation of the given surface. We study the changes of coordinates when we modify the triangulation by elementary moves. We also show that this spaceadmits a canonical Poisson structure which is independent of the choice of a triangulation.

<p>The decrease in number and area of managed hay-meadows over the last century, in combination with the reduction of traditional management, threatens the biodiversity connected to these habitats. I experimentally examined how management intensity affected meadow characteristics and long-term population viability of three vascular plant species in wooded hay-meadows on the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. I discovered that intensified management (extra raking and/or extra mowing) reduced the amount of litter and biomass, even in well-managed meadows. </p><p>The effects of intensified management on population growth rate varied among species. Deterministic demographic models revealed that intensified management increased population growth rate in <i>Succisa pratensis</i>. Stochastic modelling confirmed this; all meadows displayed larger projected population sizes 50 years into the future with intensified management. <i>Polygala amarella</i> responded with lower growth rates in raked plots, a consequence of the plant’s morphology, which makes it prone to being pulled out by raking. <i>Hypochoeris maculata</i> had population growth rates close to unity, and showed no response to an increase in management. Examination of the life-history characteristics of <i>Polygala amarella</i> showed that the species’ strategy is aimed at reproduction and fast growth, which is in contrast to the other two species, with their success relying on the survival of older plants. The species-specific responses to management show that several species should be considered when evaluating management practices for conservation of semi-natural grasslands. Furthermore, I suggest that data on stage distributions alone may not be sufficient for identifying threatened populations.</p><p>In a study of artificial dispersal between meadows, I found that establishment was twice as successful for planted plug-plants compared to sown seeds. Both methods may be useful for introducing or augmenting meadow populations, depending on access to seed sources and possibilities to nurse plants.</p><p>An electronic coordinate measurement device for gathering location data to be used in demographic studies was developed. In the field, the device proved to be a simple and reliable method for locating individuals in permanent plots.</p>

During the last years, MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) has been deployed by most large Service Providers (SP). The main driver for MPLS deployment is the ability to provide new services with stringent Service Level Agreements (SLAs) such as layer-2 and layer-3 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) as well as Voice and Video over IP. Most of these services are already deployed inside single SP networks. However, customers now require world-wide VPN and VoIP services. Therefore, SPs need to collaborate to offer these services across multiple SP networks. Inside a single SP network, each node usually knows the complete topology of the network with the load and delay of all the links. Based on this information, each router is able to compute constrained paths toward any other router inside the SP network. Then, it can establish a connection and reserve resources along the computed path with the Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP-TE). However, when services with stringent requirements must cross multiple SP networks the computation of the path becomes a problem. Routers in different SP networks exchange routing information by using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). BGP provides reachability information. It does not distribute complete topology, delay and bandwidth information. One way to provide guaranteed services crossing different SPs is to delegate the computation of the paths to a Path Computation Element (PCE) that learns the topology of the different SPs. However, this requires that SPs reveal information that they usually consider confidential, their topology. In this thesis, we perform active measurements to show the difficulty to engineer the interdomain traffic with BGP. MPLS together with RSVP-TE provide much more control on the traffic. We define extensions to RSVP-TE for the protection of inter-AS MPLS paths. The aim is to be able to provide the same service guarantees as inside a domain while keeping the internal topology of SPs confidential, as required by SPs. We propose and evaluate distributed techniques relying on PCEs for the computation of interdomain constrained paths respecting the latter confidentiality requirement.

The decrease in number and area of managed hay-meadows over the last century, in combination with the reduction of traditional management, threatens the biodiversity connected to these habitats. I experimentally examined how management intensity affected meadow characteristics and long-term population viability of three vascular plant species in wooded hay-meadows on the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. I discovered that intensified management (extra raking and/or extra mowing) reduced the amount of litter and biomass, even in well-managed meadows. The effects of intensified management on population growth rate varied among species. Deterministic demographic models revealed that intensified management increased population growth rate in Succisa pratensis. Stochastic modelling confirmed this; all meadows displayed larger projected population sizes 50 years into the future with intensified management. Polygala amarella responded with lower growth rates in raked plots, a consequence of the plant’s morphology, which makes it prone to being pulled out by raking. Hypochoeris maculata had population growth rates close to unity, and showed no response to an increase in management. Examination of the life-history characteristics of Polygala amarella showed that the species’ strategy is aimed at reproduction and fast growth, which is in contrast to the other two species, with their success relying on the survival of older plants. The species-specific responses to management show that several species should be considered when evaluating management practices for conservation of semi-natural grasslands. Furthermore, I suggest that data on stage distributions alone may not be sufficient for identifying threatened populations. In a study of artificial dispersal between meadows, I found that establishment was twice as successful for planted plug-plants compared to sown seeds. Both methods may be useful for introducing or augmenting meadow populations, depending on access to seed sources and possibilities to nurse plants. An electronic coordinate measurement device for gathering location data to be used in demographic studies was developed. In the field, the device proved to be a simple and reliable method for locating individuals in permanent plots.

Data can be found everywhere, for example in the form of price, size, weight and colour of all products sold by a company, or as time series of daily observations of temperature, precipitation, wind and visibility from thousands of stations. Due to their size and complexity it is intrinsically hard to form a global overview and understanding of them. Information visualization aims at overcoming these difficulties by transforming data into representations that can be more easily interpreted. This thesis presents work on the development of methods to enable efficient information visualization of multivariate and time-varying data sets by conveying information in a clear and interpretable way, and in a reasonable time. The work presented is primarily based on a popular multivariate visualization technique called parallel coordinates but many of the methods can be generalized to apply to other information visualization techniques. A three-dimensional, multi-relational version of parallel coordinates is presented that enables a simultaneous analysis of all pairwise relationships between a single focus variable and all other variables included in the display. This approach permits a more rapid analysis of highly multivariate data sets. Through a number of user studies the multi-relational parallel coordinates technique has been evaluated against standard, two-dimensional parallel coordinates and been found to better support a number of different types of task. High precision density maps and transfer functions are presented as a means to reveal structure in large data displayed in parallel coordinates. These two approaches make it possible to interactively analyse arbitrary regions in a parallel coordinates display without risking the loss of significant structure. Another focus of this thesis relates to the visualization of time-varying, multivariate data. This has been studied both in the specific application area of system identification using volumetric representations, as well as in the general case by the introduction of temporal parallel coordinates. The methods described in this thesis have all been implemented using modern computer graphics hardware which enables the display and manipulation of very large data sets in real time. A wide range of data sets, both synthetically generated and taken from real applications, have been used to test these methods. It is expected that, as long as the data have multivariate properties, they could be employed efficiently.

Digital Clay represents a new type of 3-D human-computer interface device that enables tactile and haptic interactions. The Digital Clay kinematics structure is computer controlled and can be commanded to acquire a wide variety of desired shapes (shape display), or be deformed by the user in a manner similar to that of real clay (shape editing). The design of the structure went through various modifications where we finally settled on a crust matrix of spherical joint unit cells. After designing the kinematics structure, the next step is predicting the deformation of the crust matrix based upon a handful of inputs. One possible solution for predicting the shape outcome is considering minimizing the potential energy of the system. In this thesis two methods will be introduced. The first method will be an abstract model of the crust where the energy is calculated from a simplified model with one type of angular springs. The second method is the actual manufacturable crust model with two types of angular springs. From the implementation of these two methods, the output will be center-points of the unit cells. From the center-points, one can also calculate the joint angles within each unit cell.

The basic problem with angle-only or bearings-only tracking is to estimate the trajectory of a target (i.e., position and velocity) by using noise corrupted sensor angle data. In this thesis, the tracking platform is an Aerial Vehicle and the target is simulated as another Aerial Vehicle. Therefore, the problem can be defined as a single-sensor bearings only tracking. The state consists of relative position and velocity between the target and the platform. In the case where both the target and the platform travel at constant velocity, the angle measurements do not provide any information about the range between the target and the platform. The platform has to maneuver to be able to estimate the range of the target. Two problems are investigated and tested on simulated data. The first problem is tracking non-maneuvering targets. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Range Parameterized Kalman Filter and particle filter are implemented in order to track non-maneuvering targets. As the second problem, tracking maneuvering targets are investigated. An interacting multiple model (IMM) filter and different particle filter solutions are designed for this purpose. Kalman filter covariance matrix initialization and regularization step of the regularized particle filter are discussed in detail.

This work serves to present the background, approach, and selected results for the initial master thesis and prototyping phase of Open Space, a joint visualization software development project by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Linköping University (LiU) and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). The thesis report provides a theoretical introduction to heliophysics, modeling of space weather events, volumetric rendering, and an understanding of how these relate in the bigger scope of Open Space. A set of visualization tools that are currently used at NASA and AMNH are presented and discussed. These tools are used to visualize global heliosphere models, both for scientific studies and for public presentations, and are mainly making use of geometric rendering techniques. The paper will, in detail, describe a new approach to visualize the science models with volumetric rendering to better represent the volumetric structure of the data. Custom processors have been developed for the open source volumetric rendering engine Voreen, to load and visualize science models provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Selected parts of the code are presented by C++ code examples. To best represent models that are defined in non-Cartesian space, a new approach to volumetric rendering is presented and discussed. Compared to the traditional approach of transforming such models to Cartesian space, this new approach performs no such model transformations, and thus minimizes the amount of empty voxels and introduces less interpolation artifacts. Final results are presented as rendered images and are discussed from a scientific visualization perspective, taking into account the physics representation, potential rendering artifacts, and the rendering performance.