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The application of the Copyright Act, 1978, to works made prior to 1979Dean, O. H. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD) -- Stellenbosch University, 1988. / Article 1 Section 8 Clause 8 of the Constitution of the
United States of America empowers Congress "to promote the
progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited
times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their
respective writings and discoveries". This simple clause
sums up in a few words the philosophy and underlying principles
of modern copyright law. Copyright law, like other
branches of intellectual property law (i.e. the laws of
patents, trade marks and designs), seeks to create a system
whereby the creator of original works or intellectual property
is afforded a qualified monopoly in the use or
exploitation of his work in order, first, to compensate and
reward him for the effort, creativity and talent expended
and utilized in the creation of his work, and secondly, to
act as an incentive for him to use his talents and efforts
to create more and better works or items of intellectual
property. The qualified monopoly is limited in duration and
after the expiry of the term the work falls into the public
domain and can be freely used and reproduced by others. A
balance is struck between the interests of the individual
and the public interest. The rationale behind this
philosophy is the establishment of a profit incentive for
creators of intellectual property. The effectiveness of the
profit motive is dependent upon the degree to which the
creator of the intellectual property is able to maintain and
enforce his qualified monopoly. If the law is not effective
in enabling the creator of intellectual property to maintain
and enforce his monopoly then the efficiency of the operation
of the profit motive will be impaired. Consequently,
the soundness and effectiveness of the law of copyright is a
. significant factor in the promotion of the creation of
intellectual property and ultimately• in enriching our culture
and promoting our knowledge and well-being. Viewed from
a different perspective, the purpose of copyright is to
prevent one man from appropriating to himself what has been
produced by the skill and labour of others1 .
In broad terms, copyright may be described as the exclusive
right in relation to a work embodying intellectual property
(i.e. the product of the intellect) to do or to authorize
others to do certain acts in relation to that work, which
acts represent in the case of each type of work the manners
in which that work can be exploited for personal gain or
profit.
Copyright is an immaterial property right. The subject of
the right is a work of the intellect or spirit and thus an
intangible. Copyright in a work is akin to ownership in a
tangible article. The following analysis of the essential
nature of copyright by Slomowitz AJ in Video Parktown North
(Pty) Limited v Paramount Pictures Corporation is instructive: "It seems to me that when he who harbours an idea, by dint of his imagination, skill or labour, or some or
all of them, brings it into being in tactile, visible or audible form, capable thereby of being communicated to others as a meaningful conception or apprehension of
his mind, a right of property in that idea immediatelycomes into existence. The proprietary interest in that object of knowledge is the ownership of it and is
called 'copyright'. It might just as well be called 'ownership', but we have chosen to call it by another name, reserving 'ownership' as the appellation for the proprietary interest in corporeal things, by way of semantic, but not, as I see it, legal, distinction. In
this sense, copyright has sometimes been called 'intellectual property', as it indeed is. " Copyright subsists in the work of the intellect embodied in a material form which is a tangible article. The tangible or physical form of the work embodies two separate items of
property, i.e. the copyright in the work of the intellect and the ownership of the tangible article. Ownership of the two items of property must be distinguished and can vest in
different persons. Transfer of the ownership of one of the
i terns of property does not necessarily affect transfer of
the ownership of the other item of property.
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An analysis of the intepretation and application of the Copyright Act at the Tshwane University of TechnologyStander, Melgeorg Jacobus. January 2008 (has links)
M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School / The Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) is established in terms of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act No. 101 of 1997). The institution offers higher education learning and makes use of study material and other sources that are in most instances copyrighted, for example text books, journals etc. Questions that are often asked by lecturing staff are: Who is the copyright owner of the study material? How much of a textbook may be duplicated? How many copies of the works may be made? May I duplicate study material for students etc.? These questions are often difficult to answer because of the complexity of the Copyright Act, the fact that the Act was promulgated in 1978 and the limited availability of case law which interprets the provisions of the Copyright Act.
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Reproduction of copyrighted material for educational purposesMalan, Karina 06 1900 (has links)
Law / LL.M.
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Reproduction of copyrighted material for educational purposesMalan, Karina 06 1900 (has links)
Law / LL.M.
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Die objek van outeursregHanekom, H. L. D. (Hendrik Lodewyk Deetlefs) 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 1989. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: English abstract not available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tradisionele opvatting was dat Outeursreg gemoeid is met die beskerming van die materiele vorm waarin idees vasgele is. Sedertdien het die klem egter verskuif na die beskerming
van die idee self mits dit egter in stoflike vorm vervat is.
In hierdie tesis word ondersoek ingestel na wat presies die
objek van Outeursreg is en watter rol stoflike aanbieding in
Outeursreg sped.
Ter aanvang word gekyk na die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van
Outeursreg. Daar word gekyk na die pick wat Outeursreg in
die regsisteem beklee met spesifieke verwysing na die
tradisionele indeling van subjektiewe regte. Dit blyk
hieruit dat Outeursreg, as bestaandeel van Immaterieel
goedereg, 'n onstoflike regsobjek het nl. die produk van die
outeur se geestesarbeid of dan sy idee.
Die verwysing na die vereiste van stoflike aanbieding van
idees verg egter nadere ondersoek. Die Wet op Outeursreg 98
van 1973 word ontleel met betrekking tot die aard van
beskermde werke; vereistes vir Outeursregbaskerming;
definisies van terme soos "outeur" en "maak" asook die van
die onderskeie werke; die eiendomsregterminologie en
skendingshandelinge. Regsvergelykend word oorsigtelik ook na
die Amerikaanse Reg verwys. Uit hierdie ontleding blyk
stoflikheid vir doeleindes van die tradisionele
Outeursregwerke te verwys na tasbare aanbieding daarvan, mar dat sb 'n eng definisie nie gehandhaaf kan word ten opsigte van moderne tegnologiese ontwikkelings soos uitsendings en programdraende seine nie, aangesien hierdie
werke van sä 'n aard is dat tasbare vasle:gging daarvan nie
noodwendig altyd plaasvind nie. Onder die skrywers wat
hierdie probleem bespreek is professors Copeling en Van der
Merwe wat aan stoflikheid 'n alternatiewe, wyer betekenis
toedig nl. kommunikeerbare of sintuiglik waarneembare
aanbieding. 'n Botsing tussen die tradisionele en aanbevole
definisie van stoflikheid in die regspraak word ook
uitgewys. Ten einde tegnologie te akkommodeer word die wyer
definisie van stoflikheid in hierdie tesis voorgehou.
Die implikasies van hierdie wyer definisie van stoflikheid
is egter verreikend. Professor Copeling bevestig dan ook dat
dit die moontlikheid van Outeursreg in mondelinge
kommunikasies inhou. Gevolglik word daar veral gekyk waarom
idees as sulks beskerm word deur Onregmatige Mededinging,
maar nie deur Outeursreg nie - 'n vraag wat beantwoord word
met verwysing na die invloed van moderne tegnologie op die
tradisionele indelings van die Immaterieel goederereg. Uit
hierdie ondersoek blyk dit dat Onregmatige Mededinging berus
op die Immaterieel goederereg in plaas van die Deliktereg.
Die uitgebreide definisie van stoflikheid veroorsaak dat die
bestaande indelings van Immaterie61 goedereregte versmelt.
Dit ruim ook die huidige konflik rondom die vereiste van
stoflikheid in die Wet op Outeursreg 93 van 1973 uit die weg.
Laastens word kortliks gewys op die drastiese veranderinge in die spelreels vir inligtingsprodukte wat nodig sal wees om die balans tussen die aansprake van Outeursreghebbendes en die gemeenskap te handhaaf indien die uitgebreide
definisie van stoflikheid aangewend word.
Uiteindelik dien stoflikheid ook in sy uitgebreide vorm
steeds die tradisionele doe om die werk af te skei van die maker se persoonlikheid en dit sodoende buite die mens gelee te maak.
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Problems and constraints experienced by publishers concerning legal deposit in KwaZulu-Natal.Tibane, Sipho Johnson. January 2005 (has links)
Legal deposit and its sustainability is a major problem that cannot be ignored in South Africa. The value of preserving and making accessible information is of primary importance for legal deposit collections. The concept of legal deposit is evolving from decade to decade as many factors continue to influence it. Among the challenges facing legal deposit libraries is the problem of publishers failing to comply with legal deposit requirements. This study investigated the problems and constraints experienced by publishers in KwaZulu- Natal concerning legal deposit. Thirty five publishers were surveyed by means of a selfadministered questionnaire which utilized both open and closed questions. The results of the study reveal that while the vast majority of publishers in KwaZulu-Natal are compliant with legal deposit requirements, they do experience a number of problems while doing so. These problems include financial costs and time constraints while a lack of knowledge about certain aspects of legal deposit on the part of the publishers was evident. Recommendations, which would require participation from all the stakeholders, to address the problems identified were made. The study concluded with suggestions for further research. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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The fair dealing doctrine in respect of digital booksVerhoef, Gerardus 05 March 2019 (has links)
Copyright is essentially the right of the rightsholder of an original work to prohibit others from making or distributing unauthorised copies of his or her work. More specifically for this dissertation, when an end user deals with digital content, one of the aims of copyright becomes the balancing of the conflicting interests in ‘exclusivity’ on the one hand, and in ‘access to information’ on the other. Exclusivity is achieved by the rightsholders through technological protection measures to protect their commercial interests. Access to information is achieved where works are available to the general public without payment and technological protection measures and where the digital content is not directly marketed for commercial gain.
Exclusivity and access to information are two conflicting cultures surrounding copyright in
the digital era. It is submitted that unless we find a socio-economic-legal way for the dynamic coexistence of these two conflicting cultures by means of fair dealing, the culture of exclusivity will eventually dominate fair access to information.
The transient nature of digital content means that rightsholders have little or no control over their works once the end user has obtained a legal digital copy of the work. The right ‘to prohibit’ end users from copying and distributing unauthorised copies is, therefore, largely meaningless unless a legal or other solution can be found to discourage end users from the unauthorised reproduction and distribution of unauthorised copies of the work. Currently, technological protection measures are used to manage such digital rights because legal permissions within the doctrine of fair dealing for works in printed (analogue) format are inadequate. It is, however, submitted that a legal solution to discourage end users from copying and distributing unauthorised copies rests on two pillars. Firstly, the solution must be embedded in state-of-the-art digital rights management systems and secondly the business model used by publishers, and academic publishers in particular, should change fundamentally from a business-to-consumer model to a business-to-business model.
Empirical evidence shows that the printing of e-content will continue to be relevant far into
the future. Therefore, the management of fair dealing to allow for the printing of digital
content will become increasingly important at educational institutions that use e-books as
prescribed course material. It is submitted that although the origination cost of print editions and e-books correspond, the relatively high retail price of e-books appears to be based on the fact that academic publishers of digital content do not have the legal or digital rights management tools to manage the challenges arising from the fair dealing doctrine. The observation that academic publishers are reluctant to grant collecting societies mandates to manage the distribution of digital content, and/or the right to manage the authorised reproduction (printing) of the digital content, supports this hypothesis.
Ultimately, with technologies at our disposal, the fair use of content in digital and print format can be achieved because it should simply be cheaper to comply with copyright laws than to make unauthorised digital or printed copies of content that our society desperately needs to make South Africa a winning nation. / Mercantile Law / LL. M.
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Contemporary perceptions of music piracy in South AfricaZulu, Thulani 19 January 2015 (has links)
MAAS / Department of Music
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Investigating the socio-economic impact of music piracy on the careers of gospel musicians :a case study of ThohoyandouMadzivhandila, Meisie 12 February 2016 (has links)
MAAS / Department of of Music
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Mapping South African internet user's opinions about the use of peer-to-peer file sharing technology to infringe on copyrighted films and/or television series contentBotes, Isabe 11 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was to investigate the various reasons consumers continue to infringe on copyrighted content, specifically in the South African context, even if the law forbids it. This investigation is two-fold since it also recognises that there are many individuals who do not infringe on copyrighted content even though they have access to peer-to-peer file sharing technology. This information could prove valuable since it can then be used to find comprehensive market-led solutions to the problem that targets the end-user. This study adopted a mixed method approach in order to cross validate findings and to reveal aspects of empirical reality. The target population for this study consisted of 100 adult South Africans who have access to the internet. Data was collected through an online, self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. The results show that there are variety of factors that influence respondents’ attitudes towards copyright infringement of films and/or television series through peer-to-peer file sharing technology, each of which is discussed in detail. The study concluded by identifying 24 factors that favourably influence people’s attitudes towards copyright infringement, including high prices of legitimate goods, historical inequality in South Africa, and perceived low risk of being caught and punished. Based on the conclusion above, the study recommends that policy makers such as government officials, boards of directors, managers, committees, and executives use the results of the study when making decisions and determining policies, especially in the South African context. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication Science)
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