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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Investigation of the origin of the coronary artery calcification process and its relationship to the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Koulaouzidis, George January 2013 (has links)
The objectives of this thesis are: a) To examine racial/ethnic differences in coronary artery calcification (CAC) and CAD, between symptomatic South Asians and Caucasians, matched for age, gender and conventional cardiovascular risk factors, b) To assess, using a meta-analysis model, the natural history of and stability of measurements of coronary artery calcium scoring (CACs) based on data collected from two large published trials: St Francis and EBEAT, c) To investigate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification in individuals with CT evidence for AVC, mitral valve calcification (MAC) or of both of them (AVC+MAC), d) To assess any potential association between premature CAD (<55 years in first-degree male relatives and <65 years in first-degree female relatives) and CAC in a large cohort of asymptomatic individuals. We found that coronary artery calcification is more extensive and diffuse in symptomatic patients of South Asian ethnic origin as compared to Caucasians, despite similar conventional risk factors for CAD. This is more evident in those >50 years of age, suggesting potential genetic or other risk factors yet to be determined. The natural history of coronary artery calcification was overtime progression in the majority of subjects, irrespective of gender. The higher variability in RCA measurements could be related to the low baseline CACs or exaggerated movement of the right side atrioventricular ring, whereas those for LCA brances are influenced by the branch allocation of the CACs. Valve calcification is not isolated but involve also and the coronary arteries. The presence of calcification in the aortic valve or combined aortic and mitral valves predicted coronary artery calcification. Additionally patients in whom both valves have become calcified tend to have severe coronary artery calcification. And finally, there is no relationship between the prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcification and the presence of family history of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic individuals with none of the conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis.
2

Escore de cálcio coronariano, índice tornozelobraquial e proteína C reativa em tabagistas pesados com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e com espirometria normal

Ferreira, Maria Angelica Pires January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO. Estudos de qualidade variável mostram maior prevalência de doença cardiovascular e de marcadores de aterosclerose em tabagistas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em relação a tabagistas sem a doença. OBJETIVOS. Verificar se escore de cálcio coronariano (ECC) elevado e anormalidade do índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) são mais prevalentes em tabagistas pesados com DPOC do que sem DPOC, e se proteína C reativa sérica (PCR) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo em relação ao previsto (VEF1%) se correlacionam com ECC e ITB em tabagistas com e sem DPOC. POPULAÇÃO E MÉTODOS. Foram incluídos indivíduos consecutivos com carga tabágica @ 20 maços-ano. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1 (com DPOC) e grupo 2 (assintomáticos respiratorios com espirometria normal). Coletaram-se dados clínicos, laboratoriais e antropométricos e determinados ECC, ITB e PCR sérica. Comparouse a prevalência de ECC acima do percentil 75 e de ITB anormal entre os grupos, e verificou-se a correlação entre PCR, ECC e ITB e entre VEF1%, ECC e ITB. / BACKGROUND. Studies of various quality levels show higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis markers in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to smokers without the disease. OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were, firstly, to verify whether an elevated coronary calcium score (CCS) and abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) are more prevalent in heavy smokers with COPD than in those without COPD, and secondly, to investigate whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) are correlated with CCS and ABI in smokers with and without COPD. METHODS. We included clinically stable consecutive individuals with smoking history of @ 20 pack-years and COPD (group 1) or normal spirometry (group 2). Clinical, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected and CCS, ABI and serum CRP were measured. We compared the prevalence of CCS above the 75th percentile and the rates of abnormal ABI in both groups. Additionally, the correlation between CRP, CCS and ABI and FEV1%, CCS, and ABI was determined.
3

Escore de cálcio coronariano, índice tornozelobraquial e proteína C reativa em tabagistas pesados com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e com espirometria normal

Ferreira, Maria Angelica Pires January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO. Estudos de qualidade variável mostram maior prevalência de doença cardiovascular e de marcadores de aterosclerose em tabagistas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em relação a tabagistas sem a doença. OBJETIVOS. Verificar se escore de cálcio coronariano (ECC) elevado e anormalidade do índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) são mais prevalentes em tabagistas pesados com DPOC do que sem DPOC, e se proteína C reativa sérica (PCR) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo em relação ao previsto (VEF1%) se correlacionam com ECC e ITB em tabagistas com e sem DPOC. POPULAÇÃO E MÉTODOS. Foram incluídos indivíduos consecutivos com carga tabágica @ 20 maços-ano. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1 (com DPOC) e grupo 2 (assintomáticos respiratorios com espirometria normal). Coletaram-se dados clínicos, laboratoriais e antropométricos e determinados ECC, ITB e PCR sérica. Comparouse a prevalência de ECC acima do percentil 75 e de ITB anormal entre os grupos, e verificou-se a correlação entre PCR, ECC e ITB e entre VEF1%, ECC e ITB. / BACKGROUND. Studies of various quality levels show higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis markers in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to smokers without the disease. OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were, firstly, to verify whether an elevated coronary calcium score (CCS) and abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) are more prevalent in heavy smokers with COPD than in those without COPD, and secondly, to investigate whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) are correlated with CCS and ABI in smokers with and without COPD. METHODS. We included clinically stable consecutive individuals with smoking history of @ 20 pack-years and COPD (group 1) or normal spirometry (group 2). Clinical, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected and CCS, ABI and serum CRP were measured. We compared the prevalence of CCS above the 75th percentile and the rates of abnormal ABI in both groups. Additionally, the correlation between CRP, CCS and ABI and FEV1%, CCS, and ABI was determined.
4

Escore de cálcio coronariano, índice tornozelobraquial e proteína C reativa em tabagistas pesados com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e com espirometria normal

Ferreira, Maria Angelica Pires January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO. Estudos de qualidade variável mostram maior prevalência de doença cardiovascular e de marcadores de aterosclerose em tabagistas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em relação a tabagistas sem a doença. OBJETIVOS. Verificar se escore de cálcio coronariano (ECC) elevado e anormalidade do índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) são mais prevalentes em tabagistas pesados com DPOC do que sem DPOC, e se proteína C reativa sérica (PCR) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo em relação ao previsto (VEF1%) se correlacionam com ECC e ITB em tabagistas com e sem DPOC. POPULAÇÃO E MÉTODOS. Foram incluídos indivíduos consecutivos com carga tabágica @ 20 maços-ano. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1 (com DPOC) e grupo 2 (assintomáticos respiratorios com espirometria normal). Coletaram-se dados clínicos, laboratoriais e antropométricos e determinados ECC, ITB e PCR sérica. Comparouse a prevalência de ECC acima do percentil 75 e de ITB anormal entre os grupos, e verificou-se a correlação entre PCR, ECC e ITB e entre VEF1%, ECC e ITB. / BACKGROUND. Studies of various quality levels show higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis markers in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to smokers without the disease. OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were, firstly, to verify whether an elevated coronary calcium score (CCS) and abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) are more prevalent in heavy smokers with COPD than in those without COPD, and secondly, to investigate whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) are correlated with CCS and ABI in smokers with and without COPD. METHODS. We included clinically stable consecutive individuals with smoking history of @ 20 pack-years and COPD (group 1) or normal spirometry (group 2). Clinical, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected and CCS, ABI and serum CRP were measured. We compared the prevalence of CCS above the 75th percentile and the rates of abnormal ABI in both groups. Additionally, the correlation between CRP, CCS and ABI and FEV1%, CCS, and ABI was determined.
5

Relação da lipemia pós prandial com aterosclerose avaliada pela angiotomografia coronária / Association between postprandial triglycerides and coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed aomography angiography

Staniak, Henrique Lane 21 January 2014 (has links)
Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado a associação de doença arterial coronária (DAC) grave com triglicérides (TG) pós prandial. No entanto, a relação entre a aterosclerose leve a moderada e TG pós prandial não está bem estabelecida. No presente estudo avaliamos a relação entre TG pós prandial e DAC detectada por angiografia coronária por tomografia computadorizada (TC cor). Material e Métodos: Foram incluídos 130 pacientes (85 com DAC detectado pelo TC cor coronária e 45 sem DAC), submetidos a um teste de tolerância oral de gordura. Estudamos a lipemia pós prandial medindo TG de T0h para T6H com intervalos de duas horas, e analisamos a mudança TG ao longo do tempo através de um modelo linear misto multivariável longitudinal, utilizando como desfecho primário o log normal do TG. Resultados: Os pacientes com DAC eram mais velhos (56,5 ± 6,8 vs. 50,4 ± 7,1 anos, p < 0,001), predominantemente do sexo masculino (68,2% vs. 37,8%, p < 0,001) e com HDL-colesterol (HDL-C) menor (49 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 12 mg / dl, p = 0,015). A maioria dos indivíduos com DAC tinha aterosclerose leve com doença não obstrutiva (63,5%). Pacientes com DAC tiveram uma depuração mais lenta TG pós prandial de 4h a 6h (p < 0,05) em comparação com pacientes sem DAC. Estes resultados permanecerem significativos mesmo após ajuste para o TG de jejum, idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal e glicemia de jejum. No entanto, essas diferenças não foram significativas após o ajuste para o HDL-C de jejum. Conclusão: Os pacientes com DAC leve e moderada detectados pelo TC cor demonstraram alteração do metabolismo de TG pós prandial, com remoção mais lenta de TG, especialmente entre 4h e 6h quando comparados a indivíduos sem DAC. Esta diferença foi explicada em parte pelo menor HDL-C de jejum no grupo com DAC. Assim, embora TG pós prandial possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de DAC, esta associação é parcialmente relacionada com a menor concentração de HDL-C em indivíduos com DAC / Background: Studies have demonstrated the association of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) with postprandial triglycerides (TG). Nevertheless the relationship between less severe atherosclerosis and postprandial triglycerides is less established. Objective: to study the relationship between postprandial TG and CAD detected by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Material and Methods: We enrolled 130 patients, (85 with CAD detected by coronary CTA and 45 without); who underwent an oral fat tolerance test. We studied the postprandial lipemia measuring TG from T0h to T6h with 2 hour intervals, and analyzed the TG change over time using a longitudinal multivariable linear mixed effects model with the log normal of the TG as the primary outcome.Results: Patients with CAD were older (56.5 ± 6.8 vs. 50.4 ± 7.1 years, p < 0.001), predominantly male (68.2% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001) and had lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (49 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 12 mg/dL, p=0.015). The majority of individuals with CAD had mild atherosclerosis with non-obstructive disease (63.6%). Patients with CAD had a slower clearance of postprandial TG change from 4h to 6h (p < 0.05) compared to patients without CAD. These results remained significant after adjustment for fasting TG, age, gender, body mass index and glucose. However, those differences did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for fasting HDL-C. Conclusion: Patients with mild and moderate CAD detected by coronary CTA had an impaired postprandial metabolism, with a delayed TG clearance, when compared to individuals with no CAD. This difference was partially explained by the lower HDL-C. Thus, though postprandial TG may contribute to the development of CAD, this association is partially related to the low HDL-C in individuals with CAD
6

Relação da lipemia pós prandial com aterosclerose avaliada pela angiotomografia coronária / Association between postprandial triglycerides and coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed aomography angiography

Henrique Lane Staniak 21 January 2014 (has links)
Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado a associação de doença arterial coronária (DAC) grave com triglicérides (TG) pós prandial. No entanto, a relação entre a aterosclerose leve a moderada e TG pós prandial não está bem estabelecida. No presente estudo avaliamos a relação entre TG pós prandial e DAC detectada por angiografia coronária por tomografia computadorizada (TC cor). Material e Métodos: Foram incluídos 130 pacientes (85 com DAC detectado pelo TC cor coronária e 45 sem DAC), submetidos a um teste de tolerância oral de gordura. Estudamos a lipemia pós prandial medindo TG de T0h para T6H com intervalos de duas horas, e analisamos a mudança TG ao longo do tempo através de um modelo linear misto multivariável longitudinal, utilizando como desfecho primário o log normal do TG. Resultados: Os pacientes com DAC eram mais velhos (56,5 ± 6,8 vs. 50,4 ± 7,1 anos, p < 0,001), predominantemente do sexo masculino (68,2% vs. 37,8%, p < 0,001) e com HDL-colesterol (HDL-C) menor (49 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 12 mg / dl, p = 0,015). A maioria dos indivíduos com DAC tinha aterosclerose leve com doença não obstrutiva (63,5%). Pacientes com DAC tiveram uma depuração mais lenta TG pós prandial de 4h a 6h (p < 0,05) em comparação com pacientes sem DAC. Estes resultados permanecerem significativos mesmo após ajuste para o TG de jejum, idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal e glicemia de jejum. No entanto, essas diferenças não foram significativas após o ajuste para o HDL-C de jejum. Conclusão: Os pacientes com DAC leve e moderada detectados pelo TC cor demonstraram alteração do metabolismo de TG pós prandial, com remoção mais lenta de TG, especialmente entre 4h e 6h quando comparados a indivíduos sem DAC. Esta diferença foi explicada em parte pelo menor HDL-C de jejum no grupo com DAC. Assim, embora TG pós prandial possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de DAC, esta associação é parcialmente relacionada com a menor concentração de HDL-C em indivíduos com DAC / Background: Studies have demonstrated the association of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) with postprandial triglycerides (TG). Nevertheless the relationship between less severe atherosclerosis and postprandial triglycerides is less established. Objective: to study the relationship between postprandial TG and CAD detected by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Material and Methods: We enrolled 130 patients, (85 with CAD detected by coronary CTA and 45 without); who underwent an oral fat tolerance test. We studied the postprandial lipemia measuring TG from T0h to T6h with 2 hour intervals, and analyzed the TG change over time using a longitudinal multivariable linear mixed effects model with the log normal of the TG as the primary outcome.Results: Patients with CAD were older (56.5 ± 6.8 vs. 50.4 ± 7.1 years, p < 0.001), predominantly male (68.2% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001) and had lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (49 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 12 mg/dL, p=0.015). The majority of individuals with CAD had mild atherosclerosis with non-obstructive disease (63.6%). Patients with CAD had a slower clearance of postprandial TG change from 4h to 6h (p < 0.05) compared to patients without CAD. These results remained significant after adjustment for fasting TG, age, gender, body mass index and glucose. However, those differences did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for fasting HDL-C. Conclusion: Patients with mild and moderate CAD detected by coronary CTA had an impaired postprandial metabolism, with a delayed TG clearance, when compared to individuals with no CAD. This difference was partially explained by the lower HDL-C. Thus, though postprandial TG may contribute to the development of CAD, this association is partially related to the low HDL-C in individuals with CAD

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