<p> This research paper allows a comparison of attitudes towards two types of residential group homes in three cities. The main objective of the study is to examine variation in attitudes among the three cities, Toronto~ Ottawa and London. The second objective is to determine whether attitudes differ by type of facility, the mental health facility which serves psychiatric patients and the correctional facility which serves criminal offenders. Information for the study was obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the Canadian Training Institute (CTI) in 1983. Respondents were asked to indicate their attitudes towards the mental health and correctional facility in terms of their impacts on the neighbourhood and their desirability at different distances to home. Sample characteristics of the three cities were evaluated to test the effects of demographic variables on attitudes. The results show that attitudes vary by city with the London sample expressing the most supportive attitude and the Ottawa sample, the least supportive. The level of opposition to the correctional facility is much greater for all facility impacts, distance locations and for each of the three city samples, Toronto, Ottawa and London. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

This paper analyzes and compares the effectiveness of the correctional systems in the United States of America and Europe, with some emphasis on Scandinavia. To make the comparison, I looked at previous research on the correctional systems in the United States and Europe. I reviewed articles from PsycInfo EBSCO Host and Google Scholar. The main points of comparison used are recidivism rates and rehabilitation services offered by the prisons in different countries. The results of this comparison show that countries that offer better rehabilitation services in the prison system, like Scandinavian countries, have lower recidivism rates than the United States, where the focus is on punishment rather than rehabilitation. Research has been done before on countries individually, but there is not enough research comparing correctional systems among nations. The purpose of this paper was to expand the available literature comparing these different correctional systems.

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Correctional populations account for about 2% of persons in the United States, who have a unique right to health care guaranteed by the Constitution per court decisions. However, the quality and breadth of this care is not standardized, and incarceration itself creates risk factors for one’s health. A review of the literature was done to evaluate the health and access to care of prison populations. Prison populations are largely minorities from poor neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status who usually have limited engagement with health services prior to incarceration; there is a large amount of morbidity of chronic diseases in prisons, and prisoners are at increased risk for communicable diseases, substance abuse and mental illness. Former inmates are also at increased risk of death following release. While advances such as telemedicine help to bridge the gaps in correctional health, more research needs to be done to assess the needs of this population, and more education and linkage to care should be accomplished to do right by these populations and ensure they get the care they need. This will in turn lead to better health outcomes in this population and may have a beneficial effect on the communities from which these prisoners come. / Urban Bioethics

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A review of the literature indicated that critical skills needed by educators to work with adjudicated youth in correctional settings had not been sufficiently identified or analyzed. Research efforts using survey instruments appeared to offer a method for gathering data in order to develop and study a comprehensive list of critical skills of correctional educators. A survey instrument was developed in bifurcate format that required respondents to rate 135 skill items according to Importance and Proficiency. Two parallel Likert-type scales were provided so that respondents could rate items according to their perceptions of Importance and Proficiency, The instrument was mailed to three groups consisting of educators in youth correctional facilities, state level administrators of youth corrections, and college/university faculty in correctional education preservice teacher preparation programs. A total of 366 surveys were mailed with 183 (50%) returned. Four hypotheses and eight corollaries were developed. Data were analyzed using MANOVA to test for significant differences among all groups and within subjects for one group (correctional educators). The findings did not support the hypotheses or corollaries. Therefore, all hypotheses and corollaries were rejected. However, ANOVA and Chi-Square procedures revealed significant differences among groups and within Group 1, correctional educators. The findings suggested that educators tended to differ from state level administrators in regard to Importance and Proficiency for certain skill items. Differences were also found within the correctional educator group nationwide and across regions for certain skill items. Recommendations for correctional education preservice programs and state level inservice training programs were developed that may have importance for the education of adjudicated youth. Recommendations included an emphasis upon federal legislative guidelines for education of incarcerated youth, development of educator's skills in communication and interaction with facility administrators, parents, and local community agencies, and inclusion of vocational/career development and transitional programs in correctional settings. Additional specific recommendations were given relevant to future research with correctional educator competencies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-163). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

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