La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l’extraction des corrections de l’échelle en énergie des jets dans l’expérience CMS du LHC. Les diverses méthodes d’extraction sont détaillées, en insistant tout particulièrement sur l’utilisation des événements photon + jets. Les corrections ainsi extraites sont primordiales pour les analyses de physique utilisant des jets, et sont d’ores et déjà utilisées par toute la collaboration.La deuxième partie présente la recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard dans le secteur du quark top. De nombreux modèles de nouvelle physique prédisent en effet de nouvelles particules, pouvant se manifester comme des résonances dans le spectre de masse top-antitop. Deux analyses sont présentées dans cette thèse, une dédiée à la recherche des résonances de spin 1 et une dédiée à la recherche de résonances de spin 0, où les phénomènes d’interférences avec le Modèle Standard sont pris en compte / The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the extraction of jet energy scale corrections for the CMS experiment at the LHC. Various extraction methods are described, with a particular interest on corrections extraction using photon + jets events. These corrections are necessary for all analyses using jets and are already used by the whole collaboration. The second part presents the searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Many models of new physics predict new particles with enhanced coupling to the top quark, which can show up as resonances in the top-antitop invariant mass spectrum. Two separate analyses are described in this thesis, one dedicated to the search of spin 1 resonances and one dedicated to the search of spin 0 resonances, where interference effects with the Standard Model production are taken into account

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of a military style counseling and vocational program in reducing recidivism.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the Unit Management into the South African Correctional Centres of Excellence. The focal point is based on the case management, multi-disciplinary approach, monitoring, and human rights of offenders. Unit Management was adopted into South African correctional system in 1995 under the leadership of the former Minister of Correctional Services Dr Sipho Mzimela. Unit Management was firstly practiced at Goodwood Correctional Centre of Excellence in the Western Cape. The concept of Unit Management was viewed as a strategic change by the Department in ensuring the core business of the Department and the rehabilitation of offenders. In an effort to examine the application of Unit Management into the Correctional Centres of Excellence and how Unit Management influences the rehabilitation of sentenced offenders, a study was conducted to acquire knowledge and perspective from the available literature. In ensuring good and proper work, the researcher employed a qualitative methodology. The researcher collected data by means of structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS system for statistical reasons. Frequency tables were used to simplify the analysis per section and category. The findings from this study revealed that there is no monitoring of Unit Management taking place into the Correctional Centres of Excellence from management, there is no management involvement. It also revealed that the human rights of offenders are not respected during the implementation of Unit Management. The findings revealed that multi-disciplinary approach is dysfunctional owing to lack of professional staff. The findings also indicate that efforts to implement Unit Management into the Correctional Centres of Excellence are a failure owing to the abovementioned factors. / Corrections Management / M.A. (Penology)

Das Top-Quark ist das schwerste bekannte Elementarteilchen. Im Standardmodell (SM) der Elementarteilchenphysik ist die Erzeugung in Paaren durch die starke Wechselwirkung der dominante Beitrag zu seiner Produktion. Top-Quarks können durch die schwache Wechselwirkung ebenfalls einzeln produziert werden. Die Einzelproduktion ist trotz ihres schwierigen experimentellen Nachweises wegen ihrer Komplementarität zur Paarproduktion interessant. So sind einzeln produzierte Top-Quarks stark polarisiert. Diese Polarisation führt wegen des Zerfalls von Top-Quarks vor ihrer Hadronisierung zu experimentell zugänglichen Auswirkungen auf die Zerfallsprodukte. Weiterhin erlaubt die Beteiligung von Bottom-Quarks im Anfangszustand die Untersuchung der zugehörigen Partonverteilungsfunktion. In dieser Arbeit werden für phänomenologische Vorhersagen Wirkungsquerschnitte für die Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks oder Top-Antiquarks in Assoziation mit zwei Jets im SM berechnet. Dabei werden die Korrekturen in der nächstführenden Ordnung der Quantenchromodynamik (QCD) berücksichtigt. Diese Korrekturen bilden den wichtigsten Beitrag jenseits der führenden Ordnung zur Verbesserung der theoretischen Vorhersage. Präzise theoretische Vorhersagen für Wirkungsquerschnitte sind für die Suche nach Physik jenseits des SM mit dem Large Hadron Collider am CERN unerlässlich. Im Unterschied zu den im Jahr 2002 veröffentlichten Korrekturen in der QCD zur Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks wurde ein zusätzliches Teilchen im Endzustand berücksichtigt. Als Folge treten neue partonische Anfangszustände und Beiträge mit Farbaustausch zwischen den Quark-Linien auf. Da Top-Quarks nach kurzer Zeit in ein W-Boson und ein Bottom-Quark zerfallen, muss zugleich eine konsistente Abgrenzung von der Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks in Assoziation mit einem W-Boson und von der Paarproduktion vorgenommen werden. / The top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle. In the standard model (SM) of elementary particle physics it is produced predominantly in pairs by the strong interaction. The weak interaction enables the production of single top-quarks as well. Despite its difficult experimental signature, the production of single top-quarks is interesting as it is complementary to the production of pairs. For instance single top-quarks are highly polarized. As top quarks decay before they hadronize, the polarization affects the decay products of the top quark in an experimentally accessible way. Furthermore, the participation of bottom-quarks in the initial state allows a study of the corresponding parton distribution functions. This thesis makes phenomenological predictions for the SM by calculating cross sections for the production of single top-quarks in association with two jets. Next-to-leading order corrections in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are taken into account. These corrections are the most important contribution for precise predictions beyond the leading order calculation. Precise theoretical predictions for cross sections are mandatory for the search for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. In contrast to the QCD corrections for the production of single top-quarks published in 2002 an additional particle in the final state was taken into account. As a consequence, new partonic initial states and contributions with exchange of color charge between the quark lines occur. As top quarks decay rapidly into a W boson and a bottom quark, a consistent separation from the production of top quark pairs and from the production of single top-quarks in association with a W boson must be ensured.

In this thesis, techniques for testing aircraft models in ground effect in a low speed wind tunnel are investigated. Although these types of tests have been done before, the current study is unique in that forces are measured with an overhead balance instead of an internal balance. This has the advantage that the types of models that are difficult to mount on a sting with an internal balance, can often be mounted with a strut protruding from the top of the model. Positioning a sting-mounted model close to the ground at a high angle-of-attack is also usually difficult if not impossible. Finally, drag measurements are often more accurate when measured with an overhead balance rather than with an internal sting-type balance. The disadvantages associated with this method of testing are identified and solutions suggested. These include accurate moment transfers and correcting for support tares and interference. The thesis also investigates general procedures associated with ground effect testing such as proper boundary corrections and the necessity of a rolling floor. A simplified preliminary test series was performed in order to identify shortcomings in the existing equipment and procedures. This series is explained in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 and 5 describe changes made to the existing equipment following this test series. These include a novel telescopic fairing to shroud the mounting strut and an internal pitching mechanism. The correction techniques and general theory are summarised in Chapter 3. The author concludes in Chapter 6 that with the application of the techniques described in this thesis, the test engineer should be able to obtain accurate and reliable data from most aircraft configurations. Additional suggestions for testing models in ground effect are also given in this chapter. Finally, a few shortcomings that still need to be investigated are mentioned at the end of Chapter 6. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek tegnieke om vliegtuigmodelle in grondeffek in 'n laespoed-windtonnel te toets. Alhoewel hierdie tipe van toetse al voorheen gedoen is, is die huidige studie uniek deurdat 'n oorhoofse balans eerder as 'n interne balans gebruik word. Die voordeel hiervan is dat modelle wat moeilik op 'n naald- of "sting"-balans monteer kan word, baie keer makliker monteer kan word met 'n stang wat deur die bokant van die model steek. Posisioneering van 'n naald-gemonteerde model naby aan die vloer van die tonnel by hoe invalshoeke is gewoonlik ook baie moeilik indien nie onmoontlik nie. Laastens is sleurkrag-metings wat met 'n oorhoofse balans gemeet is gewoonlik meer akkuraat as sleurkrag-metings wat met 'n interne naald-tipe balans gedoen is. Die nadele wat met hierdie toetsmetode geassosieer kan word, word geïdentifiseer en moontlike oplossing word voorgestel. Hierdie sluit die berekening in van akkurate moment-transformasies en monteersleureffekte en -steurings. Die verhandeling ondersoek ook algemene prosedures wat met grondeffektoetse geassosieer kan word, byvoorbeeld akkurate wandkorreksies en die nodigheid van die rolvloer. 'n Vereenvoudigde vooraf-toetsreeks was uitgevoer om moontlike tekortkominge in die bestaande toerusting en prosedures te identifiseer. Hierdie toetsreeks word in Hoofstuk 2 bespreek. Hoofstuk 4 en 5 verduidelik die veranderinge wat aan die bestaande toerusting gemaak is na aanleidng van hierdie toetsreeks. Hierdie veranderinge sluit 'n teleskopiese windskerm in om die monteerstang te isoleer van die wind, sowel as 'n interne heimeganisme om die invalshoek van die model te verstel. Die korreksieprosedures en algemene teorie word in Hoofstuk 3 opgesom. Die outeur se gevolgtekking in Hoofstuk 6 stel dat die toetsingenieur, met behulp van die gebruik van die tegnieke in hierdie verhandeling beskryf, in staat behoort te wees om betroubare metings te kan neem van meeste vliegtuigkonfigurasies. Verdere voorstelle vir die toets van modelle in grondeffek word ook in hierdie hoofstuk gemaak. Uiteindelik word 'n paar tekortkominge genoem wat moontlik in 'n toekomstige studie ondersoek kan word. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 1999. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

Le modèle de boucles diluées \(A_2^{(2)}\) est étudié pour la géométrie d'un ruban de taille \(N\). Deux familles de conditions frontières sont connues pour satisfaire l’équation de Yang-Baxter à la frontière. Fixer ces conditions aux deux bouts du ruban donne un total de quatre modèles. Pour chaque modèle, les matrices de transfert, qui commutent entre elles, sont connues. Dans ce mémoire, la hiérarchie de fusion des matrices de transfert et les systèmes T et Y sont construits pour chaque modèle et pour un paramètre de croisement \(\lambda\) générique. Pour \(\lambda/\pi\) rationnel, il est prouvé qu'il existe une relation linéaire entre les matrices fusionnées qui ferme la hiérarchie de fusion en un système fini. Les relations de fusion et de fermeture permettent de calculer les premiers termes d'une expansion de l'énergie libre lorsque \(N\) est grand. Ces premiers termes correspondent à l'énergie libre de bulk et de bord. Les résultats analytiques sont en accord avec des résultats numériques obtenus pour de petits \(N\). Ce mémoire complète une étude des modèles \(A_2^{(2)}\) avec des conditions frontières périodiques (A. Morin-Duchesne, P.A. Pearce, J. Stat. Mech. (2019)). / We study the dilute \(A_2^{(2)}\) loop models on the geometry of a strip of width \(N\). Two families of boundary conditions are known to satisfy the boundary Yang-Baxter equation. Fixing the boundary condition on the two ends of the strip leads to four models. We construct the fusion hierarchy of commuting transfer matrices for the model as well as its T- and Y-systems, for these four boundary conditions and with a generic crossing parameter \(\lambda\). For \(\lambda/\pi\) rational we prove a linear relation satisfied by the fused transfer matrices that closes the fusion hierarchy into a finite system. The fusion relations allow us to compute the two leading terms in the large-\(N\) expansion of the free energy, namely the bulk and boundary free energies. These are found to be in agreement with numerical data obtained for small \(N\). The present work complements a previous study (A. Morin-Duchesne, P.A. Pearce, J. Stat. Mech. (2019)) that investigated the dilute \(A_2^{(2)}\) loop models with periodic boundary conditions.

The Bouguer correction using a mean sea level reduction datum compensates the gravitational effect of the mass of the terrain above sea level. This correction generally results in long -wavelength Bouguer gravity anomalies if the mass of the terrain is isostatically compensated. These anomalies correlate with regional elevations, especially in areas with significant regional variations in elevation, such as western North America. The adverse effect of this correlation is that other anomalies of potential interest in a tectonic or geologic analysis may be overshadowed. To circumvent this problem in an analysis of gravity in Arizona, a residual Bouguer gravity anomaly map has been constructed for the state in which a trend surface of the elevation is used as the reduction datum in the Bouguer correction. Elevation values from topographic maps and not gravity station elevations have been used to prepare the regional elevation datum because station elevations do not adequately sample the range in elevations. Small- and large-wavelength residual Bouguer gravity anomalies and trends of anomalies are brought out more clearly by the residual Bouguer gravity anomaly map than by previous gravity maps. The most prominent features in the residual anomalies are a strong gravity gradient 50 km wide striking west -northwest across southern Arizona and a large wavelength residual Bouguer gravity anomaly low in the Coconino Plateau of northwest Arizona . The long-wavelength residual Bouguer gravity anomalies reflect lateral density variations in the crust and mantle that may be related to lateral temperature variations.

When the target of a reaching movement is displaced suddenly, people update their movement to take account of the jump, correcting their trajectory online to end the movement at the new target location. These corrections are initiated too rapidly to be conscious, and occur when they are uninstructed (Pisella et al., 2000) or the participant is unaware of the change in location (Goodale et al., 1986). These findings have been taken as evidence that fast corrections occur automatically, and the spatial updating of reach trajectories has become known as the ‘automatic pilot’ (Pisella et al., 2000). This thesis set out to investigate the cognitive, attentional and neurological aspects of the automatic pilot, in three series of related experiments, all employing a double-step reaching task. Experiments 1 - 4 investigated how strongly automatic reach corrections are, by manipulating the influence of conscious intention and cognitive load. These experiments confirmed that the automatic pilot is at most weakly automatic, as correction efficiency is enhanced by an explicit instruction to follow target jumps and, conversely, corrections can be overridden by an intention to resist them. However, voluntary inhibition of the automatic pilot can be disrupted by placing participants under heavy cognitive load, whilst voluntary enhancement is unaffected by this manipulation. Thus, voluntary suppression of the automatic pilot is effortful, but enhancement towards greater responsiveness is seemingly effortless. Experiments 5 - 8 explored the properties of the visual target displacement that drive the automatic pilot response in a double-step reaching task. These experiments demonstrate that correction efficiency is lawfully related to jump salience, but that the onset of the new target location drives correction responses more powerfully than the offset of the original target. However, the maximal correction rates obtained from a simultaneous onset and offset, were too great to be attributed simply to the additive influences of onsets and offsets. The onset and offset components of the target jump are thus synergistic. It is suggested that this reflects the contribution of an apparent motion signal induced by simultaneous onset and offsets, which strongly drives the automatic pilot system. Experiment 9 examined an asymmetry in correction efficiency, favouring rightward over leftward target jumps, evident throughout the earlier experiments. Correction efficiency was assessed for right- and left-handed participants responding to rightward and leftward target jumps. The pattern of results indicated that each hand is advantaged for responding to ipsilaterallydirected jumps, which may reflect biomechanical or hemispheric compatibility effects. However, there was also an overall differential advantage for rightward jumps, which was independent of handedness, or hand used. This suggests a left-hemispheric advantage for automatic correction behaviour, independent of handedness. Finally, Experiments 10 - 14 considered whether the automatic pilot deficit in optic ataxia is simply a manifestation of the more general misreaching deficit. Across several different target conditions, the pattern of online correction in optic ataxia refuted a simple misreaching explanation, suggesting that it is a specific functional consequence of dorsal stream damage.

Plusieurs champs de recherche ont été combinés - mettant en évidence l'utilité de l'analyse cinématique, non seulement afin d'évaluer le comportement moteur, mais aussi afin de contribuer à la compréhension de la récupération motrice post-AVC. Au travers d'analyses cinématiques, les mouvements du membre supérieur hémiplégique ont été décomposés dans le temps et l'espace, afin d'en extraire l'échelle et les composantes structurelles. Cette décomposition systématique, d'abord connue pour son bien-fondé clinique, nous a permis d'identifier les marqueurs les plus pertinents du contrôle du membre supérieur parétique : i.e., la fluidité, la rectitude et la vitesse. Subséquemment, il a été démontré que i) les changements cinématiques se stabilisent au cours de la phase de rééducation, indiquant potentiellement la nécessité de modifier la stratégie thérapeutique; ii) les patient post-AVC sont capables de percevoir la fluidité du mouvement en réalité virtuelle, cette perception étant meilleure lorsque le feedback visuel ne concerne que le point du travail du membre; iii) l'espace de travail post-AVC n'est pas isotrope pour un patient hémiplégique; iv) chez les patients post-AVC, le niveau de ‘bruit neuromoteur' est augmenté; et v) la cinématique reflète la conséquence des stratégies d'adaptation à l'augmentation du bruit, ces stratégies étant basées sur un compromis entre des modes de contrôle d'erreur en feedforward et en feedback des actions motrices. Ainsi, il peut être conclut que la décomposition du mouvement dans le temps et l'espace est un moyen simple et efficace d'appréhender contrôle moteur chez l'Homme en situation normale et âpres AVC. L'enjeu est maintenant d'implémenter ces méthodes d'analyse cinématique dans les protocoles de rééducation post-AVC quotidienne afin de développer de larges bases de données permettant, à l'aide de méthodes de modélisation, de définir des profils de récupération et ainsi personnaliser de façon optimale la rééducation à chaque patient particulier. / Multiple research fields were combined – highlighting the value of kinematic analysis, not only to evaluate motor behaviour, but also to contribute to the understanding of motor recovery post-stroke. By means of kinematics, hemiplegic upper-limb movements were unfolded in time and space, to extract the scaling and structural components of the movement. This systematic decomposition, first proven to have clinical relevance, allowed us to identify the most pertinent markers of paretic upper-limb control: i.e. smoothness, directness and velocity. Subsequently it was shown that i) change in kinematics levels off over rehabilitation, possibly indicating that treatment may profit from change; ii) people post-stroke are able to perceive movement fluency in virtual realities, whereby simple end-point displays facilitate perception; iii) the workspace post-stroke is heterogeneous; iv) stroke patients have increased levels of neuromotor noise; and v) kinematics reflect the outcome of adaptation strategies to the increased noise in relation to the automaticity of error-corrections on the trade-off between feedforward and feedback based motor control. It may thus be concluded that unfolding the movement in space and time, is a simple and powerful way to define human motor control. The challenge is to implement kinematic analysis in daily post-stroke practice to develop a large database enabling the definition of recovery profiles contributing to provide each individual patient with the right therapy at the right time.