The aim of this master’s thesis is to find an optimal solution of intradepartmental accounting system in the selected firm. The solution is based on analysis of theoretical methods and present conditions in the company. It focuses on problems of allocation of indirect costs and implementation of variable costing method. The proposed solution should be able to supports better decision making in sales and evaluation of production rate of the whole firm.

El presente trabajo de tesis ha sido desarrollado para dar en evidencia la influencia de los costos en la fijación de precios para la toma de decisiones gerenciales en el sector manufactura de Lima, Perú. La hipótesis de investigación es: El sistema de costeo ABC influye positivamente en la fijación de precios de productos para la toma de decisiones gerenciales en el sector manufactura de Lima, Perú. La investigación es de tipo investigación mixta, en la cual se realizó las entrevistas de profundidad, encuestas y caso práctico en la empresa Pulpeado SAC, identificando la variable independiente al Sistema de Costeo ABC y las variables dependientes fijación de precios y toma de decisiones gerenciales. En conclusión, del presente trabajo podemos afirmar que existe una influencia positiva del Sistema de costeo ABC en la fijación de precios de productos para la toma de decisiones gerenciales. Nuestra recomendación es implementar el Sistema de costeo ABC para conocer los costos de los productos con una mayor precisión e identificar las actividades que generan valor, lo cual otorgar una ventaja a las empresas en el proceso de fijación de precios para la toma de decisiones gerenciales. / This thesis work has been developed to show the influence of the costs in the pricing for management decision making in the manufacturing sector of Lima, Peru. The research hypothesis is: The ABC costing system positively influences the pricing of products for management decision making in the manufacturing sector of Lima, Peru. The investigation is of mixed research type, in which the depth interview, survey and practical case was carried out in the company Pulpeado S.A.C., identifying the independent variable to the ABC Costing System and the dependent variables the pricing and management decision making. In conclusion, from this work we can affirm that there is a positive influence of the ABC Costing System in the pricing of products for management decision making. Our recommendation is to implement the ABC Costing System to know the costs of the products with a greater degree of precision and identify the activities that generate value, which gives an advantage to companies in the process of pricing for decision making management. / Tesis

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-15T13:57:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Inácio Schneider_.pdf: 4040183 bytes, checksum: ea801855045958b3aaeb6144d9e309bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T13:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Inácio Schneider_.pdf: 4040183 bytes, checksum: ea801855045958b3aaeb6144d9e309bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo apresenta e relaciona diferentes sistemas de custeio observados nas empresas pesquisadas que utilizam o rateio de custos e despesas indiretas de forma linear e, normalmente, sem considerar a realidade de cada produto e do próprio mercado. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral foi analisar os resultados da aplicação do Sistema de Custeio no Preço de Venda (SCPV), com o uso de uma matriz de custos que considera a distribuição de custos indiretos e despesas fixas, em sete pequenas e médias empresas industriais, através de um referencial de rateio que parametrize a venda média mensal pelo valor de mercado de cada produto. Objetiva também contextualizar e disponibilizar uma estrutura de custos num formato semelhante ao Demonstrativo do Resultado do Exercício (DRE), tendo como principal fonte de informação os dados contábeis e os controles financeiros da empresa, simplificando a operação e se descolando da realidade burocrática, observada na maioria das empresas, e que dificulta sobremaneira a apuração de custos e o correto estabelecimento do preço de venda. O estudo contempla os resultados da pesquisa-ação aplicada no método dedutivo e exploratório com a coleta de dados bibliográficos e documentais, através da análise quantitativa e qualitativa. A pesquisa foi aplicada em sete pequenas e médias empresas industriais da Região Metropolitana da Serra Gaúcha, com diferentes atividades e localizadas nos três municípios de maior expressão econômica da região pesquisada. Estabeleceram-se três itens de maior representatividade nas receitas operacionais para a apuração de custos e análise de resultados. Os resultados apurados e analisados permitem concluir que os objetivos do presente estudo foram plenamente atingidos. Foi consolidado o sistema de custeio no preço de venda (SCPV) e o referencial de rateio na distribuição de custos e despesas indiretas, através de uma matriz de custos que obedece a lógica e a estrutura do DRE, reforçando a ideia que custos é uma matéria de natureza contábil e financeira e que o preço de venda deve seguir a lógica do mercado. / This study presents and compares different costing systems observed in the surveyed companies that use the apportionment of indirect costs and indirect expenses in a linear manner and usually without considering the reality of each product and the market itself. In this context, the overall objective was to analyze the results of the implementation of the Costing System in Sales Price (CSSP), using a costs matrix that considers the distribution of indirect costs and fixed expenses in small and medium-sized industrial enterprises through an apportionment reference that parameterizes the average monthly sales at market value of each product. This study also contextualizes and provides a cost structure in a format similar to the Income Statement (IS), using as main source of information the accounting data and financial controls of the companies, simplifying the operation and separating from the bureaucratic reality, which is observed in most companies and complicates the measurement of the costs and the correct establishment of sales price. The study includes the results of active research applied to the deductive and exploratory method with the gathering of bibliographic and documentary data through quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study was developed and based on information from seven small and medium industrial enterprises in the metropolitan region of Serra Gaucha, which are involved with different activities and are located in three municipalities of greater economic importance of the area. Three items considered to be most representative in operating income for the calculation of costs and results analysis were established. The obtained and analyzed results allow us to conclude that the objectives of this study were fully achieved, It was consolidated the Costing System in Sales Price (CSSP) with the reference apportionment for the distribution of indirect costs and expenses, through a cost matrix that follows the logic and structure of the DRE. Reinforcing the idea that cost is a matter of accounting and financial nature and that the sale price should follow the logic of the market.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the costing system of the selected agricultural enterprise. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical section deals with the explanation of basic concepts: accounting subsystems, costs and costing. In the practical part the analysis of company costing system is implemented, final costing is compared with preliminary costing and compounded production costing is created. The biggest differences are shown in rye costs per hectare and in colza costs per quintal. After considering all advantages and disadvantages, the most appropriate method for the compounded production costing, is the split-off method. In addition to that, the thesis deals with the characteristics of the company, its economic situation and its organizational structure and describes the company accounting system.

Este estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade de implantação de sistemas de custeio na Rede Hospitalar Federal no Rio de Janeiro, investigando a existência de sistemas de custeio implantados, e, em caso positivo, quais os métodos de custeio utilizados, o perfil das unidades e dos gestores, bem como suas experiências em utilização de sistemas de custeio e suas percepções sobre a questão da implantação de sistemas desta natureza nas unidades analisadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, qualitativo. Empregou-se como instrumento de um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas, que foi aplicado aos diretores gerais, coordenadores assistenciais e aos coordenadores administrativos - bem como com alguns responsáveis por áreas financeiras e áreas afins, dos 6 hospitais que compõem a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre novembro de 2009 e março de 2010. As respostas ao questionário foram tabuladas e analisadas com o aplicativo estatístico EXCEL versão 7.0 da Microsoft. O estudo revelou que a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro não utiliza quaisquer formas de apuração de custos e que os gestores consideram o momento como propicio a implantação de sistemas de custeio nestas unidades. Algumas questões importantes foram apontadas, como a não utilização de quaisquer sistemas de custeio e a existência de um ambiente favorável ao inicio de trabalhos de implantação de sistemas de custeio nas unidades / This study aimed to examine the feasibility of deployment of costing systems in the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, investigating the existence of costing systems deployed, and if so, which of the costing methods used, the profile of the units and their managers as well as their experiences in the use of costing systems and their perceptions on the issue of deployment of the systems in production services. To this end, we carried out an exploratory, qualitative. Was employed as an instrument of a structured questionnaire containing closed and open questions, which was applied to general managers, care coordinators and administrative coordinators - as well as some areas responsible for financial and related fields, the six hospitals comprising the Network Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro during the period between November 2009 and March 2010. The questionnaire responses were tabulated and analyzed with the statistical application of Microsoft EXCEL version 7.0. The study revealed that the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro does not use any form of cost settlement and that the managers consider the propitious moment as the deployment of costing systems in these units. Some important issues have been identified as not using any cost systems and the existence of a favorable environment for the early deployment jobs costing systems in the units

Este estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade de implantação de sistemas de custeio na Rede Hospitalar Federal no Rio de Janeiro, investigando a existência de sistemas de custeio implantados, e, em caso positivo, quais os métodos de custeio utilizados, o perfil das unidades e dos gestores, bem como suas experiências em utilização de sistemas de custeio e suas percepções sobre a questão da implantação de sistemas desta natureza nas unidades analisadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, qualitativo. Empregou-se como instrumento de um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas, que foi aplicado aos diretores gerais, coordenadores assistenciais e aos coordenadores administrativos - bem como com alguns responsáveis por áreas financeiras e áreas afins, dos 6 hospitais que compõem a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre novembro de 2009 e março de 2010. As respostas ao questionário foram tabuladas e analisadas com o aplicativo estatístico EXCEL versão 7.0 da Microsoft. O estudo revelou que a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro não utiliza quaisquer formas de apuração de custos e que os gestores consideram o momento como propicio a implantação de sistemas de custeio nestas unidades. Algumas questões importantes foram apontadas, como a não utilização de quaisquer sistemas de custeio e a existência de um ambiente favorável ao inicio de trabalhos de implantação de sistemas de custeio nas unidades / This study aimed to examine the feasibility of deployment of costing systems in the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, investigating the existence of costing systems deployed, and if so, which of the costing methods used, the profile of the units and their managers as well as their experiences in the use of costing systems and their perceptions on the issue of deployment of the systems in production services. To this end, we carried out an exploratory, qualitative. Was employed as an instrument of a structured questionnaire containing closed and open questions, which was applied to general managers, care coordinators and administrative coordinators - as well as some areas responsible for financial and related fields, the six hospitals comprising the Network Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro during the period between November 2009 and March 2010. The questionnaire responses were tabulated and analyzed with the statistical application of Microsoft EXCEL version 7.0. The study revealed that the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro does not use any form of cost settlement and that the managers consider the propitious moment as the deployment of costing systems in these units. Some important issues have been identified as not using any cost systems and the existence of a favorable environment for the early deployment jobs costing systems in the units

The diploma thesis is concerned with the optimization in selected areas of management information system on the example of a specific company. The aim is to optimize the selected areas of the system, which were selected in collaboration with the company. The result of this work is to design the system of outputs, metrics and key performance indicators. These, through the management information system, inform the user about the performance of the company and enable him to monitor, analyze and manage areas of interest. The main area of interest is assortment of goods reporting from the perspective of company and their branches. Thesis during the optimization of management information system outputs solves seasonality adjustment, improves costing system and behavior of assortment of goods.

La investigación tiene por objetivo determinar la influencia del Sistema de Costeo ABC y la rentabilidad financiera en el sector de elaboración de productos de panadería en el distrito de San Borja, año 2017. La metodología de investigación usada fue de tipo básica (cualitativa y cuantitativa), con un nivel no experimental, para la que se utilizó el enfoque transaccional de tipo explicativo. La población de la cual se parte son las empresas panificadoras del distrito de San Borja, las cuales suman alrededor de 71 empresas formales registradas en la Municipalidad. Asimismo, se usó una muestra probabilística de 60 unidades. Entre las conclusiones más resaltantes se encuentra que la producción es el factor más influyente en la rentabilidad financiera, es decir, que una estrategia viable para las empresas es trabajar en función al peso por unidad por pan, lo que permite ponderar de manera óptima sus niveles de rentabilidad. Esto se evidencia, por ejemplo, en las panificadoras de los supermercados, donde pesan los panes para su venta. Con respecto a la investigación, se consideran cinco capítulos detallados a continuación: el Capítulo I trata sobre el marco teórico y en esta etapa se considera todo el contenido de información de las variables, tomando en cuenta los puntos de vista de los autores y metodologías, desde el enfoque de la investigación. El Capítulo II es el plan de investigación y se analiza todo el planteamiento de la investigación, así como, los recursos económicos que se usan en el estudio. El Capítulo III corresponde a las metodologías de investigación, para lo cual se considera una serie de procedimientos y metodologías. En el Capítulo IV se da el desarrollo y se analizan los resultados del estudio de profundidad de forma cuantitativa. Por último, en el Capítulo V se presentan los análisis de resultados. En este apartado, la aplicación de resultados permite encontrar casos o tendencias en el negocio a través de los dos métodos de investigación: cuantitativo y cualitativo. Adicionalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones en función a los hallazgos encontrados. / The objective of the research is to determine the influence of the ABC Costing System and financial profitability in the bakery products manufacturing sector of San Borja district, 2017. The research methodology was based on a basic type (qualitative and quantitative), with a non-experimental level, using the explanatory-type transactional approach. The population used is the bakery companies of San Borja, which reaches about 71 formal companies registered in the Municipality. Also, a probabilistic sample of 60 units was used. Among the main conclusions, can be found that production is the factor that influence the most in financial profitability, this means that the strategy that companies can use could be to work according to the weight by unit, this allows us to weigh better profit levels for companies. As an example, supermarkets bakery companies can be considered, based on the loaves weighing they do for sale. Regarding to the investigation, there are five chapters detailed below: Chapter I. Theoretical framework. In this stage, all the information content of the variables is considered from the point of view of the authors and methodologies from the research focus. Chapter II. Research plan. Analyze the whole approach of the research, as well as its economic resources used in the study. Chapter III. Research methodologies. It is considered here, a series of procedures and methodologies. Chapter IV. Developing. In this part, the results of the depth study are considered in a quantitative way. Chapter V. Analysis of results. The results application allows to find cases or trends in the business that goes through the two research methods: quantitative and qualitative. Additionally, the conclusions and recommendations are worked based on the findings found. / Tesis

La presente tesis de investigación tiene como finalidad que la empresa analizada logre conocer sus costos detalladamente, tener una adecuada estructura de costos, acercándose más al costo real de los servicios que brindan, identificando las actividades necesarias para brindar un servicio, asignar correctamente los recursos a las actividades mediante inductores que ayudarán a obtener el objeto de costo, con el fin de tomar las mejores decisiones gerenciales para mejorar la rentabilidad de la empresa, crear valor agregado sobre el servicio que se brinda y cumplir todos los objetivos planeados. Se aplicó el sistema de costeo ABC basándose en la metodología de aplicación y conceptos recabados de diferentes fuentes sobre el tema investigado, los que se detallan en el primer capítulo mencionando a diferentes autores que han realizado estudios sobre el sistema de costeo ABC, en el segundo capítulo se realiza la descripción del plan de investigación donde se menciona y analiza el problema, y se validan las hipótesis. En el tercer capítulo se presenta la metodología elegida, donde se detalla la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, además se define la muestra de la población. El capítulo cuatro explica cómo se ha desarrollado la investigación, las entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a los especialistas, los resultados de las encuestas y el caso práctico aplicando el sistema de costeo ABC. En el quinto capítulo se desarrolla el análisis de los resultados obtenidos por las herramientas usadas, el caso práctico y la validación de las hipótesis. Para finalizar se realizan las conclusiones y las recomendaciones basándose en las hipótesis planteadas. / This research thesis is intended for the analyzed company to achieve their costs in detail, have an adequate cost structure, approaching the real cost of the services that it provides, identifying the activities necessary to provide a service, correctly assign of the resources to activities through inducers that will help obtain the cost object, in order to make the best management decisions to improve the profitability of the company, create added value about the service that provides and fulfill all the planned objectives. The ABC costing system was applied based on the application methodology and concepts collected from different sources on the subject investigated, those detailed in the first chapter mentioning different alters that have carried out studies on the ACC cost place system, in the second chapter the description of the research plan is made in which the problem is mentioned and analyzed, and the hypothesis are validated. In the third chapter, the chosen methodology is presented, where quantitative and qualitative research is detailed, the sample of the population is defined. Chapter four explains how research has developed, in-depth interviews made to specialists, the results of the surveys and the practical case by applying the ABC cost place system. In the fifth chapter the analysis of the results obtained by the used tools, the practical case and the validation of the hypothesis is developed. To finalize conclusions and recommendations are made based on the hypothesis raised. / Tesis

台灣的高科技研發設計產業長期以來一直享有較高的競爭優勢以及令人稱羨的利潤，但近幾年來，在面對全球性競爭與快速變遷的環境下，原先具有的高品質及低開發成本的優勢有逐漸喪失的情形。而企業為了維持原有的競爭優勢，除了加緊腳步在研發技術的創新、提供服務的效率以及營運成本的控制上找出最好的方法及策略外，而如何計算產品成本，如何有效訂價，更為企業迎戰此一競局的重要考量。 由於傳統的成本制度無法滿足快速變遷的製造環境，高科技研發設計產業亟需新的方法以適時的提供相關成本資訊，做為決策之用。而作業基礎成本制度(Activity-Based Costing System, ABC)經過學術界的大力推廣及實務上不斷的經驗累積，大多認為此一制度不僅可以減少成本扭曲，更重要的是可以協助管理者進行較佳的成本控制，增加企業營運的效率，以及進一步可以輔助產品的訂價及競爭策略。 因此，本研究係以國內某高科技軟/硬體研發設計公司為研究對象，透過個案研究及作業基礎成本法之探討，分析高科技研發設計公司成本組成及影響成本活動的因素，並建立其關聯，藉此提出一套可供研發設計公司參考之成本分析架構與模式，並進而協助相關企業在產品研發及訂價方面做出最好之決策。 / The R&D design industry of Taiwan have enjoyed high competition advantages & high profit margin for a long time. But in recent year, under global competition & environment of rapid change, those advantages have lost gradually. In order to maintain the original competition advantages, enterprises need to step up the step to find out the best method and tactics in R&D innovation, service providing of high efficiency and control of operating cost. Besides, It is also the important consideration for those companies to think about how to calculate the product cost and set up the pricing strategy. Because the traditional cost system cannot satisfy the diversified manufacturing environment, R&D design industry tremendously need a new cost method which provides decision-makers with up-to-date, complete, and reliable cost information. Activity-Based Costing System (ABC) has been approved by academic study & implemented by a lot of company. Mostly think that this system cannot merely reduce the cost to distort, the more important thing is that can help top managers to control better cost, increase the operating efficiency, and program the better pricing strategy. This paper studies how a software/hardware design company by adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system traces and analyze all of the cost elements associated with research & development activities. The main purpose of this study is trying to use ABC costing system to build a cost model for future application in the R&D design industry and hope this study can help relevant enterprises to make the best decision in the product development and establish the competitive pricing strategy.