As the title suggests, this diploma thesis is focused on the activities of self-governing bodies in the event of extensive forest fires. First, the theoretical part describes general information about forest fires that concerns, among other things, the most common causes and kinds of forest fires. Drawing on this part, there is information on various ways of extinguishing fires, especially by means of the aerial fire-fighting service. The chapter of The Present State is further focused on legislation and the tasks of self-governing bodies in the event of extensive forest fires because the competences and duties of mayors have to be clearly defined in such serious situations, which consequently enhances the clarity of the situation. This diploma thesis follows two objectives. The first one is the evaluation of the activities of self-governing bodies in the event of extensive forest fires, and in connection with this, pointing out possible flaws. For this, a hypothesis has been established claiming that it is necessary to increase the readiness quality of the self-governing bodies for the possible occurrence of extensive forest fires. The other objective is to prepare a methodical process draft for solving an extensive forest fire. The output of the thesis is a methodical draft or manual, which should support the preparation for and solution of such situations. This final thesis will provided as a study material for students. The methodical draft will be further offered to mayors of municipalities that are endangered by forest fires.

More and more frequent vagaries of the weather, repeated natural disasters, increasing environmental pollution, industry expansion, overpopulation of the planet, religious disturbances, terrorist attacks, wars ? all this and much more matters to the whole human society. The terms such as ?emergency event? and ?crisis situation? are used hand in hand with this in the mass media on a daily basis. In particular, public protection was shaped by the World Wars and the so-called Cold War in the 20th century. Terrorism, uses of nuclear core and religious come into play in the 21st century. Advanced societies, like the Czech Republic, have responded to such a development by adopting a number of measures, creating lots of legal documents, establishing an integrated rescue system designed for managing emergency events. Professionalism of the integrated rescue system keeps improving. But what about an individual who the mentioned events also matter to? What information do the children have nowadays, would they be able to react correctly in emergencies, would they be able to give first aid in a right way? As for teaching public protection, how have the schools adopted themselves to the new era? History and the present of the development of the public protection are described in the theoretical part of the presented thesis. he public protection is viewed within the context of the present days and society i.a. in relation to the multinational organizations and European Community. The description of the school system of teaching public protection is the main linchpin of the theoretical part of the thesis. Guidance Notes by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (the ?MŠMT?) ref. No. 12 050/03-22 to include the topic of protection of man in emergencies into the educational programmes and Guidance Notes by the MŠMT ref. No. 13 586/03-22 Protection of Man in Emergencies ? Amendment to the Teaching Materials for Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Special Schools and Colleges of 4 March 2003 are the main regulations in this area. Following these documents, the level of cooperation between schools and the integrated rescue system in relation to the comprehensive teaching in the area of public protection in theory is described in the thesis. A hypothesis has been defined for the diploma thesis: Preparedness of primary school pupils in České Budějovice in the area of public protection is only basic. In order to confirm or disapprove this hypothesis, 14 primary schools in České Budějovice founded by the Statutory Town of České Budějovice were addressed in the research part of the thesis. After finding out what the situation at the individual schools is, a selective statistical set of 150 pupils was selected from the set of 28 years 9 of the above-mentioned primary schools and 681 pupils using a stratified sampling method. They were presented with a standard test originating from the test for year 9 outlined in accordance with the guidance notes by the MŠMT and the document ?Documents for Teaching the Issues of Protection of Man in Common Risk Areas and Emergencies at Primary Schools?. Basic methods of descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the test. The hypothesis was not confirmed, which is accounted for in detail in the final part of the thesis. The evaluation of the test results shows significantly better than just pupils? basic knowledge in the area of public protection. Zero hypothesis has been accepted on the basis of the experimental test and the empirical classification was replaced by the theoretical common classification i.e. Gauss curve. The intention of the use in practice has been to offer the thesis results to the primary schools for self-reflection, comparison and expansion or enrichment of the teaching plans. The participating schools were interested in being provided with the individual results already while processing the tests and in this respect they were satisfied.

Security of citizens is one of the fundamental responsibilities of the state. Therefore, the crisis management system in the Czech Republic is one of the forms of the population protection guaranteed by the state. During its creation and operation cooperate appropriate bodies of the public administration, as well as legal and natural persons. In this thesis the readiness of smaller administrative units is assessed, such as municipality type I. (a municipality), municipality type II. (a municipality with authorized authority ) and especially municipality type III. (a municipality with extended scope). Despite the fact that the crisis management system in the Czech Republic is constantly evolving and is also supported by the legislative side, it is largely neglected at lower levels. Activities in this area are in many cases either postponed or in worse cases considered completely useless and their implementation will not take place. In relation with the exceptional situations the municipal authorities were entrusted with certain powers to deal with such situations. But on the other hand, different levels of municipalities are not distinguished in the cases of dealing with crisis situations. Problems arise in the areas of expertise, material and human resources, especially when the municipalities type I. do not have such resources to be capable of adequately respond in the event of a crisis situation. After all, there are better conditions in municipalities with extended scope, which are able, also due to the larger budgets within its administrative area, to ensure better crisis preparedness of municipality to an exceptional or crisis situation and its subsequent solutions associated with minimizing damages and eliminate the consequences of the action of an exceptional or crisis situation.The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the crisis management system in the Czech Republic. With the help of legislation and professional literature the theoretical part is focused on the explanation of basic terms, such as crisis management, a system of integrated rescue system, emergency and crisis planning, characteristics of the exceptional and crisis situation or crisis management authorities. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on the field of crisis management at the level of municipalities with extended scope, which describes both the scope and the various municipal bodies. It addresses the individual procedures of primarily smaller local government units in the prevention of municipality preparation for exceptional situations, participation of municipality on rescue and relief works and operations implemented in connection with the population protection. At last, the theoretical part contains the financial security operations related to the preparation of exceptional or crisis situations and to the rescue and relief work implementation.To meet the objectives of the thesis were established two research questions that address both the preparedness of humanitarian worker, as well as the possibility of drafting a proposal for a methodological procedure in dealing with crisis situation.

One of the duties of each municipality, regardless of the size of the administrative territory, number of citizens or type, is to protect its population against imminent danger, i.e. to be duly prepared for solution of extraordinary or crisis incidents that can affect the municipalities. I have chosen the name of the thesis, "Place and role of municipality bodies in preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations" mainly due to the fact that, according to my experience, the area of safety is neglected and underestimated, or postponed, or the municipality bodies deal with this issue only marginally. Municipalities with extended competence or bigger municipalities have some advantage as they are better equipped in terms of staff, professionalism and material and a lot of tasks within preparation for extraordinary incidents and crisis situations are performed, for their benefit, by regional fire brigades. The first goal of the thesis consists in presenting the principles of working of the municipality and its bodies, in defining the duties and competences of the municipalities in extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. It consists further in drawing up a basic summary of legislative tools of territorial self-government units and their essential position within crisis management and safety system of the Czech Republic. The second goal consists in evaluating the crisis potential of the administrative territory of the municipality of Loučovice under use of crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region and of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov. The following research question was created to fulfil the goals of the thesis: Do risks and tasks of the municipality constitute a motive for the municipality bodies to elaborate a crisis preparedness plan? To answer the research question, I made use of specialized literature, lectures and legal standards. That allowed characterizing the public administration system with focus on the competence of territorial self-government units and their bodies when preparing for and dealing with extraordinary incidents. Subsequently, the safety risks of the municipality of Loučovice in case of potential danger to its territory were evaluated, and the acquired information served as base to elaborate a draft of crisis preparedness plan, as one of indispensable parts of crisis management, i.e. planning. The dangers and their causes were identified under use of the crisis plan of the South Bohemian Region, of the crisis plan of the municipality with extended competence, Český Krumlov, and of the extract from the plan of actions for protection of citizens under the Lipno I and II Dam against special flood for the municipality of Loučovice. Further important information was acquired thanks to the cooperation of the Fire Brigade of the South Bohemian Region, the employees of Povodí Vltavy, s. p., and from archive documents of the municipal authority. The own data collection served to elaborate a comprehensive document with a list of the most important tasks of self-government in preparation of and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations that will be used as a manual for the mayor and the bodies of the municipality of Loučovice within expansion of knowledge in the area of preparation for and dealing with extraordinary incidents and crisis situations. The practical part of the thesis includes the crisis preparedness plan of the municipality of Loučovice that can be used in case of emergence of and dealing with a crisis situation on the territory of the municipality. At the same time, the plan will be used for training of employees of the municipality and for familiarization of corporate bodies and citizens with the character of potential danger.

Life on our planet does not exist without risks. Nobody is protected against extraordinary events and crisis situations. Except for enormous traffic accidents and natural disasters such as floods, fires, windstorms, landslides and avalanches there are also probable accidents with leakage of dangerous chemical substances in the Czech Republic. Above listed probable situations require immediate reaction and in many cases their solution raises the need of communication with public. In the Czech Republic there was for this purpose created a system of crisis management, which carries out prevention and correction of crisis situations and during crisis outbreak exercises specific procedures leading to reduction of crisis effect. Integral part of activities is the area of information flow (crisis communication) including informedness of general public. The result of above described activity is the plan of communication with public. With respect to the fact that no rule of law solves the content and structure of this document, my proposal results from accessible scientific literature, performed analysis of chosen municipalities and consultation with professionals on this topic. Information is the base of all events, however they are useless if the do not reach these who were they addressed to. That is why their transfer should play the main part when carrying out precautionary measures against extraordinary events and crisis situations as well as in the time of crisis situation solution.

The goal of my thesis was to provide a basic and comprehensive picture of the territory of the town of Tábor, and to describe how the characteristics influence the possibility of occurrence of extraordinary events and crisis situations, including the follow-up ways to solve these situations. Another goal of my thesis was to present a picture of the possibilities of occurrence of selected and particular extraordinary events and crisis situations, including the identification of the readiness level of the crisis management authorities of the town of Tábor for these events. In the final part there are findings and information based on which we can state that the hypotheses were confirmed. Based on the characteristics of the town of Tábor, which influence the occurrence of unfavourable events and their solutions, the level of readiness of the town for these events is considered to be good, and currently additional new measures are taken to stabilise and improve this readiness.

ABSTRACT The thesis titled Reasons of Early Retirement of Members of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic introduces Fire Rescue Service unit in the South Bohemia region, its role, its basic units, and operations. Further, I focused my attention on the personality of the fireman {--} rescuer and its features, as they are necessary for good performance when rescuing. Next part of the thesis describes history, major goals, and methods of work in Psychological service of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, established in order to prepare firemen professionally in psychological sphere, and in order to provide post traumatic care for firemen, their relatives, and also for the general public. The practical part is focused on the investigations of reasons bringing Fire Rescue Service members to retire early, which is often senseless. This investigation was focused on stress put on firemen during individual actions and how the stress affects firemen as well as how they are able to deal with it. There is also covered the fact, that psychological stress and also dealing with it to some extent, is not the only reason for the early retirement from the service. Amendments in the legislation belongs to the group of major reasons for leaving the service, namely the changes that followed after adopting the Act no 361/2003 Coll. ``The Act of 23rd of September, 2003 on the Service of Members of Security Units{\crqq} applicable since 1st of January, 2007. The Diploma Work could be used as the further lead for possible amendments in the legislation and in the system of the prevention of stress situations in members of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.

Den rådande pandemin, Covid-19, förändrade samhällets syn och behov av konsumtion. I och med att fler började arbeta hemifrån och skolan utfördes på distans, blev efterfrågan på bekväma kläder allt högre. Eftersom att det inte längre gick att sysselsätta sig socialt och träffa andra människor fick människor lära sig att sysselsätta sig på andra sätt. Statistiken visar att produktgruppen träningskläder ökat kraftigt under 2020 och har fortsatt in i 2021. Fler människor valde att prioritera sin fysiska hälsa och fick upp ögonen för träning. Förutom att pandemin påverkade samhället och konsumtionen i stort påverkade det även människan på individnivå, vilket resulterade i förändrade sätt att yttra sin identitet på. Just konsumtionen blir av stor vikt när människan ska kunna bearbeta sin identitet, men när begränsningar i samhället uppkommer tvingas människan att tänka om kring dess konsumtionsval. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur konsumenters identitetsprojekt påverkas till bakgrund av pandemin. Mer specifikt har vi valt att fokusera på att förstå hur träningskläder har haft betydelse för konsumenters identitetsprojekt under pandemin. Det är av intresse att undersöka förändringar inom konsumentbeteende- och identitet för att kunna kartlägga hur konsumenter blir påverkade när de tvingas anpassa sig till samhällsförändringar och krissituationer. Studiens forskningsfrågor: • Hur har pandemin covid-19 påverkat konsumentens identitetsprojekt? • Vilken betydelse har träningskläder haft på konsumenters identitetsprojekt? Metoden som användes i studien är en kvalitativ där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes mot bakgrund av en intervjuguide med strukturerade frågor. Tio stycken deltagande kvinnor och män intervjuades, samtliga med ett intresse eller behov av träning och träningskläder i sin vardag. Utöver detta gjordes även en litteraturstudie för att få en övergripande insikt i vad som studerats tidigare samt få tillgång till fler perspektiv och aspekter. Det förekom även att statistik användes för att fastställa siffror inom förändrad försäljningsstatistik. Resultatet bekräftade att konsumenters identitetsprojekt har påverkats och förändrats under loppet av pandemin, fler har fått upp ögonen för träning, nya träningsformer och träningskläder. För att anpassa sig till den nya situationen har många anammat träningen och träningskläder som en ny identitet, vilket var ett resultat av en begränsad vardag och förändrat socialt liv. Samtliga respondenter var eniga om att träningskläder har ökat i popularitet under det senaste året, samt att det anses mer socialt accepterat. / The prevailing pandemic, Covid-19, changed society's views and needs for consumption. As more people started working from home and school took place digitally, the demand for more comfortable clothes increased. Since it was no longer possible to socially interact and meet other people, we had to learn how to occupy ourselves in other ways. Statistics show that the product group ‘training clothing’ increased sharply in 2020 and continued into 2021. More people chose to prioritize their physical health during a period of uncertainty and opened their eyes to training. But in addition to the fact that the pandemic affected society and consumption in general, it also affected humans on an individual level, which resulted in changed ways of expressing one's identity. Consumption in particular becomes of great importance when a person wants to process its identity, but when limitations arise in society, we are forced to rethink his consumption and choice. The purpose of this study was to examine how consumers' identity projects are affected by the pandemic. More specifically, we have chosen to focus on understanding how training clothing has been important for consumers' identity projects during the pandemic. It is of interest to examine changes in consumer behavior and identity in order to be able to map how consumers are affected when they are forced to adapt to societal changes and crisis situations. Study research questions: • How has the pandemic covid-19 affected the consumer's identity project? • What significance have training clothes had on consumers' identity projects? The method used was qualitative where semi-structured interviews were conducted on the basis of a structured interview guide. Ten participating women and men were interviewed, all with an interest or need for training and training clothes in their everyday lives. In addition to this, a literature study was also conducted to gain an overall insight into what has been studied previously and to gain access to more perspectives and aspects. It also happened that statistics were used to determine figures in changed sales statistics. The results confirmed that consumers' identity projects have been affected and changed during the course of the pandemic. More people have opened their eyes to training, new forms of training and training clothes. To adapt to the new situation, many had adopted training and training clothes as a new identity, which was a result of a limited everyday life and changed social life. All respondents agreed that training clothes have increased in popularity over the past year, and that it is considered more socially accepted.

Bakgrund: Covid-19-pandemin har ställt stora krav på arbetsplatserna. Tidigare forskning visar att organisationer påverkas på många olika sätt i krissituationer. Hur dessa kriser bemöts och hanteras av ledare kan vara avgörande för organisationens framtid. I och med att både ledarskap och kriser är svåra att definiera är ledarskapsrollen i kriser intressant samt aktuellt eftersom vii skrivande stund befinner oss mitt i covid-19-pandemin.   Problem: Den snabba smittspridningen har ställt krav på arbetsplatser som i sin tur påverkatsmycket av detta. Tidigare rutiner och vanor kan inte följas på samma sätt som tidigare vilket kan skapa oro och problem inom företag. Det krävs hantering av situationen med covid-19-pandemin samtidigt som företag måste lyckas utföra sina vardagliga arbetsuppgifter föröverlevnad på lång sikt. Oavsett om den nya vardagen gynnar eller hämmar företag måsteåtgärder vidtas. Ledarna måste använda sina egenskaper för att hantera situationen på bästa möjliga sätt samtidigt som deras egna tankar och åsikter spelar mindre roll när det ställs krav på att saker och ting måste utföras på ett specifikt sätt. Det finns inte mycket erfarenheter som kan användas kring varje specifik kris eftersom en del är helt nya och unika krävs det att ledare är medvetna om vad som skulle kunna uppkomma och hur de ska agera. Ledare behöver besitta olika typer av kompetenser beroende på kris för att lyckas hantera den komplexa situationen som organisationen står inför.   Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur ledarskapets utförande har påverkats undercovid-19-pandemin. Tanken med denna undersökning är att både involvera ledare och medarbetare. Utifrån ledare och medarbetare är målet att skapa en förståelse utifrån deras uppfattningar för att erhålla en tydligare bild på hur ledarskap faktiskt har påverkats av covid-19-pandemin.   Metod: Vår forskningsstrategi var att genomföra en fallstudie för att skapa en större förståelse hur ledarskap påverkas vid krissituationer. I undersökningen används två kvalitativa metoderför att både få en bred och djup förståelse utifrån respondenterna. En avgränsning har gjorts i undersökningen till att undersöka en liten del av Volvo Lastvagnar AB och specifikt hur ledarskapet har påverkats inom denna del.   Studiens resultat: Det är näst intill ingenting som är sig likt jämfört med ledarskapet innancovid-19-pandemin. Det som visat sig vara den största påverkande faktorn på ledarskapet harvarit distansarbete. Trots att ledarna inte upplever att ledarskapet fungerat bra upplevermedarbetarna det vilket visar att de finns olika uppfattningar kring detta område. Undersökningen visar även att det finns olika uppfattningar kring arbetsutförandet. Dessa olika uppfattningar har påverkat avdelningen positivt då det genererat flera nya lösningar på problem som uppstått. Medarbetarna har fått större ansvar för arbetsutförandet vilket har lett till merkreativa lösningar jämfört med tidigare. Genom att ledarna har givit mer ansvar tillmedarbetarna har det visat sig att deras livssituation påverkats positivt genom mer egenplanering av arbetet. / The written language of this paper is Swedish.   Background: The Covid-19 virus has come to demand huge requirements for all businesses. Research shows that different organizations has been affected in different ways during critical situations, how these situations is being answered and handled by the leaders can be crucial for the organizations future. However good leadership and critical situations is hard to define, the role of a leader during crisis is a very interesting subject in this moment when we are actually living during a pandemic right now.     Problem: The quick development around the spread of infection has demanded a lot for companies. Old routines and habits can’t be followed in the same way as before which causes worries inside the company by the employees. Management around the pandemic situation are important and at the same time the company has to proceed and manage to keep their regular work going on and manage to survive at longer terms. Even though this new way of work gains or inhibits the company some measures have to take action. The leaders must use their knowledge to handle certain situations in the best possible way. At the same time their own thoughts and opinions does not play a role in this when the work must be dealt with in a specific way. There is not a lot of experience when it comes to handle a specific crisis because the crises are brand new and unique which means that the leaders have to be beware of what can show up and how to take action for it. A leader needs to have a lot of knowledge around different areas depending on the situation to actually manage the complex situation the organization is facing.   Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to investigate the outcome of how leadership has been affected during the pandemic. The thought of this investigation is to involve leaders for the companies and also the employees. Our target is to create an understanding based on their thoughts on how to keep up a clear view on how good leadership actually has been affected during the pandemic.   Method: Our research strategy was to implement a study that creates a bigger understanding on how leadership affects during a critical crisis. In this investigation we’ve used two qualitative methods to get a wider and deeper knowledge based on the respondents. During this investigation a boundary has been made during the research for a small part of the company Volvo Lastvagnar AB on how specific the leadership has been affected.   The result: It’s basically nothing that is what it used to be when it comes to leadership compared to what it was before the pandemic. The study shows that the biggest element on leadership has been the distance work. The leaders do not believe that their style of leadership is doing great for the company, although if we ask the employees, they think it works which shows that there are a lot of different opinions in this area. The study shows that around during different working situations, there are a lot of opinions that actually affected the company positively because it has generated new and improved solutions on upcoming problems. The employees have been titled with more responsibility during work which has led to more creative solutions compared to earlier. By the bigger responsibility handed out by the leaders, the employees have a more positive feeling when it comes to life in general just because they have their own structure and planning of their work.

For my project I’ve chosen to create a Business Plan for a Crisis Management Consultancy company. To do this I’ve used a limited company and named it Navigator Ltd. In the preceding project I’ve explained all the essential steps needed to create a new company, as well as pointing out the importance of crisis management for various companies on the market. I’ve described the services in detail, compared the competing businesses in the field of crisis management, shown a view of the future and built a personnel infrastructure of the described company. I’ve created a realistic company strategy and planned budgets needed for a smooth start.