Problem: Covid-19-pandemins påverkan på spridningen av fake news har kommit att bidra till växande misstro för organisationer och skepticism bland konsumenter på sociala medier. Fake news har inte enbart medför förvirring och misstro hos konsumenter, utan påverkar även attityder, skapar rykten och kan leda till finansiella hot för organisationer, där bojkottning av varor eller varumärken kan ske på grund av desinformation. Organisationer behöver således förstärka och förstå konsumenters lojalitet för att minimera dessa allvarliga konsekvenser som kan försätta organisationer i konkurs. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga vilka faktorer som påverkar konsumenters lojalitet gentemot organisationer som marknadsför sig på sociala medier. Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi, med ett abduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Studien har genomfört åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer, för att kunna skapa flexibilitet samt uppnå det eftersträvade vertikala djupet hos individerna som intervjuas.  Slutsats: Studien har påvisat att faktorerna kognitiva föregångare, affektiva föregångare, subjektiv norm, situationell påverkan, likhet, förtroende och interpersonellt inflytande är essentiella för konsumenters lojalitet gentemot organisationer som marknadsför sig på sociala medier. Därtill har studien bidragit till en ökad förståelse kring hur konsumenters lojalitet påverkas vid en krissituation, när en krissituation ökar spridningen av fake news. De faktorer som kartlagts som essentiella i studien, skulle kunna nyttjas och anammas av organisationer vid framtida krissituationer för att förstärka konsumentlojaliteten på sociala medier. / Problem: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the spread of fake news has contributed to growing distrust of organizations and skepticism among consumers on social media. Fake news has not only caused confusion and mistrust among consumers, but also affects attitudes, creates rumors and can lead to financial threats towards organizations, where boycott of goods or brands can occur due to misinformation. Organizations thus need to strengthen and understand consumer loyalty to minimize these serious consequences that can bankrupt organizations. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that affect consumer loyalty towards organizations that market themselves on social media. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research strategy, with an abductive approach. The study conducted eight semi-structured interviews, in order to create flexibility and achieve the desired vertical depth of the individuals interviewed. Conclusion: The study has shown that the factors cognitive antecedents, affective antecedents, subjective norms, situational influence, homophily, trust and interpersonal influence are essential for consumers' loyalty towards organizations that market themselves on social media. In addition, the study has contributed to an increased understanding of how consumer loyalty is affected in a crisis situation, when a crisis situation increases the spread of fake news. The factors identified as essential in the study could be used and embraced by organizations in possible future crisis situations to support consumer loyalty on social media.

No description available.

Fallstudien undersöker vad som får sjuksköterskor på akutmottagningen i Kalmar att fortsätta arbeta under den rådande covid-19 pandemin. Studien utgår från en induktiv ansats för att skapa en förståelse för det som undersökts. För att samla in empirisk data som grund för studien har fem kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts och tolkats. Under studien har det framkommit att det som får sjuksköterskorna att fortsätta arbeta har att göra med attribut som tillskrivs professionen. Gemenskapen i arbetsgruppen har varit central såväl som allmänhetens bekräftelse för professionen och dess betydelse. Dessutom har det varit av betydelse att kunna stänga av sina känslor för att orka fortsätta arbeta. / This case study examines the driving forces to work during the on-going covid-19 pandemic. The study proceeds from an inductive approach to create an understanding for the examined case. Five qualitative interviews have been made to collect empirical data to analyze. During the study it has emerged that attributes according to the profession are contributing to proceed the work. The connections in the workgroup have been significant as well as the acknowledgement of the public according to the profession. It has also been of major importance to disconnect the feelings to be able to proceed to work.

Cette recherche porte sur les pratiques d’intervention des agents de réponse en intervention de crise (RIC), de leur partenaire fixe et des agents en attente de la formation du Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) auprès des personnes en crise ou atteintes de troubles mentaux. Les agents RIC sont des patrouilleurs de première ligne qui ont reçu une formation complète sur les principes d’intervention en contexte de crise ou de santé mentale. Ce modèle de réponse spécialisée est une solution proactive qui a pour but d’améliorer l’action policière en situation de crise et de veiller à une meilleure prise en charge de ces personnes par les ressources institutionnelles. La désinstitutionnalisation des soins et des services psychiatriques a eu pour effet une augmentation du nombre de personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux dans la communauté. Par conséquent, cet accroissement a engendré des rapports plus fréquents entre les services policiers et cette clientèle. Les interventions en contexte de crise ou de santé mentale sont particulières et complexes, de même qu’elles requièrent un niveau supérieur de compréhension des crises humaines. Les autorités policières ont admis que ces interventions représentent une part significative de leur travail et que la formation policière traditionnelle ne les prépare pas suffisamment pour intervenir adéquatement auprès de cette population. En réponse à ces considérations et dans l’objectif d’améliorer leur capacité d’agir, les forces policières se sont dotées de modèles de réponse policière spécialisée en intervention de crise. L’approche la plus répandue est l’équipe d’intervention de crise (« crisis intervention team » ou « CIT »), aussi appelée le modèle de Memphis. Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce modèle, mais les composantes principales, c’est-à-dire la formation avancée et la consolidation d’un partenariat avec le système de santé demeurent dans l’ensemble de ces structures. L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à sonder les perceptions des agents RIC, de leur partenaire fixe et des agents en attente de la formation afin de comprendre et de contraster leurs visions et leurs pratiques d’intervention en contexte de crise ou de santé mentale. Chaque groupe a apporté des précisions intéressantes. Nous avons conduit 12 entrevues qualitatives avec des policiers du SPVM. De façon générale, les participants rapportent que leurs pratiques d’intervention auprès des personnes en crise ou atteintes de troubles mentaux sont davantage ancrées dans une perspective de relation d’aide. Ils mentionnent également que la communication, l’écoute et la confiance doivent être privilégiées avant tout autre stratégie dans les situations qui les permettent et que la force doit être employée seulement lorsqu’elle est nécessaire, c’est-à-dire lorsque leur sécurité ou celle d’autrui est en péril ou lorsque la communication n’est pas possible. Puis, ils admettent que le recours à l’expertise des intervenants en santé mentale permet une analyse plus approfondie de la situation et de l’état mental de la personne visée par l’intervention. D’autre part, en ce qui concerne les limites de la formation policière traditionnelle, les candidats ont soulevé qu’il y a un manque de connaissances en matière de santé mentale ainsi qu’une difficulté associée à l’évaluation de l’état de la personne et du besoin de transport ont été soulevés. Sur le plan des apprentissages, les agents RIC disent avoir une compréhension plus globale de la problématique de santé mentale, de meilleures habiletés communicationnelles, une analyse plus approfondie de la situation, de plus grandes connaissances juridiques, une compréhension du fonctionnement des services hospitaliers ainsi qu’une appréciation particulière pour le partage de savoirs et les principes d’endiguement. Ils font part également de l’importance des rapports pour documenter l’évolution de l’état mental d’une personne et ils ajoutent que la dimension temporelle joue un rôle clé dans la résolution définitive de la problématique. Au sujet des partenaires, ils évoquent des retombées similaires. Toutefois, à la suite de la formation, ils reconnaissent davantage l’importance de leur rôle dans la sécurité de leur partenaire et ils y accordent dorénavant une attention marquée lors de ces interventions. Enfin, les agents non formés formulent des attentes relatives au développement d’outils et de compétences, ce qui leur sera rendu dans la formation RIC. Globalement, les agents RIC et les partenaires interviewés ont modifié leurs pratiques pour les arrimer avec la philosophie des interventions en contexte de crise ou de santé mentale. Ils ont également davantage confiance en leurs capacités et habiletés d’intervention auprès des personnes en crise ou atteintes de troubles mentaux grâce aux connaissances acquises dans la formation. / This research focuses on police responses provided by the RIC officers of the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) with people in crisis or suffering from a mental disorder. The RIC agents are frontline patrol officers who have received complete training on the principles of intervention in times of crisis. This specialized response model is a proactive alternative that aims to improve police action in crisis situations and to ensure a better management of this population by the institutional resources. Deinstitutionalization of care and psychiatric services has led to an increased number of people with mental disorders in the community. Therefore, this increase has resulted in more frequent interactions between the police and this type of clientele. Interventions in times of crisis are unique and complex and require a higher level of understanding of human crises. The police have admitted that these interventions represent a significant part of their work and that traditional police training did not prepare them sufficiently to respond appropriately. In response to these considerations and in order to improve their abilities, the police forces equipped themselves with police response models specialized in crisis intervention. The most common approach is the crisis intervention team (CIT), also called the Memphis model. There are several variations of this model, but the main components are advanced training and consolidation of a partnership with the health system which both remain in all of these structures. The objective of this research is to explore the perceptions of the RIC officers, their partner and the officers waiting for training in order to better understand and contrast their visions and practices in a crisis or mental health context. We conducted 12 qualitative interviews with officers from SPVM. Overall, participants report that their interventions with people in crisis or with mental disorders are more rooted in a perspective of counselling. They also mention that communication, listening and trust must be privileged above all other techniques in situations that allow them. Furthermore, force should be used only when needed, that is, when their safety or the safety of others is at risk. They also admit that the participation of mental health workers enables a deeper analysis of the situation or the mental state of the person targeted by the intervention. Secondly, in regards to the limits of traditional police training, the candidates have raised that there is a lack of knowledge in the field of mental health and a difficulty in assessing the mental state of the person as well as the needs for transportation. Thirdly, the RIC officers say that they have a better understanding of mental health issues, enhanced communication skills, a deeper analysis of the situation, a greater legal knowledge, an understanding of the operation of hospital services and a particular appreciation for the sharing of knowledge and the principle of containment. They also expressed the importance of the reports to document the evolution of the mental state of a person and they add that the time dimension plays a key role in the final resolution of the issue. As for the partners, they discuss similar benefits. However, after training, they recognize even more the importance of their role in the security of their partner and therefore, they pay more attention during these interventions. Finally, non-trained agents formulate expectations concerning the development of tools and skills, which will be addressed in their training. Overall, the RIC agents and their partners changed their practices to align them with the philosophy of crisis intervention. They also have more confidence in their abilities and skills to intervene with people in crisis or suffering from mental disorders from the knowledge acquired in training.

Title of a document: Floody analysis of Czech republic between 1997 - 2007. Aim of a document: Characterize kinds of extraordinary events and assign to them some cases from CR with concentraining on floods. The legislature before and after acceptance of crisis laws. The economic incidence and loses of lives in effect of floods. Method: An analysis of obtained information oriented to a question of extraordinary events with concentraining on floods. Interview with the specialist of joint rescue service. Results: Complexed summary of extraordinary events, their characterizations and cases reffered to CR with concentraining on floods. Floody analysis of CR between 1997 - 2007 from aspekt of rise, progress and their results. Key words: Joint rescue service, an extraordinary event, crisis situation, rescue and liquidation works, flood, crisis kontrol, economic steps, crisis laws.

The thesis deals with survey of used information systems in municipal and commune offices and Regional offices in connection with crisis management and crisis planning. The work is divided in several parts. The introduction describes history of protection of citizens. The thesis also deals with the issue of information systems from the general point of view and also in connection with crisis management. The practical part looks into the used information systems by questionnaire survey. The survey included all municipalities and communes and all Regional offices. The output of the research is a list of used applications. There are shown following data for each application ? frequency of an application, a map of an application according to regions, scale evaluation of an application and pros and cons of an application. The evaluation of the research disproved the hypothesis that regions and municipalities and communes have a proper idea about what kind of information system they should use. The following part of the thesis introduces a software application to support crisis management. It is a functional application designed to keep a record of shelters in the town of Písek.

The theme of my graduation thesis is {\clqq}Community association usable for resolution of emergency events and crisis situations`` and I have choosen that because of its important. I almost was not able to imagine how spread theme this is. I have known some Community associations in the Czech Republic but I have never known more information about its work expect they work to help people in emergency events and crisis situations. That`s all. Nowadays we all meet strange situations and risks almost every day. It can be caused by human factor (wildfire, outflow chemicals) or by nature`s effects (earthquake, strong storm, flood) and we all are unprotected. And we also don{\crq}t know when human factor or nature`s effects attack again. In these situations we have some State Services which constitute Crisis management and Integration Rescue System to analyse, solve and to help people in these situations. Next help for people affected by emergency events and crisis situations are Community associations usable for their resolutions. And this is the most important point my work is all about. All af these associations are made to help people. That is the main reason to rise it. My work in my graduation thesis is to analyse out present-day situation and methods of registered procedures. I wanted to discover people{\crq}s awareness and knowledges about these associations and finally to evaluate time behaviour of the real situation with model simulations.

The topic of the thesis was mainly chosen, because in recent years many areas of the Czech Republic were repeatedly affected by floods of varying intensity and the police were forced to coordinate rescue and relief work with other units of the integrated rescue system (IRS). In practice performance-related police tasks were influenced by the quality of preparations (especially planning documentation) and decisions of the persons, who are entrusted with the rights and duties of coordinating the intervening units activities. At the same time no document, that deals with the issue, has been processed so far. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is divided into three subsections. The first one aims to familiarize the reader with basic tasks, history, organizational breakdown and legislation governing the activities of the police. The second one examines ispecially the role of the integrated rescue system, its components, process and the role of emergency planning and related legislation. The last subchapter is devoted to crisis management, its bodies, related legislation and crisis planning. The practical part consists of a list of basic police tasks, which was created by analyzing documents prepared in the emergency and crisis planning for the capital city of Prague district. The police competences determined by the applicable effective legislation were subsequently applied to tasks of the list. The result of the above process was the finfing, which specific rules regulate the various police tasks, what specific permissions are officers abble to use to accomplish the task and where are the limits of their options. The aim of this thesis is to create a comprehensive document, that would contain the legal powers of the police and was especially useful in the practice of entities involved in the processing of emergency and crisis plans (including practical examples of the application of individual rights). In this context, there were formulated the following research questions: Suffers legislation of competencies of the Police of the Czech Republic from fragmentation (are the rights and obligations scattered in a number of legal norms)? Are police powers sufficient to perform all the tasks, which are imposed to this unit of the IRS by emergency and crisis plans processed for the capital city of Prague? The results of the thesis have shown that the legislation of the police activities is based on the amount of generally binding legal regulations, which are supplemented by internal regulations of the Ministry of Interior and the police themselves. Although the internal regulations don't have general applicability, they affect the performance of police tasks in practice as well. The fragmentation of legislation may cause an incorrect assessment of the police competencies by the bodies that are involved in emergency and crisis planning. By the coordination of the integrated rescue system activities, this documentation becomes one of the sources for decisions of incident commander or crisis management authority, resp. person standing at the head (especially the mayor or governor). In most cases these persons will not be experts in all relevant spheres and they will logically follow the documentation of the integrated rescue system, or documentation of crisis management. The quality of this documentation (or, conversely, lack thereof) will have practical impact on the success of the management of emergency events or crisis situations. Analysis of current documentation processed in the emergency and crisis planning for the capital city of Prague has shown, that most of the tasks assigned to the police corresponds to their competencies. There were also recorded some tasks that do not belong to the police competences. It involves the sorting of injured people by the START method and their transport to medical facilities by police vehicles.

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of crisis management and internal processes in relation to health and safety at work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinePDpdf.pdf: 699478 bytes, checksum: d1fd21dcb47fd1fb04069e9c8121ab69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis aims to enable a wider comprehension on thought operation as well as suggest alternatives for the formation of reflexive, critical, autonomous and creative individuals. The research defends the idea that it is possible for an individual to develop vigilant attention that makes thought flexibilization and change in the course of action, possible. This operation is called Internal Dialogue and is essentially characterized by a continuous openness towards novelty and learning. This makes it possible to minimize the usual way thought operates, in a automatic fashion (automatism). The research was based on theoretical references and ideas of David Bohm (1989;1994;2005) and Michael Polanyi (1983). The main emphasis was the understanding that a crisis situation enables awareness and state of alert that favors a more flexible thought pattern (Arag?o Gomes, 1994, 1997). The methodology used was presentation and analysis of these moments through autobibliographical records with indication of crisis on behalf of the subjects. Other criteria were also used that enabled the composition of the analyzed material such as the fact that: the subjects were public and real, the data was available through accessible material; the subjects identified themselves as in crisis; these crisis were of varied kinds; they had different social, cultural and professional profiles. Thus, three auto-bibliographical elements were selected: the Infidel: the story of a woman that challenged Islam (2007), written by the political Muslim author Ayaan Hirsi; Still me: memories (2001), of the actor Christopher Reeve as well as Confessions of a Philosopher (2001), by the philosopher Bryan Magee. In these books an analysis was made related to parts that stated action an though operation that express internal dialogue. These were organized into categories that were pointed out as relevant for the identification of internal dialogue such as: Perceptions of physical reaction; emotions, beliefs and issues, individual actions, self judgment and thought, self questioning, comprehension, observation and empirical investigation, perception of the changes they performed in the world, escape of conditioning as well as action that resulted in new meaning. The analysis performed reinforces our goal once it sated that internal dialogue is an important tool that allows thought awareness, minimizing common automatism and making consciousness possible as well as favoring the occurrence of critical and reflexive thought. Thus, final considerations deal with the need for the development of teaching methodologies that address internal dialogue as a counterpoint to the many daily action that reinforce the automatism of thought / Esta tese tem como objetivo permitir maior compreens?o sobre a opera??o do pensamento e sugerir alternativas para a forma??o de indiv?duos reflexivos, cr?ticos, aut?nomos e criativos. Defendemos que ? poss?vel o indiv?duo desenvolver uma aten??o vigilante capaz de flexibilizar o pensamento e possibilitar mudan?as nas nossas a??es e pensamento. Denominada Di?logo Interno, esta opera??o caracteriza-se essencialmente pela abertura ao novo e cont?nua disposi??o para o aprendizado, minimizando o modo como o pensamento opera, na maior parte do tempo (automatismo). Este estudo teve como principais refer?ncias te?ricas as id?ias de David Bohm (1989;1994;2005) e Michael Polanyi (1983) e como pressuposto fundamental o entendimento de que situa??es de crise propiciam momentos de tomadas de ci?ncia e estado de alerta que favorecem o pensamento a operar de modo mais flex?vel. (Arag?o Gomes, 1994, 1997). Metodologicamente, optamos por apresentar e analisar estes momentos atrav?s de relatos autobiogr?ficos, cujo autor indicava vivenciar momentos de crise. Outros crit?rios foram utilizados para comporem o material a ser analisado: tratava-se de pessoas reais e p?blicas; os relatos estavam dispon?veis em obras de f?cil acesso; tratava-se de pessoas em situa??o de crise por elas identificadas; apresentavam situa??es de crise de naturezas distintas; eram pessoas com perfis s?cio-culturais, profissionais e de g?nero distintos. Assim, foram selecionados tr?s relatos autobiogr?ficos: Infiel: a hist?ria de uma mulher que desafiou o Isl? (2007), da escritora e pol?tica mu?ulmana Ayaan Hirsi; Ainda sou eu: mem?rias (2001), do ator Christopher Reeve e; Confiss?es de um fil?sofo (2001), do fil?sofo Bryan Magee. Nestas obras foram analisados diversos trechos nos quais identificamos opera??es e a??es de pensamento que expressam tra?os do Di?logo Interno, organizadas nas categorias que identificamos como relevantes para a identifica??o do Di?logo Interno: percep??o de rea??es f?sicas, percep??o dos pr?prios sentimentos, percep??o das pr?prias cren?as e pressupostos, percep??o das pr?prias a??es, percep??o e julgamento do pr?prio pensamento, a??o de questionamento, busca da compreens?o, observa??o e investiga??o emp?rica, percep??o de sua mudan?a de a??o no mundo, sa?da do condicionamento e a??o de ressignifica??o. As an?lises realizadas refor?am nosso pressuposto de que o di?logo interno ? uma importante ferramenta para acionarmos a aten??o vigilante do pensamento, minimizando o automatismo habitual e propiciando a tomada de consci?ncia e a emerg?ncia de pensamentos cr?ticos e reflexivos. Dessa forma, as considera??es finais desta tese apontam para a necessidade do desenvolvimento de metodologias de ensino que contemplem o Di?logo Interno como contraponto ?s diversas viv?ncias cotidianas que refor?am o automatismo do pensamento e a??o