À partir du concept de « fiction pensante » élaboré par Franck Salaün, l’objectif de cette étude est de montrer, à partir des œuvres de Georges Perec et d’Enrique Vila-Matas, que la fiction littéraire est un lieu de pensée critique et existentielle de l’auteur. Partant des interrogations sur le rapport de l’individu à la mise en écriture de soi, les romans de ces deux auteurs apparaissent comme de véritables lieux pour penser leur existence, leur écriture et leur relation à la littérature, qui sont autant d’éléments montrant leur façon d’être au monde. La fiction étant considérée comme un élément inhérent à la constitution de la pensée, la pensée se révèlera être également inextricable de la littérature. Parce qu’elle construit des mondes possibles auxquels le lecteur peut s’identifier et parce qu’elle apporte des connaissances morales, la littérature est une forme de savoir sur le monde différent mais tout aussi légitime que celui apporté par la philosophie et les sciences (tant les sciences dures que les sciences sociales). À partir des œuvres de ces deux écrivains, la fiction littéraire est donc envisagée comme le lieu où s’expriment leurs pensées littéraires aussi bien que leur conception du monde. / Using the concept of « thinking fiction » created by Franck Salaün, on the base of the works of Georges Perec and Enrique Vila-Matas, the objective of this study is to demonstrate that literary fiction is the expression of the author’s critical and existential thinking. Based on the interrogations concerning the relation between the individual and the writing of the self, their novels appear to be a place to think their existence, their writing and their relation to literature, which constitute the elements of the way they live the world. When considering fiction as an inherent element of the constitution of thought, thought will reveal itself to be also inextricable from literature. Because it creates possible worlds to which the reader identifies and because it contributes to moral knowledge, literature is a form of knowledge of the world as legitimate as the one built by philosophy and sciences (hard sciences as well as human sciences). Based on the works of these two writers, literary fiction will be considered as a place to express their literary thoughts as well as their conception of the world.

En Amérique du Nord aux XX et XXIe siècles, les auteurs étudiés : Ying Chen (La mémoire de l’eau, L’ingratitude et Quatre milles marches : un rêve chinois), Dany Laferrière (Comment faire l’amour avec un nègre sans se fatiguer, Pays sans chapeau et Je suis fatigué), et, Wajdi Mouawad (Incendies, Littoral et Je suis le méchant) avancent des oeuvres qui sont l’expression de voix, à la fois contrastantes, divergentes dans la littérature nationale québécoise. Prenant leur distance par rapport à des représentations stéréotypées de leur époque telles que la littérature d’exil et la littérature du voyage, les auteurs migrants campent des histoires à travers lesquelles s’offrent des images nouvelles de la ville nord-américaine, des lieux emblématiques, une rencontre à l’autre. L’auteur migrant se livre, d’ailleurs, à l’instar de sa trajectoire éclatée dans la ville, à un jeu avec le lecteur en endossant plusieurs rôles, plusieurs figures auctoriales. L’écriture migrante se révèle palimpseste : elle intègre différents modèles littéraires tout en les dépassant. Dans sa construction interne, dont le processus de création, on retrouve ce dérobement aux normes littéraires. Enfin, elle offre une vision du monde réconciliatrice et bienveillante en faisant cohabiter les vivants avec les morts. / In the America of the XXe century, works of Ying Chen, Dany Laferrière and Wajdi Mouawad express voices that are, at the same time, different, various and deviating for the ones of the quebecker’s national literature. Taking their distance toward stereotyped representations of their time, like the exilic literature or the travel literature, migrant authors set stories where brand new images of the northern towns emerge, as well as emblematic places and the meeting of the other occurs. The migrant author reveals, just like his exploded path, a game with the reader by taking over several roles, several auctorial figures. His writing is therefore, a palimpsest: it’s integrating various literary models while it goes beyond. In its intern construction, in its creation process, we may discover how it shielded literary norms. Finally, the migrant writer offers a view of the world that is both reconcile and indulgent by making live together the alives and the deads.

Orientador: Maria Eugenia Boaventura / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_CarolinaDuarteDamasceno_M.pdf: 3533727 bytes, checksum: ffb9a9e29f58c560eda2c6f9d0ffa7c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade estudar o papel desempenhado pela experiência ficcional no relato do narrador-protagonista de Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos. O intuito era mapear, nesse romance pouco estudado, possíveis motivos que levaram Luís da Silva a escrever seu relato, apesar de sua manifesta desconfiança diante da escrita. A partir da análise da modalidade narrativa, da relação entre o narrador e a matéria narrada e do tratamento dado ao tempo no romance, constatou-se que há uma indistinção no discurso do protagonista entre os elementos apresentados como reais e seus devaneios. A proximidade entre presente e passado, realidade e sonho, memória e imaginação, que perpassa a narrativa, faz com que a ficção ganhe, na vida de Luís da Silva, um lugar de destaque, uma vez que ela é capaz de recriar e até substituir sua experiência / Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to study the role that the fictional experience plays in the narrative made by the protagonist and narrator of Graciliano Ramos' Angústia. The goal was to map, in this barely studied novel, possible reasons that made Luís da Silva write bis narrative, in spite of his apparent mistrust regarding the writing experience. By analyzing the narrative format, the relation between the narrator and the narration subject and the treatment given to the course of time in the novel, it was found out that there is no distinction between the elements presented as real and as his daydreaming in the discourse of the protagonist. The proximity between present and past, reality and dream, memory and imagination that passes through the narrative gives the fiction a remarkable role in Luís da Silva' s life, since it is able to remake and even substitute his experience / Mestrado / Literatura Brasileira / Mestre em Teoria Literaria