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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Prozessmanagement in der Computertomographie unter Anwendung der Netzplantechnik

Neumann, Fabian 27 January 2005 (has links)
Unter Verwendung der Netzplantechnik mit der Methode zur Ermittlung der zeitkritischen Vorgänge (CPM) und zur realitätsnahen Berechnung von Vorgangszeiten (PERT) wurden Arbeitsabläufe zur Durchführung einer CT-Untersuchung analysiert und optimiert. Eine Analyse des Arbeitsablaufes von CT Kopf und Thoraxuntersuchungen wurde unter Verwendung der Netzplantechnik (CPM/PERT) durchgeführt durch 1. Beobachten von CT-Untersuchungen und Definition von anfallenden Arbeitsschritten. 2. Zeitmessungen von 158 CT-Untersuchungen an 2 Spiral-CT-Geräten (von 1998 und 2000), das Patientengut wurde in drei Kategorien (Mobil, Bettlägerig und Intensiv) aufgeteilt. 3. Berechnungen und Erstellen eines graphischen Netzplans mit Definition des kritischen Pfades. 4. Aufzeigen von variablen Arbeitsschritten 5. Prozessoptimierung. Untersuchungszeiten für CT Thorax und Kopf (mobile Patienten) wurden mit 21:04 und 23:05 Minuten für das CT von 2000 bwz. 36:01 und 34:50 Min. für das CT von 1998 gemessen. Befundung, Untersuchungsprotokolle (7,1 min Standardabweichung (SD)), Patientenmanagement, Bildbearbeitung (4,5 min SD) und -speicherung auf Film wurden als zeitintensive Aktivitäten erkannt. Nach Netzplanoptimierung konnte eine realistische Untersuchungsdauer für CT Thorax und Kopf von 15:15 (-28%) und 18:37 Min. (-16%) für das CT von 2000 bzw. 27:07 (-25%) und 31:26 Min. (-10%) für das CT von 1998 projiziert werden. Während der Vorbereitung liegen die Tätigkeiten des Arztes auf dem kritischen Pfad. Die CT-MTRA arbeitet bei der Durchführung der Untersuchung, die Patienten-MTRA zur Nachbereitung auf dem kritischen Pfad. Bei Intensivpatienten wurden im Vgl. zu mobilen und bettlägerigen Patienten bis zu 30% längere Untersuchungszeiten errechnet. Projizierte Untersuchungszeiten am CT-Arbeitsplatz können unter Verwendung der Netzplantechnik bis zu 28% verkürzt werden. / The efficiency of CT operations was evaluated to identify ways to redesign and improve the workflow. A workflow analysis using Critical Pathway Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) was performed of head and chest CT by: 1. Observation and definition of work steps to perform the CT scans. 2. Time measurement of 158 CT scans (2 CT scanners of 1998 and 2000), dividing into 3 patient categories (mobile, led up, ICU). 3. Calculation of operational measures and graphical representation of process flow. 4. Finding problematic work steps and reasons behind delays. 5. Process redesign. Mean examination times for chest and head CT of mobile patients were 21:04 and 23:05 minutes respectively for the scanner of 2000 and 36:01 and 34:50 min. for the scanner of 1998. Inside the scanner room the greatest inefficiencies were due to protocol problems (7.1 min standard deviation) and post-processing (4.5 min s.d.). The process redesign lead to a realistic projected examination time of 15:15 (-28%) and 18:37 min. (-16%) for chest and head CT of 2000 respectively and 27:07 (-25%) and 31:26 min.(-10%) for chest and head CT of 1998 (all for mobile patients). The M.D. works critical during preparation time, scanning technician during examination time and patient technician during post-processing time. ICU patients may lengthen examination time up to 30%. Examination time may be reduced up to 28% using CPM and PERT to help redesign the workflow.
2

Mais pra preta do que pra branca: racismo estrutural na Lei Maria da Penha / More black than white: structural racism in the Maria da Penha

Pereira, Stephanie 26 November 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO:A rota crítica das mulheres em situação de violência doméstica sob uma perspectiva racial ainda é tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas. Compreendendo as estruturas racistas, sexistas e classistas que operam em nossa sociedade, questiona-se a efetivação da Lei Maria da Penha na garantia de direitos perante as desigualdades vivenciadas por mulheres negras. OBJETIVO:Compreender se existem diferenças entre mulheres negras e brancas no acesso e na assistência dos serviços que compõem a rede de enfrentamento àviolência doméstica. MÉTODO:Estudo misto. Integraram o estudo as mulheres acima de 18 anos que tiveram processos pela Lei Maria da Penha na Vara de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher da região oeste da cidade de São Paulo (VVDF-Oeste).A abordagem quantitativa ocorreu por meio de estudo transversal; os dados foram coletados pelos processos judiciais pela plataforma RedCap e foram analisados no SPSS, segundo análise estratificada. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas e do processo criminal. A abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por meio de estudo exploratório, com 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas - novemulheres negras e novemulheres brancas. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo análise de conteúdo de Bardine e as rotas críticas das mulheres, que foram esquematizadas. RESULTADOS:As mulheres menos escolarizadas buscarammais medidas protetivas (p=0,004), sendo que as negras com até 11anos de estudo o fizerammais (p=0,026). Observa-se que as mulheres negras menos escolarizadas também são as que menos comparecem ao atendimento multiprofissional oferecido pela VVDF-Oeste (p=0,039). Além disso, observou-se que as mulheres brancas tiveram mais processos sentenciados (p=0,012),bem como menor tempo de processo (p=0,018). O fluxograma das rotas críticas demonstra que as mulheres negras entrevistadas vivenciaram mais episódios de violência institucional e receberam menos informações nos serviços. Tais questões resultaram em uma rota mais tortuosa e com mais passagens por instituições, na busca pela garantia de viver uma vida sem violência. As mulheres negras reconhecem o racismo, além de outros eixos de opressão em sua rota. Observou-se também que as mulheres brancas entrevistadas não reconhecem o racismo como barreira na efetivação de direitos de mulheres negras. DISCUSSÃO: Apesar de um importante marco no enfrentamento daviolência, a Lei Maria da Penha não garantiu acesso igualitário às mulheres. Percebe-se a diferença traduzida em desigualdade. É imprescindível compreender que a diferença apontada por este trabalho entre as mulheres negras e as brancas não é mera coincidência: trata-se do racismo estrutural garantindo a manutenção de uma sociedade desigual. CONCLUSÕES: Ao compreendermos que o racismo, o sexismo e o preconceito de classe estruturam a nossa sociedade e moldam as relações sociais, é evidente que uma política pública jamais seráuniversal se não construir mecanismos concretos que assegurem a igualdade de acesso e de direitos / INTRODUCTION:The studies of the critical paths that women experiencing domestic violence go through are rarely explored on racial perspective. As racist, sexist and classist structures operate in our society, we question the Maria da Penha Law effectiveness in guaranteeing rights taking into account the inequalities experienced by Black women. OBJECTIVE: To understand if there are differences between Black and White women in the Access and assistance of the services of the intersectoral network of violence against woman. METHOD: Mix study. The study is comprised of women over the age of 18 who have prosecuted their agressor under the Maria da Penha Law in the Domestic Violence and Family Violence Court in the western region of the city of São Paulo (VVDF). The quantitative approach was carried out through a cross-sectional study; the data were collected by the judicial processes by the RedCap platform and were analyzed in the SPSS, according to a stratified analysis. Sociodemographic variables and criminal process variables were evaluated. Qualitative approach was carried out through an exploratory study, with 18 semi-structured interviews -nine black women and ninewhite women. The interviews were analyzed according to Bardin\'s content analysis and the women\'s critical paths, which were schematized. RESULTS: Women up to 11years of schooling asked more for protective measures (p = 0.004), and among those, Black women even more (p = 0.026). It is observed that less educated Black women are also the ones that least attend the multi-professional service offered by VVDF (p = 0.039).In addition, it was observed that White women had more sentenced cases (p = 0.012) in addition to a shorterprocess time (p = 0.018). The flow chart of the critical paths shows that the interviewed Black women experienced more episodes of institutional violence and received less information in the services. Such questions resulted in a more tortuous path and more passages by institutions,searching for the guarantee of living a life without violence. Black women recognize racism, as well as other axés of oppression in their route.It was also observed that White women interviewed do not recognize racism as a barrier for Black women have their rights guaranteed. DISCUSSION:Despite an important milestone in facing violence, the Maria da Penha Law did not guarantee equal access to women. The difference translated into inequality is perceived. It is essential to understand that the difference pointed out by this work among black and white women is not mere coincidence: it is structural racism guaranteeing the maintenance of an unequal society. CONCLUSIONS: By understanding that racism, sexism, and class prejudice shape our society and shape social relations, it is clear that public policy would never be universal unless it constructs concrete mechanisms to ensure equal access and rights
3

Mais pra preta do que pra branca: racismo estrutural na Lei Maria da Penha / More black than white: structural racism in the Maria da Penha

Stephanie Pereira 26 November 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO:A rota crítica das mulheres em situação de violência doméstica sob uma perspectiva racial ainda é tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas. Compreendendo as estruturas racistas, sexistas e classistas que operam em nossa sociedade, questiona-se a efetivação da Lei Maria da Penha na garantia de direitos perante as desigualdades vivenciadas por mulheres negras. OBJETIVO:Compreender se existem diferenças entre mulheres negras e brancas no acesso e na assistência dos serviços que compõem a rede de enfrentamento àviolência doméstica. MÉTODO:Estudo misto. Integraram o estudo as mulheres acima de 18 anos que tiveram processos pela Lei Maria da Penha na Vara de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher da região oeste da cidade de São Paulo (VVDF-Oeste).A abordagem quantitativa ocorreu por meio de estudo transversal; os dados foram coletados pelos processos judiciais pela plataforma RedCap e foram analisados no SPSS, segundo análise estratificada. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas e do processo criminal. A abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por meio de estudo exploratório, com 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas - novemulheres negras e novemulheres brancas. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo análise de conteúdo de Bardine e as rotas críticas das mulheres, que foram esquematizadas. RESULTADOS:As mulheres menos escolarizadas buscarammais medidas protetivas (p=0,004), sendo que as negras com até 11anos de estudo o fizerammais (p=0,026). Observa-se que as mulheres negras menos escolarizadas também são as que menos comparecem ao atendimento multiprofissional oferecido pela VVDF-Oeste (p=0,039). Além disso, observou-se que as mulheres brancas tiveram mais processos sentenciados (p=0,012),bem como menor tempo de processo (p=0,018). O fluxograma das rotas críticas demonstra que as mulheres negras entrevistadas vivenciaram mais episódios de violência institucional e receberam menos informações nos serviços. Tais questões resultaram em uma rota mais tortuosa e com mais passagens por instituições, na busca pela garantia de viver uma vida sem violência. As mulheres negras reconhecem o racismo, além de outros eixos de opressão em sua rota. Observou-se também que as mulheres brancas entrevistadas não reconhecem o racismo como barreira na efetivação de direitos de mulheres negras. DISCUSSÃO: Apesar de um importante marco no enfrentamento daviolência, a Lei Maria da Penha não garantiu acesso igualitário às mulheres. Percebe-se a diferença traduzida em desigualdade. É imprescindível compreender que a diferença apontada por este trabalho entre as mulheres negras e as brancas não é mera coincidência: trata-se do racismo estrutural garantindo a manutenção de uma sociedade desigual. CONCLUSÕES: Ao compreendermos que o racismo, o sexismo e o preconceito de classe estruturam a nossa sociedade e moldam as relações sociais, é evidente que uma política pública jamais seráuniversal se não construir mecanismos concretos que assegurem a igualdade de acesso e de direitos / INTRODUCTION:The studies of the critical paths that women experiencing domestic violence go through are rarely explored on racial perspective. As racist, sexist and classist structures operate in our society, we question the Maria da Penha Law effectiveness in guaranteeing rights taking into account the inequalities experienced by Black women. OBJECTIVE: To understand if there are differences between Black and White women in the Access and assistance of the services of the intersectoral network of violence against woman. METHOD: Mix study. The study is comprised of women over the age of 18 who have prosecuted their agressor under the Maria da Penha Law in the Domestic Violence and Family Violence Court in the western region of the city of São Paulo (VVDF). The quantitative approach was carried out through a cross-sectional study; the data were collected by the judicial processes by the RedCap platform and were analyzed in the SPSS, according to a stratified analysis. Sociodemographic variables and criminal process variables were evaluated. Qualitative approach was carried out through an exploratory study, with 18 semi-structured interviews -nine black women and ninewhite women. The interviews were analyzed according to Bardin\'s content analysis and the women\'s critical paths, which were schematized. RESULTS: Women up to 11years of schooling asked more for protective measures (p = 0.004), and among those, Black women even more (p = 0.026). It is observed that less educated Black women are also the ones that least attend the multi-professional service offered by VVDF (p = 0.039).In addition, it was observed that White women had more sentenced cases (p = 0.012) in addition to a shorterprocess time (p = 0.018). The flow chart of the critical paths shows that the interviewed Black women experienced more episodes of institutional violence and received less information in the services. Such questions resulted in a more tortuous path and more passages by institutions,searching for the guarantee of living a life without violence. Black women recognize racism, as well as other axés of oppression in their route.It was also observed that White women interviewed do not recognize racism as a barrier for Black women have their rights guaranteed. DISCUSSION:Despite an important milestone in facing violence, the Maria da Penha Law did not guarantee equal access to women. The difference translated into inequality is perceived. It is essential to understand that the difference pointed out by this work among black and white women is not mere coincidence: it is structural racism guaranteeing the maintenance of an unequal society. CONCLUSIONS: By understanding that racism, sexism, and class prejudice shape our society and shape social relations, it is clear that public policy would never be universal unless it constructs concrete mechanisms to ensure equal access and rights

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