Il presente lavoro ha per oggetto l’attuazione coattiva del diritto di credito: un tema che può definirsi un classico della letteratura processualcivilistica e verrà analizzato dall’angolatura dei rapporti tra le parti. La struttura dello studio ruota attorno al concetto di «conflitto esecutivo», elaborato nel 1983 da Italo Andolina, nella sua monografia «Cognizione» ed «esecuzione forzata» nel sistema della tutela giurisdizionale. Il «conflitto esecutivo» è descritto dall’autore come la situazione di tensione tra creditore e debitore in seguito alla pronuncia di un provvedimento decisorio favorevole al primo; più precisamente, il contrasto è tra l’interesse dell’attore a vedere immediatamente soddisfatto il diritto vantato e quello del convenuto a che non sia possibile l’esecuzione forzata prima che la sentenza abbia raggiunto l’incontestabilità che solo il giudicato può conferirle. Lo studio si propone di dimostrare la spiccata attualità del concetto e di operare sul medesimo con un obiettivo duplice. In primo luogo, si intende aggiornarlo alla luce della normativa in vigore, riflettendo sulla sua estensione; più precisamente verrà dimostrato come il «conflitto» non animi solo la parte del procedimento compresa tra l’emanazione della sentenza di condanna e il suo passaggio in giudicato, ma si estenda alla fase precedente l’ottenimento del provvedimento esecutivo e finanche dopo la formazione della res iudicata. È possibile, infatti, isolare alcuni casi in cui la composizione della tensione tra le parti non si realizza e la dinamica conflittuale è anzi, destinata a ripetersi a parti invertite. Il caso è quello della riforma della sentenza di primo grado ormai eseguita, quando il debitore abbia esercitato una azione restitutoria. Parte del lavoro sarà pertanto dedicato al tema delle restituzioni in seguito a riforma della sentenza già eseguita, che viene così a saldarsi con la teorica del «conflitto esecutivo». In secondo luogo, si intende declinare il concetto elaborato da Italo Andolina in ottica europea e comparata. Quanto al diritto dell’Unione Europea, si opererà sul testo del Regolamento UE 1215/2012, ricercando una regola europea di composizione del «conflitto». Successivamente, impiegando il metodo della comparazione, si studieranno le modalità di soluzione del «conflitto esecutivo» in due Stati Membri dell’Unione Europea, Italia e Croazia, quando coinvolti in controversie cross-border.

This study sought to enrich the research in cross-border strategic brand alliance (SBA), an international business practice highly utilized today. In order to spread out the risk of competing in international markets, firms formed alliances with overseas counterparts. However, confusing positioning and inaccuracies in communication in cross-cultural settings reduced the success rate of these partnerships. The content analysis examined cross-border SBA advertisements to shed light on their communicational strategies. Taiwan and the US, representative of inherent cultural values in Eastern and Western countries, served as great research subjects for this comparative study. The findings suggested that cross-border SBA advertisements do not have significantly distinctive communication strategies except for the inherent difference in multi-national characteristics. However, cross-border SBA advertisements in both countries differ from generic advertisements documented in previous studies in terms of information cues, advertising appeals, and general communication strategies. The comparison between cross-border SBA advertisements was reflective of the cultural differences in these cultural contexts. In sum, cross-border SBA advertisements were embedded with stronger cultural distinctiveness and in need of special execution to integrate proper messages. / text

The purpose of this thesis is to present the main features of mediation with cross-border element, especially the most important aspects of relevant regulation in light of EU Mediation Directive 2008/52/EC ("Directive") and No. 202/2012 Coll. Act on Mediation and Change of Some Laws ("Mediation Act"). The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter's purpose is to define the main principle of mediation and its position within ADR system. The second chapter deals with principal questions of the relation between mediation and international private law. The third chapter discusses cardinal aspects of mediation according Directive, its reflection within national regulation, i.e. within Mediation Act and subsequent comparison with regulation of selected member states. For the purpose of the comparison mentioned above, I use quotations from corresponding laws of particular member states in English translation. The fourth chapter deals with the position and role of mediation within the area of international dispute resolution as well as a look at newly adopted ICC Mediation Rules.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Issao Takenouchi.pdf: 873574 bytes, checksum: 3107214bd8624b830f017c093e21ca11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-05 / The primary objective of this study is to examine the market reaction to cross-border acquisitions of Brazilian multinational emerging-companies (MECs). On this purpose, we examine 128 mergers and acquisitions announcements associated with 36 (MECs) during the sample period 2000 2011. The mergers and acquisitions announcements data come from the Thomson SDC Platinum database. On this dissertation was employed the event study methodology to measure the impact of the announcements on the value of acquiring firms. Herein were established as windows event, 11, 15 and 5 days; furthermore, as windows estimation, were adopted 120, 240 and 500 days. Resulting in a total of 1,140 analysis of merger and acquisition from the original sample. Thus, the results show that, on average, cross-border acquisitions of MECs do not create value to the acquirers. Moreover, in order to explore the influencing factors of the direction and magnitude of market reaction; herein, were deeply analyzed some explanatory variables based on Resource-based View (RBV) and the cross border acquisitions literature, through stratifying event studies results, applying ordinary least square regression, and besides, a non parametric statistical analysis; yclept, bootstrap. Thereby, the empirical findings provide evidence that economic distance, acquisitions on developed countries, past performance, firm size, periods of crises and recessions, serial acquirers, among others variables; as performance drivers for Brazilian s (MECs) cross-border acquisition / Este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a reação de mercado em aquisições internacionais (cross-border) realizadas por empresas brasileiras. Foram examinados 128 anúncios, públicos e concluídos, de fusões e aquisições (F&A) de 36 firmas brasileiras, no período de 2000 a 2011. Os dados de F&A foram obtidos da base de dados da Thomson SDC Platinum e foi utilizada a metodologia de estudo de eventos (MacKinlay, 1997; McWilliams & Siegel 1997), para mensurar o impacto resultante do anúncio de F&A sobre o valor de mercado da firma adquirente. Foram utilizados como janelas de evento (11, 15 e 5 dias) e, como janelas de estimação (120, 240 e 500 dias), resultando em um total de 1.140 análises de fusões e aquisições para a amostra da pesquisa. Como achado da pesquisa, foi encontrado que, na média, as aquisições internacionais não criaram valor para as firmas adquirentes brasileiras. Outrossim, com o intuito de verificar quais fatores influenciaram no desempenho das transações de aquisições cross border das empresas brasileiras, com base na literatura de Resource-based View (RBV) (Penrose, 1959; Aybar & Ficici, 2009; Gubbi et al., 2010), foram realizados estudos de eventos estratificados, regressão por mínimos quadrados ordinário e análise estatística não paramétrica bootstrap. Onde verificou-se que os fatores distância econômica, aquisição em país desenvolvido, desempenho passado, o tamanho da firma, períodos de crises e recessão, adquirentes seriais, entre outros; são variáveis direcionadoras para o desempenho em relação à reação de mercado a fusões e a aquisições cross-border realizadas por firmas brasileiras

This thesis deals with the topic of cross-border mergers in the Czech republic. In the introductory part, the expressions like merger, cross-border merger are explained and reasons and possible obstacles of the merger (cross-border mergers) execution described. In the following chapter, I mention the possibilities of cross-border mergers in the Czech republic up to now. The thesis also handles the influence of the Directive on cross-border mergers of limited lability companies and the Verdict of the European Court of Justice in the matter of sp. zn. C-411/03 SEVIC Systems AG on the final version of the new legal Act on Transformation of Companies and Cooperatives. In the next chapter, I deal with the legal, accounting and taxation aspects of the cross-border mergers under the current conditions and according to czech legislation. I also included a chapter about the control of mergers of competitors. The last chapter mentions a concrete example of the real first cross-border merger in the Czech republic.

The submitted thesis "Reteritorialization of the Austrian-Slovenian-Croatian border as a causal impact of the European integration process" analytically approaches the issue of the reterritorialization process within the state-centric, still valid Westphalian system. The topic of reterritorialization is important especially in the context of considering the spatial or territorial impacts of ongoing European integration. This integration can take the form of establishing so called Euroregions or cross-border cooperation. The territorial framework was chosen on the basis that Slovenia is one of the most typical border and contact social areas in Europe. This assumption was subsequently linked to the time perspective, when the above-mentioned three states joined the European Union at almost the same interval. Appropriate choice of territory and time framework in the work is the basis for the analysis of the impacts of the phenomenon of reterritorialization. The analytical part of the work is organized as a discursive analysis of texts whose authors are researchers from the university environment. As members of academia often have a direct impact on the local implementation of cohesion policy, the analysis is complemented with the interpretation of the results of thematic structured interviews. These...

This cumulative dissertation aims to complement existing literature with insights on two topics gaining strong importance in the Private Equity Industry: 1) cross-border investments and 2) co-investments with portfolio firm management in times of uncertainty. Results in paper on cross-border investments suggest that the physical presence of a local office of PE firms can actually make a difference for foreign investments. With a local office, operating performance of PE firms is higher after the buyouts. Local offices are especially beneficial for performance the higher the perceived foreignness between PE firm and portfolio firm is. In addition, PE firms increase deal flow after a local office opening, do less syndicates and have higher deal volumes. Respective results imply it is worth in future research to differentiate between pure cross-border deals and deals operated through a local office. The forth paper sheds light on the positive relationship between management buyouts (MBOs) and economic policy uncertainty. Analyses indicate that access to information is a relevant channel for higher propensity of MBOs in uncertain times.:1 Introduction 1.1 Trends in private equity industry 1.2 Overview of essays 2 The Cross-Border Buyout Next Door 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theoretical background 2.3 Data 2.4 Operating performance results 2.5 Insights from semi-structured interviews 2.6 Conclusion 3 Opening a Local Office - PE Firms' Engine for International Expansion? 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical background 3.3 Sample and data 3.4 Determinants of office openings 3.5 Impact of local offices 3.6 Conclusion 3.A Appendices 4 Entrepreneurial Activity in Times of Uncertainty: The Case of Management Buyouts 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature review and hypotheses 4.3 Material and methods 4.4 Results and discussion 4.5 Conclusions 4.A Appendices References

Problem: Communication is critical but neglected and underestimated by leaders during PAI, which is furthermore considered a key reason for acquisition failure. In connection to this problem is the lack of case studies conducted on cross-border M&amp;A. This study therefore attempts to bridge this gap by doing a qualitative multiple case study on four global Swedish cross-border acquirers. Purpose: This thesis investigates how Swedish cross-border acquirers utilize leadership communication in the execution of PAI, if there are key challenges within this scope and how they could be managed based on theoretical guidelines. Method: To achieve the purpose the method of this study is based on an explanatory abductive approach with an interpretivist research paradigm. Furthermore, qualitative research has been conducted in the form of collecting primary data through semi-structured interviews with five firm leaders with experience of PAI working for global Swedish cross-border acquirers. Furthermore, this study includes a pre-study on management consulting firms working with PAI. Secondary data is collected from annual reports and other information from the firms’ websites. Finally, the empirical findings are thematically analysed through testing the conceptual framework. Results: The results of this study highlights implications in the form of seven sub-themes needed to be managed by leaders utilizing communication for successful PAI. Furthermore, based on this sample, Swedish cross-border acquirers are generally equipped with how to utilize communication from leaders in PAI. However, results also highlight that neglecting PAI leads to negative results. / Problem: Kommunikation är kritiskt men försummat och underskattat av ledare under PAI, vilket dessutom anses vara en viktig anledning till förvärvsmisslyckande. I koppling till detta problem råder det även brist på fallstudier inom cross-border M&amp;A. Denna studie försöker därför fylla detta gap genom att genomföra en kvalitativ flerfallstudie på fyra globala svenska cross-border förvärvare. Syfte: Denna studie undersöker hur svenska cross-border förvärvare nyttjar ledarskapskommunikation vid genomförandet av PAI, om det finns nyckelutmaningar inom detta tillämpningsområde samt hur dessa kan hanteras baserat på teoretiska riktlinjer. Metod: För att uppnå syftet är metoden i denna studie baserad på ett förklarande abduktivt tillvägagångssätt med ett interpretivistiskt forskningsparadigm. Dessutom har kvalitativ forskning genomförts i form av insamling av primärdata genom utförandet av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem ledare med erfarenhet av PAI som arbetar för globala svenska cross-border förvärvare. Fortsättningsvis inkluderar denna studie en förstudie på managementkonsultbolag som arbetar med PAI. Sekundärdata har samlats in från årsredovisningar och annan information från firmornas hemsidor. Slutligen analyseras det empiriska resultatet i form av en tematisk analys genom att testa det konceptuella ramverket. Resultat: Resultaten av denna studie upplyser implikationer i form av sju underteman som behöver hanteras av ledare genom kommunikation för framgångsrik PAI. Vidare, baserat på detta urval av svenska cross-border förvärvare är att de är generellt välrustade med hur de kan hantera kommunikation från ledare inom PAI. Dock visar resultatet även på att försummad PAI leder till negativa resultat. / <p>One respondent opted to not take part of the study just prior to publication. This means that the uploaded version of this thesis is without one of the case firms.</p><p>En respondent valde att inte vara en del av studien precis innan publicering. Detta innebär att den uppladdade versionen av detta examensarbete är utan ett fallföretag.</p>

Kateřina Papežová, Collaboration of czech and austrian border regions after 1989 This diploma thesis deals with the topic of cooperation between border regions of the Czech Republic and Austria since the opening of the common border in 1989 until the Czech Republic's entering the European Union in 2004. The aim of the thesis is to observe the influence of the opening of the border on the regions and the development of the cooperation in the following years. The introduction presents the development of the interstate relations between the Czech Republic and Austria in 1989-2004. The following chapters focus on three areas of cooperation of border regions that have been selected in order to monitor the intensifying of the regional cross-border cooperation. The first chapter concentrates on the initial contacts between the inhabitants of the regions on the occasion of cross-border encounters and cultural events. It also deals with the positive and negative effects of opening the border for the border regions. In the second chapter, attention is given to the efforts of Czechs and Austrians living in the neighborhood of the border to understand each other, as well as to the prejudices and stereotypes that contributed to misunderstandings between the neighboring nations. The last chapter discusses the...

Having the author been involved in banking and finance for almost 25 years, this thesis intends to reflect on the role of banks with emphasis on cross border lending and credit rating, their effectiveness and the impacts of cultural differences. Perhaps this would not differ substantially from a researcher or a scholar, yet the exploratory approach taken in this research will be somewhat different as it deliberately seeks to answer a number of questions relevant to practitioners in today’s banking. In trying to achieve this goal, this thesis hopefully may find its way to international bankers wondering about the perspectives of their business in general and their profession in specific. It even may perhaps improve the understanding of their clients. The Basel committee which published the new Basel II framework on bank regulation and supervision was the result of long and careful discussions, wide consultations and comprehensive impact studies. Whereas Basel II covers the entire risk profile and supervision of financial institutions, this research is limited to the cross border lending by banks to companies and provides the views from both practicing international bankers and their customers on their 3 expectations regarding Basel II, credit rating and the relevance of context and culture differences. Bankers all over the world are being trained on how to read balance sheets, yet less attention is being paid as to by whom they are being created and how precisely these balance sheets came into existence, other than the accountancy standards applied. Bankers furthermore seem to agree on the fact that credit risks in large part are related to the management competencies, effective corporate governance and integrity of management and organization. The argument could be made that the assessment of management capabilities, governance and integrity may be hindered in those cases where the culture is little understood. In a three days conferences titled; “The Future of Relationship Banking”, 80 senior executives from international banks and large companies were gathered in Punta del Este, Uruguay and were asked to speak about these aspects. A transcript of the conference is provided as annex to this thesis (Annex 1) and serves to triangulate the findings of the research. Main findings of three management papers were presented by the researcher during the conference. A survey was performed during the conference and in addition, through an online survey, in total over 100 practitioners in the field participated in the survey. Results show a variation of conclusions, but very especially seem to confirm the view, contrary to the approach taken in Basel II, that cultural differences and context are felt to be highly relevant in cross border lending.