Three students work in a team in this research. With the impact of cross-strait direct flights on Penghu as the theme, they start their discussions from the sub-themes which include the economy, the society and the government. The team carries out cross-domain analysis in these different fields, using research methods stretching from regional science, management science and policy science, among others. The team applies the different methods to different fields of study. Regardless of the limitation of the locations and the departments, PAM and the output of cross-domain analysis (analysis of the economic fundamentals, time series analysis, horizontal analysis, and gravity model) are used as the input of judgment analysis (Social Judgment Theory, or SJT). The output of regional analysis and judgment analysis are used as the input of policy analysis (Interactive Management, or IM). The above is combined with Penghu¡¦s existing historical information to yield independent, objective, and credible data for cross-domain analysis. Combining resources including the people, the time, the place and the event, the method encompasses different levels and the participants¡¦ cognitive psychology so that the various powers can come together before they are optimized; a consensus is reached and the maximum value shared by the public is created. This study can be very close related to the livelihood of the citizenry of Penghu. The Interactive Management, or IM, of the policy analysis is applied, combined with Nominal Group Technique, or NGT, and Interpretive Structural Modeling, or ISM, as the methods of analysis. Approximately 26 representatives from various fields are invited to participate. The NGT procedure, from the identification, clarification to voting on the issues, to the comparison among different issues are all assisted with the ISM software to generate an enhanced structural diagram that is more clearly structured and easy to read. After the participants¡¦ deliberation and revision, twelve strategies regarding ¡§the Impact of Cross-strait Direct Flights on Penghu¡Xfrom an Economic Point of View¡¨ were proposed. To clarify the enhanced connections among policies, to bring about an enhanced structural relationship, and to set forth the priorities, goals and directions for each policy, the participants believe that the first task is to establish an effective and integrated platform between the central and local governments, which will help the planning and enforcement of cross-strait policies, as well as improve other policies. Considering the above, government agencies should always bear in mind what the public wants. They should take the public¡¦s needs into consideration and care for the people to widely promote dialogue platforms as public forum so as to realize a ¡§bottom up¡¨ approach and to listen to the opinions from the root of the society. Efforts should be made by all parties to respond to the need of globalization. The public should pay attention to and examine public affairs in both the private and the public arenas. We should have our eyes on the whole and deal with the details. Public opinions should be fully developed, the society should be given more wealth, and the social conditions should be cultivated so that the civil spirits can take root, the power of the civil society can emerge, and a civil-governed democracy can be realized.

Three students work in a team in this study. With the impact of cross-strait direct flights on Penghu as the theme, they start their discussions from the sub-themes which include the economy, the society and the government. The team applies other theoretical frameworks in earnest exploration of Penghu¡¦s potentials to underline Penghu¡¦s readiness for its future. The team applies different method to different fields of study. Regardless of the limitation of the locations and the departments, PAM and the output of cross-domain analysis (analysis of the economic fundamentals, time series analysis, horizontal analysis, and gravity model) are used as the input of judgment analysis (Social Judgment Theory, or SJT). The output of cross-domain analysis and judgment analysis are used as the input of policy analysis (Interactive Management, or IM). The above is combined with Penghu¡¦s existing historical information to yield independent, objective, and credible data for cross-domain analysis. Combining resources including the people, the time, the place and the event, the method encompasses all levels and the participants¡¦ cognitive psychology so that the various powers can come together before they are optimized; a consensus is reached and the maximum value shared by the public is created. The IM theoretical framework is applied to this study, where the livelihood of the Penghu people and how to improve the living standard of the people are discussed. The public forum acts as the platform for dialogue. Twenty-four representatives from various fields were invited to express their ideas in a sensible discussion, where they take in others¡¦ opinions and learn from one another in a forum that is both theoretical and practical. The Interactive Management, or IM, of the policy analysis is applied, combined with Nominal Group Technique, or NGT, and Interpretive Structural Modeling, or ISM, as the methods of analysis. The NGT procedure, from the identification, clarification to voting on the issues, to the comparison among different issues are all assisted with the ISM software to generate an enhanced structural diagram that is more clearly structured and easy to read. After the participants¡¦ deliberation and revision, twelve strategies regarding ¡§the Impact of Cross-strait Direct Flights on Penghu¡Xfrom an Economic Point of View¡¨ were proposed. To clarify the enhanced connections among policies, to bring about an enhanced structural relationship, and to set forth the priorities, goals and directions for each policy, the participants believe that the first task is to deal with the waste management of the county, to raise the public¡¦s environmental awareness, and to solve water-and-electricity-related issues, which will improve other policies. IV The leaders should always start from the people, listen to the people, speak out for the people and keep the people in mind. Just like Atem Ramsundersingh, a senior official in the Water Department at the World Bank, pointed out: in the development of Taiwan¡¦s sustainable policies, the leaders should listen to the voice from the root of the society by allowing the ¡§bottom up¡¨ approach as an effective method for people to voice their opinions in a deliberative democracy. Considering the above and in the hope of identifying an appropriate alternate solution that is comprehensive, sound and practical as a reference for upcoming researchers, it is suggested that the policymakers, when discussing cross-strait policies, should listen to the opinions of people in Penghu via various channels. Practices should complement the theoretical framework in a research for it to reap greater results, namely, the fostering of civil awareness, the improvement of the levels of a civil society, and the realization of civil governance.

With Taiwan¡¦s economic development, and the wave of globalization as the impetus, after the government¡¦s ¡§No haste, be patient¡¨ policy and the mini-three links, on the first day of April, 2007, Penghu saw the launch of the conditional mini-three links. As the government gradually carries out cross-strait opening-up policies, the ¡§direct flight¡¨ is likely to arrive in the foreseeable future. As a response to the likelihood of the ¡§direct flight¡¨, what kind of impact and challenges will it bring to the Penghu economy? How should people in Penghu face up to them? What kind of opinions and suggestions should be made heard to the different levels in the government and the civil society? Dialogue mechanisms such as Denmark¡¦s Consensus Conference and the ¡§bottom up¡¨ method promoted by the World Bank of central Europe, as well as the US-borne ¡§Interactive Management¡¨, or IM, are approaches in which a small group of people gather in a small seminar to listen to one another¡¦s opinions and needs, and to negotiate in order to reach a consensus. These advanced and effective ways for people to come up with strategies all seeks wide participation from the people as their foundation, through a ¡§bottom up¡¨ dialogue, to generate practical and effective strategies. This research, based on the Public Affairs Management, or PAM, utilizes Nominal Group Technique, or NGT, and Interpretive Structural Modeling, or ISM, as a discussion method of interactive management. Three students work in a team. With the impact of cross-strait direct flights to Penghu as the theme, they start their discussions from the sub-themes which include the economy, the society and the government. The team carries out cross-domain analysis in these different fields, using research methods stretching from regional science, management science, and policy science, among others. The team applies different methods to different fields of study. Regardless of the limitation of the location and the departments, PAM and the output of regional analysis (analysis of the economic fundamentals, time series analysis, horizontal analysis, and gravity model) are used as the input of judgment analysis (Social Judgment Theory, or SJT). The output of regional analysis and judgment analysis are used as the input of policy analysis (Interactive Management, or IM). The above is combined with Penghu¡¦s existing historical information to yield independent, objective and credible data for cross-domain analysis, which is used by the discussion participants in sensible reasoning. The data are also internalized in the IM discussion platform to ensure the effectiveness of the participants, to distinguish among different groups, and to connect resources including the people, the time, the IV place and the event, so that the participants could engage in an effective dialogue on an equal footing provided by the discussion platform, where they study the impact of direct flights on Penghu¡¦s economy. After discussions and voting in two interactive seminars, the participants chose and proposed twelve strategies regarding ¡§the Impact of Direct Flights on Penghu¡Xfrom an Economic Point of View.¡¨ The cross-domain research method, encompassing different levels and the participants¡¦ cognitive psychology, engages the participants in sensible discussions so that the various powers can come together before they are optimized. This helps foster the formation of civil awareness and raise the levels of the civil society, contributing greatly to the goal of civil governance.

Based on the Cross-Domain Analysis method of the ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework,¡¨ this study analyzed the the strategies and decisions of the sustainable development of the industrial park of the Kaohsiung Region. It combine the primary data , secondary data and the qualitative research,and compare with the results of the Cognitive Continuum Theory(CCT) and the Interactive Management,(IM), in order to understand the whole picture from some dimensions. At the end of the research, it can be agreed that the Cross-Domain Analysis method of the ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework¡¨ and solve the multiple opinions of diversified communities, through the ten stages of the method, we can clarified the questions and concluded the strategies. There are the conclusions of the study as the follows: (1) the study concluded the eight questions of the Sustainable Development of the Industrial Park of the Kaohsiung Region; (2) they are the key performance factors to reduce the gap of Kaohsiong and Taipei, and to enhance the relationship with the main-land China, they could promote the effiencies of the Kaohsiong Port and Kaohsiung Airport. (3) to examine the land-use of the industrial parts of Kaohsiong, and to upgrate the industrial typies could create more job opportunities;(4) to import new industries is the most important strategy; and the policy-maketing should add more the elements of the intuition; (5) it can concluded the ten strategies based on the Interactive Management(IM); (6) the first priority strategy is to establish the managerial mechanism of the cross-territories, in order to consolidate the efforts of the Central government and the Local government.

Public policies in a pluralistic society should be able to clarify and cope with the complicated nature of public issues dominated by ¡§multiple parties, multiple values, and subjective judgment.¡¨ (Farkas & Anderson, 1974) Therefore, instead of merely concluding with the outcome, we should also take input into account when evaluating resource allocation or assessing policy effectiveness. In addition, since the public and the government differ in their judgment criteria and indicators, and multiple parties also have different understandings, the controversy of ¡§inequity¡¨ thus arises. In short, to conduct fairness measurement, we should focus on defining the parties as well as the input and outcome indicators. This research adopted the Public Affairs Management framework to analyze Cijin Seaside Park in Kaohsiung City and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf in New Taipei City. We have conducted a fairness measurement and cross-domain analysis to explore the equity perception in three aspects: economic equity, social fairness, and procedure justice. Moreover, we conducted a secondary data analysis, analyzed expert interviews, and generalized the carrier condition and factual judgment of the PAM framework. Furthermore, we explored the value judgment and interpersonal judgment in PAM framework with fairness measurement of the information integration theory. Our theory is based on the equity rule proposed by Anderson, which also emphasizes the individual and interpersonal comparison of individual input and outcome. Our results are demonstrated as follows: 1. In the individual value analysis of economic equity, both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf have over 10 local stores and tourists that fits one-factor rule of the tourist number factor. 2. In the individual value analysis of social fairness, Cijin Seaside Park has 10 local stores that support one-factor rule of the public support factor. However, Cijin Seaside Park has over eight tourists that fit the adding rule of public support factor and actual request factor, whereas Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf has over eight local stores and tourists that fit the same rule. 3. In individual value analysis of procedure justice, both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf have over 14 local stores and tourists that fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor and administrative cooperation factor. 4. In interpersonal comparison of economic equity, the experimental result shows that the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the integration of their tourist number factors. Also, the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the integration of their revenue (consumption) factors. Moreover, the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf both fit the adding rule of their respective tourist number factor and revenue (consumption) factor. This result also supports the ¡§rule of inequity integration.¡¨ 5. In interpersonal comparison of social fairness, the local stores in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the public support factor. They also fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the actual request factor. As for the tourists, those in both two places fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the public support factor. Also, they fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the actual request factor. 6. In interpersonal comparison of procedure justice, the local stores in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor. They also fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the administrative cooperation factor. As for the tourists, those in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor. Also, they fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the administrative cooperation factor. We continued to conduct a cross-domain analysis to integrate the above research results, as well as the results of secondary data analysis and expert interviews. As a result, we thereby propose related suggestions and generalize the operation steps of fairness measurement.

This study investigates how the public forum cognition of citizen affect their intension to attend public forum given researching methods of Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework (PAM) and Social Development Matrix(SDM). Based on PAM, we analysed the meaning of citizen governance and the role of citizen through real events, and discussed the cognition and psychological weights of our citizen to participate public forums. Through the analysis methods of literatures, this study summarized three factors that proposed by Ostrom(1990) - Institution, Commitment and Supervision, and then sequentially made the standard measurement divided into two levels by fair/unfair, high/low and valid/invalid. In this study, we focused on citizens who had participated in interactive management and chose Information Integration Theory (IIT) as our research method. Our research discussed that psychological weights of Institution, Commitment and Supervision, which defined three explanatory variables to estimate the public forum consciousness of citizens. By using SPSS and AVERAGE software, we computed the psychological weights of three factors and understood the attitudes of citizens toward public forum, furthermore, we compared the differences among the weights and offered suggestion and strategies of citizen governing in the future. The results are as following: 1. Compared to participants from traditional conservative society, our participants from highly developed multi-cultural society are more willing to attend public forums. 2. Participants of different backgrounds assess sequentially the importance of three factors by Supervision, Institution and Commitment. 3. Our results showed that the integrated information patterns(model) are all unequal weighted average pattern(model). 4. All three factors of our research are significant on dependent variable in main effects, two-factor interaction and three-factor interaction.

In the study, Cross-Domain analysis is used for ¡§Factual judgement, Value judgement and Interpersonal judgement.¡¨ The result of Factual judgement is made by the interviews of seven retired officers, scholars and experts. And it proceeds as ¡§true¡¨ judgement. Value judgement is indicated by in-depth intervuews with 3 representatives to obtain the ¡§good¡¨ judgement. Interpersonal judgement is based on overall strategies of the ¡§interactive management research group¡¨ and combines it with the perpectives of all patrties, as individuals and as groups, to conclude the ¡§beautiful¡¨ judgement. All the judgements are correspomded to the analysis of the analysis of the constitution, cognitive and conditions of the research topics. In order to have effective controls of all judgement factors, the interview topics are designed from the study of Mainland China1978 reform, and the rapid economic development, the double digit military spending, and the discussion of ¡§China threat theory¡¨, and the discussion by both sides leaders, academia to establish ¡§Military Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs)¡¨ in the PAM Framemork. The 10 steps of Cross-Domain analysis are used to clarify all studied objects and factors in order to obtain the recognition of experts. The practical policy suggestions are expected. Under PAM Framework, factual judgement perspective, majority of scholars and retired officers agree the necessary to establish ¡§Military Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs)¡¨. However due to the lack of political trust, time is not yet ripe. Retired officers suggest communication through media may solve the obstacles that impacted by the political environment in southern regions. Scholars have proposed that the southern people are affected by their own political inclinaitions, as well as the idea of their supported parties. From non-government exchange to government exchange, the recognition by people can be achieved by understanding the cultural difference and proceed to political and military trust. In vaule judgement, representatives realized the topic is involved in cross-strait relationship, political and military aspect and the uncertainty of policy. Therefore, they all took a more conservative point of view. However, they all agree that MCBMs should be based on the removal of missiles, and follow by the current policy ¡§economy first, political after¡¨ to establish non-government exchange. Due to state of hostility, it is recommended to start from oversea activities such as sea rescue and anti-piracy project. Work from political trust toward military trust. In interpersonal judgemant, a NGT and ISM two stages seminar is held by the ¡§interactive management research group¡¨. The participants voted through a weighted method to conclude 12 specific strategies to establish MCBMs. The strategies are summarized as follow: 1. Removed the missile targeting Taiwan from Mainland China to show the premise of MCBMs. 2. Provide National defense information for each party, to promote cross-strait arms information transparence, and eliminate ideological confrontation. 3. The establishment of cross-strait joint rescue mechanism. 4. The establishment of hotline for leader on both side. 5. The establishment of regular exchange visits of high level military decision makers on both sides. 6. The establishment of cross-strait military information interaction and communication platform. 7. The establishment of oversight system for MCBMs, such as supervised NGO consists of globally well-known and remarkable Cninese accepted by both sides. 8. From civil to government organization to held cross-strait military academic exchange and conference. 9. Showing grace by military budget and arm reduction. 10. Clarify the content of MCBMs. Develop cross-strait affairs negotiators. 11. Signing peace treaty to end hostile confrontation. 12.A nuclear, chemical and biological regulation treaty signed by both sides. In short, use the cross-domain analysis result to study the possibilities and challenges that might happen during the establishment of MCBMs. The following 5 recommendations can be used for future policy execution reference: 1. Strengthen the policy advocacy, public forums and policy discussion to enhance citizens¡¦ identity. 2. Strengthen cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges to relieve hostile condition. 3. Use ¡§1992 Consensus¡¨ as framework to establish political mutual trust. 4. Establish communication platform to eliminate speculations on both sides. 5. Deepen collaborative platform and signed a peace treaty.