The aim of this study was to explore the perceived multicultural disability competence of master’s-level counseling students in CACREP-accredited programs given their disability-related life experience(s) and multicultural counseling course completion and to assess the extent to which the topic of ability/disability is addressed in multicultural counseling coursework. Participants (n = 285) were electronically surveyed using the Counseling Clientswith Disabilities Survey (CCDS; Strike, 2001) and a researcher developed biographical questionnaire. Collectively, study results indicated that both disability-related life experience(s) and multicultural counseling course completion positively impacted participant perceived multicultural disability competence. However, disability-related life experience(s) seemed to have a greater level of impact and significantly predicted self-awareness, perceived knowledge, and perceived skills. Results of this study indicated that the topic of ability/disability or persons with disabilities is given less attention than other topics covered in multicultural counseling courses within CACREP-accredited programs.

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Iconography has the capability to memorialize and guarantee one's place in history; iconography can also provide powerful insight into human culture, and explore social and cultural values in a visual manner. Iconography can incorporate information about group identities, allegiances, religious affiliations, propaganda, and acceptance within both modern and ancient societies. By studying a specific iconographic figure, the Central Mexican god Tlaloc, as a visual representation of a belief or identity, we can glean a greater understanding of the cultural transmission of iconographic symbols. The substantial use of this icon, in both Central Mexico and the Maya region, reveals iconography as capable of being catalogued and traced over space and time to interpret meaning. With these goals in mind, this research project focuses on the iconographic representations of the Central Mexican god Tlaloc in the Maya region. It was during the Early Classic Period (A.D. 250-550) that Tlaloc transcended the boundaries of Central Mexico and was adopted into Maya ideology. During the Late Classic Period (A.D.550-900), a 'Maya Tlaloc' was established and used to express ideologies depicting warfare and ritual activity. The adoption of Tlaloc imagery among the ancient Maya ultimately holds significant value to understanding Maya ideology and religion as well as facilitates an understanding of wide-scale interactions with Central Mexico.

This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.

Esta pesquisa analisa a historiografia que abordou a formação das culturas afro-americanas e os intercâmbios culturais entre africanos e euro-americanos, mostrando como ela tem sido marcada por uma coexistência contraditória de premissas universalistas e particularistas a respeito da natureza da cultura. Tais contradições já podem ser observadas na antropologia culturalista de Franz Boas, que desliza entre duas definições de cultura por um lado, como um espírito orgânico e estável e, por outro, como um agregado histórico e dinâmico de costumes e ideias , apontando a permanência e a mudança como aspectos simultâneos dos contatos culturais. Melville Herskovits fundamentou-se na obra boasiana e herdou essas contradições ao realizar seu estudo sobre as culturas afro-americanas, representando-as simultaneamente como uma aculturação, na chave da descontinuidade com o passado, e como uma preservação de africanismos, na chave da continuidade com as culturas africanas. Tais dificuldades desdobram-se até o debate contemporâneo em torno do conceito de crioulização e da obra de Mintz e Price, que descreve das culturas afro-americanas ressaltando ao mesmo tempo a criatividade e a sobrevivência de estruturas africanas. Autores filiados à chamada corrente afrocêntrica tentaram resolver esses impasses minimizando a transformação e privilegiando a continuidade com o passado, no que intensificaram o dualismo implícito na vertente particularista de análises anteriores. Uma outra tradição de estudos sobre os intercâmbios culturais em sociedades coloniais incluindo autores como Gilberto Freyre, Fernando Ortiz e outros associados ao pensamento pós-colonial desenvolveu um modelo conceitual distinto, centrando-se nas ambivalências e inversões presentes na dimensão afetiva dos contatos culturais. Com isso, esses autores compreenderam o intercâmbio cultural a partir de uma lógica dialética, desconstruindo raciocínios dualistas, abraçando o caráter autocontraditório dos fenômenos e propondo, assim, uma alternativa teórica aos modelos herdados do culturalismo antropológico. / This work analyses the historiography which has studied the formation of African-American cultures and the cultural exchange between Africans and Euro-Americans, sustaining that it has been characterized by a contradictory coexistence of universalistic and particularistic presuppositions about the nature of culture. These contradictions can already be observed in Franz Boass Anthropological culturalism, which moves between two definitions of culture on the one hand, as an organic and stable spirit and, on the other hand, as a historical and dynamic aggregate of customs and ideas , indicating permanence and transformation as simultaneous aspects of cultural contact. Melville Herskovits was grounded on Boass ideas and inherited these contradictions when he studied African-American cultures, representing them simultaneously as an acculturation, focusing a discontinuous relation with the past, and as a preservation of africanisms, stressing a continuous relation with African cultures. These difficulties have unfolded themselves up to the contemporary debate about the concept of creolization and Mintz and Prices work, which describes African-American cultures focusing cultural creativity and the survival of African structures at the same time. Authors of the so-called afrocentric perspective have tried to solve this impasse by minimizing transformations and stressing continuity with the past. By doing so, they have intensified the dualism implicit on the particularistic arguments of previous analyses. Another tradition of studies about cultural exchange in colonial societies including authors such as Gilberto Freyre, Fernando Ortiz and others associated to post-colonial thought has developed a different conceptual model, which focuses on the ambivalences and inversions that can be observed on the affective dimensions of cultural contacts. These authors have interpreted cultural exchange through a dialectical logic, deconstructing dualistic thoughts, embracing the self-contradictory nature of the fenomena, and thus indicating a theorical alternative to the models inherited from anthropological culturalism.

Esta pesquisa analisa a historiografia que abordou a formação das culturas afro-americanas e os intercâmbios culturais entre africanos e euro-americanos, mostrando como ela tem sido marcada por uma coexistência contraditória de premissas universalistas e particularistas a respeito da natureza da cultura. Tais contradições já podem ser observadas na antropologia culturalista de Franz Boas, que desliza entre duas definições de cultura por um lado, como um espírito orgânico e estável e, por outro, como um agregado histórico e dinâmico de costumes e ideias , apontando a permanência e a mudança como aspectos simultâneos dos contatos culturais. Melville Herskovits fundamentou-se na obra boasiana e herdou essas contradições ao realizar seu estudo sobre as culturas afro-americanas, representando-as simultaneamente como uma aculturação, na chave da descontinuidade com o passado, e como uma preservação de africanismos, na chave da continuidade com as culturas africanas. Tais dificuldades desdobram-se até o debate contemporâneo em torno do conceito de crioulização e da obra de Mintz e Price, que descreve das culturas afro-americanas ressaltando ao mesmo tempo a criatividade e a sobrevivência de estruturas africanas. Autores filiados à chamada corrente afrocêntrica tentaram resolver esses impasses minimizando a transformação e privilegiando a continuidade com o passado, no que intensificaram o dualismo implícito na vertente particularista de análises anteriores. Uma outra tradição de estudos sobre os intercâmbios culturais em sociedades coloniais incluindo autores como Gilberto Freyre, Fernando Ortiz e outros associados ao pensamento pós-colonial desenvolveu um modelo conceitual distinto, centrando-se nas ambivalências e inversões presentes na dimensão afetiva dos contatos culturais. Com isso, esses autores compreenderam o intercâmbio cultural a partir de uma lógica dialética, desconstruindo raciocínios dualistas, abraçando o caráter autocontraditório dos fenômenos e propondo, assim, uma alternativa teórica aos modelos herdados do culturalismo antropológico. / This work analyses the historiography which has studied the formation of African-American cultures and the cultural exchange between Africans and Euro-Americans, sustaining that it has been characterized by a contradictory coexistence of universalistic and particularistic presuppositions about the nature of culture. These contradictions can already be observed in Franz Boass Anthropological culturalism, which moves between two definitions of culture on the one hand, as an organic and stable spirit and, on the other hand, as a historical and dynamic aggregate of customs and ideas , indicating permanence and transformation as simultaneous aspects of cultural contact. Melville Herskovits was grounded on Boass ideas and inherited these contradictions when he studied African-American cultures, representing them simultaneously as an acculturation, focusing a discontinuous relation with the past, and as a preservation of africanisms, stressing a continuous relation with African cultures. These difficulties have unfolded themselves up to the contemporary debate about the concept of creolization and Mintz and Prices work, which describes African-American cultures focusing cultural creativity and the survival of African structures at the same time. Authors of the so-called afrocentric perspective have tried to solve this impasse by minimizing transformations and stressing continuity with the past. By doing so, they have intensified the dualism implicit on the particularistic arguments of previous analyses. Another tradition of studies about cultural exchange in colonial societies including authors such as Gilberto Freyre, Fernando Ortiz and others associated to post-colonial thought has developed a different conceptual model, which focuses on the ambivalences and inversions that can be observed on the affective dimensions of cultural contacts. These authors have interpreted cultural exchange through a dialectical logic, deconstructing dualistic thoughts, embracing the self-contradictory nature of the fenomena, and thus indicating a theorical alternative to the models inherited from anthropological culturalism.

La culture urukéenne de la Mésopotamie du Sud a fait l’objet de multiples analyses afin d’interpréter ses contacts au 4e millénaire. La découverte d'un nombre important de matériel de facture urukéenne sur les sites de la Mésopotamie du Nord a conduit les archéologues à proposer que cette présence était le résultat d'une expansion urukéenne dans cette région. Or, l'utilisation de théories anthropologiques pour l'étude archéologique des contacts culturels permet d'explorer d'autres formes de contact et de proposer l’hypothèse selon laquelle le matériel urukéen découvert en Mésopotamie du Nord est le fruit de la volonté des élites nord-mésopotamiennes visant des intérêts politiques, économiques et sociaux. L'émulation des dirigeants nord-mésopotamiens, qui veulent profiter de la puissance des Urukéens pour renforcer leur statut, ne peut qu'être le résultat d'un compromis entre les élites des deux régions qui y trouvent chacun leurs intérêts. / The urukeen culture of South Mesopotamia has been the subject of many studies to interpret its contacts in 4th millennium B.C. The important number of urukeen material discovered on many sites of northern Mesopotamia has led to the conclusion that this presence was the result of an urukeen expansion in this region. However, the use of anthropological theories for the archaeological study of cultural contacts enables to explore other forms of contact and to propose the hypothesis according to which the urukeen material discovered in these sites is the result of the will of the northern Mesopotamian leaders to reach political, economic and social advantages. The leaders emulation, who want to take advantage of the urukeen power to consolidate their status, is the result of a compromise between the elites of these two regions allowing both parties to find their interests.

Petra Janouchová - Hellenisation of Ancient Thrace based on epigraphical evidence Abstract: More than 4600 inscriptions in the Greek language come from Thrace, the area located in the Southeastern Balkan Peninsula. These inscriptions provide socio-demographic data, allowing the study of changing behavioural patterns in reaction to cross-cultural inter- actions. Traditionally, one of the essential indications of the influence of the Greek culture on the population of ancient Thrace was the practice of commissioning inscriptions in the Greek language. By using quantitative and systematic analysis, the inscriptions can be studied from a new perspective that places them into broader regional context. I use this methodology to assess the concept of Hellenization as one of the possible interpretative frameworks for the study of ancient society. Using a spatiotemporal analysis of inscrip- tions, this research shows that epigraphic production cannot be solely linked with the cultural and political influence of Greek speaking communities. However, the phenome- non of epigraphic production is closely connected to the growth of social complexity and consequent changes in the behavioural patterns of the population. The growth in social complexity is followed by an increase of epigraphic production of public and private...

Dans cette recherche, nous analyserons les dynamiques des contacts culturels entre les Québécois et les Latino-Américains, dans le but d'étudier la production et le développement d'une identité latino-québécoise surgie des processus de reconfiguration d’identité. Nous montrons comment les éléments culturels de ces deux groupes sont présentés et mis en relation dans une littérature d’origine latino-américaine produite au Québec, à partir de quelques analyses de l’écriture migrante (Moisan, 2008; Dupuis, 2006; 2005; Chartier, 2002). Pour ce faire, nous examinons les trois œuvres de notre corpus individuellement, en identifiant une problématique de l’écriture migrante dans chaque œuvre, selon l’approche littéraire. D’abord, pour la nouvelle « Le pays du Nord extrême » de Roberto Angulo (2015), nous analysons la création des personnages en abordant des questions telles que l’identification (Acha, 1996), l'altérité et la double appartenance (Bhabha, 1943). Ensuite, nous examinons la construction de l'espace dans la formation de l'identité du protagoniste migrant de la nouvelle « Côte-des-Neiges » de Gerardo Ferro (2016), en abordant les concepts du chronotope (Bakhtin, 1989), du lieu habité (Harel, 2005) et de l’espace social (Bourdieu, 1994). Finalement, à travers de la théorie du roman (Eikhenbaum, 1965) et de concepts comme les espaces interstitiels (Bhabha, 1943) et la transculturation (Rama, 2004), nous étudions les processus de rupture et de négociation de la société québécoise dans le roman Côte-des-Nègres de Mauricio Segura (2003). Cette mémoire focalise certains dynamiques du contact culturel qui favorisent et problématisent les processus de reconfiguration d’identité de la population migrante latinoaméricaine au Québec. Dans ce sens, elle cherche à exposer de nouvelles formes d’identification culturelle. / This work analyzes the dynamics of the cultural contact between Québec and Latin America in order to study the production and development of a Latin-Quebecer identity based on the processes of reconfiguration of identity. Likewise, it studies how literary texts of Latin-American origin produced in Quebec present and intertwine the cultural elements of these two groups, in dialogue with existing analyses of migrant writing (Moisan, 2008; Dupuis, 2006; Chartier, 2002). Therefore, individualized analyses of the three works of our corpus focus on distinct issues relating to migrant writing. First, in the short story “El país de los hiperbóreos” by Roberto Angulo (2015), we analyze how characters were created to address processes of identity formation (Acha, 1996), alterity and the sense of a double belonging (Bhabha, 2007). Second, in the Gerardo Ferro’s short story “Côte-des-Neiges” we focus on how space is represented, and its correlation to the development of the migrant’s identity, in dialogue with the concepts of chronotope (Bajtín, 1989), habitable place (Harel, 2005) and social space (Bourdieu, 1994). Lastly, with Mauricio Segura’s novel Côte-des-Nègres (2003), we draw on theories of the novel (Eikhenbaum, 1965), transculturation (Rama, 2004) and interstitial spaces (Bhabha, 2007), to focus on processes of rupture and negotiation in Quebec society. This research project aims to outline some dynamics of cultural contact that favor or obstruct the processes of reconfiguring the identities of the Latin-American migrant population in Quebec. / En este trabajo analizamos las dinámicas de contacto cultural entre quebequenses y latinoamericanos, con el fin de estudiar la producción y el desarrollo de una identidad Latino-quebequense basada en procesos de reconfiguración de identidad. Exponemos cómo los elementos culturales de estos dos grupos son presentados y puestos en relación en una literatura de origen latinoamericano producida en Quebec, a la luz de algunos análisis de la escritura migrante (Moisan, 2008; Dupuis, 2006; Chartier, 2002). Así pues, realizamos un estudio de manera individual sobre las tres obras que componen nuestro corpus, intentando identificar una problemática de la escritura migrante en cada obra, según una aproximación literaria. Primero, para el cuento «El país de los hiperbóreos» de Roberto Angulo (2015) analizamos la creación de personajes abordando cuestiones como identificación (Acha, 1996), alteridad y sentido de doble pertenencia (Bhabha, 2007). Luego, en el cuento «Côte-des-Neiges» de Gerardo Ferro (2016) examinamos la presentación del espacio y su correspondencia con la formación de identidad del sujeto migrante, apoyados en los conceptos de cronotopo (Bajtín, 1989), lugar habitado (Harel, 2005) y espacio social (Bourdieu, 1994). Por último, sirviéndonos de la teoría de la novela (Eikhenbaum, 1965), de la transculturación (Rama, 2004) y de los espacios intersticios (Bhabha, 2007), estudiamos en la novela Côte-des-Nègres de Mauricio Segura (2003) los procesos de ruptura y negociación que se producen en la representación de la sociedad quebequense. Esta investigación busca destacar algunas dinámicas del contacto cultural que favorecen y obstaculizan los procesos de reconfiguración de identidad de la población migrante latinoamericana en Quebec exponiendo nuevas formas de identificación cultural.

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