A presente tese apresenta uma análise das relações entre três novelas de João Guimarães Rosa e o veículo que lhes serviu de suporte, a revista Senhor, publicada entre março de 1959 e março de 1964. O objetivo é propor uma interpretação de A simples e exata estória do burrinho do Comandante, Meu tio o Iauaretê e A estória do Homem do Pinguelo, que vieram a compor o póstumo Estas estórias, à luz de uma poética cultural, a que vigorou no período da construção e inauguração de Brasília. O discurso cultural que caracteriza a era de Juscelino Kubitschek pauta-se pelas ideias de desenvolvimento, modernização e integração. A revista Senhor é ícone dessa era, e reuniu em suas páginas o que era sinônimo de novidade, sem deixar de ser brasileira. Como ocorre com os textos publicados pela revista, a obra de Rosa compõe parte desse discurso cultural, na medida em que o projeto literário do autor tem o dialogismo, uma forma de integração, como pilar central. Os lugares tanto da revista quanto do autor no campo literário são considerados para se veja neles uma convergência, e para que se os considere como partes constituintes de um mesmo discurso. / This thesis presents an analysis of the relationship between three of João Guimarães Rosas stories and the communication vehicle that served them as support, the Senhor magazine, published from March, 1959 up to March 1964. The main objective is to propose an interpretation of A simples e exata estória do burrinho do Comandante Meu tio o Iauaretê and A estória do Homem do Pinguelo, stories which would compose the post-mortem Estas estórias, under the light of a poetics of culture, considering the years of construction and inauguration of Brasília. During the Juscelino Kubitschek era, the cultural discourse is based on the ideas of development, modernization and integration. Senhor is an icon of said era, and compiled within its pages what was synonym of news, while never setting aside its Brazilian nature and origin. Rosas work configures as part of that cultural discourse, as it occurred with the texts published by the magazine, for the authors literary project has the dialogism, a means of integration, as its central foundation. The positions of both artist and magazine in the literary field are considered so that a convergence is possible to be identified between them, and in order for them to be seen as pieces of an one, common discourse.

A presente tese apresenta uma análise das relações entre três novelas de João Guimarães Rosa e o veículo que lhes serviu de suporte, a revista Senhor, publicada entre março de 1959 e março de 1964. O objetivo é propor uma interpretação de A simples e exata estória do burrinho do Comandante, Meu tio o Iauaretê e A estória do Homem do Pinguelo, que vieram a compor o póstumo Estas estórias, à luz de uma poética cultural, a que vigorou no período da construção e inauguração de Brasília. O discurso cultural que caracteriza a era de Juscelino Kubitschek pauta-se pelas ideias de desenvolvimento, modernização e integração. A revista Senhor é ícone dessa era, e reuniu em suas páginas o que era sinônimo de novidade, sem deixar de ser brasileira. Como ocorre com os textos publicados pela revista, a obra de Rosa compõe parte desse discurso cultural, na medida em que o projeto literário do autor tem o dialogismo, uma forma de integração, como pilar central. Os lugares tanto da revista quanto do autor no campo literário são considerados para se veja neles uma convergência, e para que se os considere como partes constituintes de um mesmo discurso. / This thesis presents an analysis of the relationship between three of João Guimarães Rosas stories and the communication vehicle that served them as support, the Senhor magazine, published from March, 1959 up to March 1964. The main objective is to propose an interpretation of A simples e exata estória do burrinho do Comandante Meu tio o Iauaretê and A estória do Homem do Pinguelo, stories which would compose the post-mortem Estas estórias, under the light of a poetics of culture, considering the years of construction and inauguration of Brasília. During the Juscelino Kubitschek era, the cultural discourse is based on the ideas of development, modernization and integration. Senhor is an icon of said era, and compiled within its pages what was synonym of news, while never setting aside its Brazilian nature and origin. Rosas work configures as part of that cultural discourse, as it occurred with the texts published by the magazine, for the authors literary project has the dialogism, a means of integration, as its central foundation. The positions of both artist and magazine in the literary field are considered so that a convergence is possible to be identified between them, and in order for them to be seen as pieces of an one, common discourse.

Depuis quelque temps, au Japon, on utilise de plus en plus le terme « Kansaï » pour désigner la région du Kinki (littéralement « le voisinage de la capitale »). Cette thèse propose d’analyser l’émergence de cette entité régionale et de son discours culturel dans le but de pallier le manque de recherches antérieures sur la diversité socioculturelle et le régionalisme au Japon. Il y existe, d’une part, une volonté de considérer le Japon comme une entité homogène, et d’autre part, un contexte dans lequel le Japon lui-même prône l’homogénéité de son peuple. Historiquement, ces énoncés ont été réfutés à plusieurs reprises par différents chercheurs et organismes. Entre-temps, sur le plan régional, la diversité devient de moins en moins clairement observable dû à l’urbanisation, aux moyens de transport, à la migration interne et au développement des médias de masse. Cette situation à l'époque post-industrielle a engendré aujourd’hui le discours régionaliste du Kansaï. Dans ce contexte, cette étude porte spécifiquement sur le discours culturel concernant la région et la population du Kansaï, c’est-à-dire la région Kinki, où étaient situés les anciennes capitales et le berceau de l’État japonais du Yamato. On observe une modification et une transformation de cette région depuis l’époque Tokugawa. À partir de l’époque Meiji, l'intégration spatiale de l’archipel japonais est devenue indissociable de l’émergence de l’État soi-disant « moderne ». En outre, une distinction existe toujours entre le Japon de l’Ouest (Kansaï) et le Japon de l’Est (Kantō) qui repose sur des différences de coutumes et de mentalités, ainsi que sur des variations linguistiques : une dichotomie mieux représentée de nos jours par l’opposition entre les villes d’Osaka et de Tokyo. Aujourd’hui, le Japon permettre une centralisation continuelle à Tokyo et l’équilibre du pouvoir sur le plan économique s’en trouve fragilisé. Dans cette thèse, j’examine l’émergence de l’entité Kansaï dans ce contexte socio-économique, depuis l’arrivée du phénomène que les Kansaïens appellent « l’affaissement de terrain » du Kansaï, le jibanchinka, jusqu’aux revendications récentes pour l’introduction d’un système quasi-fédéraliste, le dōshū-sei, dans le contexte du développement régional déséquilibré du pays. En m'appuyant sur mon enquête effectuée sur terrain auprès des gens du Kansaï, je soutiens que leur discours régionaliste est bel et bien existant, mais ne repose pas sur l’homogénéité de la région. Il repose plutôt sur la position du Kansaï en tant qu’antithèse à la tendance centralisatrice perçue par les Kansaïens comme étant plutôt de nature tokyoïte. Leur discours met l’accent sur la diversité existant à l’intérieur même de la région tout en soulignant que celle-ci constitue l’entité kansaïenne. Mots-clés : Japon, Kinki, Kansai, Osaka, Nihonjinron, région, villes, discours culturel, État-nation, multiculturalisme, Oda Sakunosuke, Tanizaki Jun’ichiro. / In recent times, we hear more and more the word "Kansai" to designate the Japanese region of Kinki (literally ‘the neighborhood of the capital’). This thesis proposes to analyze the emergence of this regional entity and its cultural discourse to compensate for the lack of previous research on the socio-cultural variety and the regionalism of Japan. In the current situation, on one hand, some wish to consider Japan as a homogenous entity, and on the other hand, Japan it-self considers its people as homogenous. Historically, these views were refuted several times by researchers and organisms. In the meantime, the regional variation becomes less and less clearly observable because of the urbanization, the progress made in transportation systems, the internal migration and the development of mass media. It is in this post-industrial era however that the regionalist discourse of Kansaï emerged. In this context, this study focuses on the cultural discourse regarding the region and the people of Kansai, that is the Kinki region, where were situated the old capitals and the cradle of the Yamato state, and on which one observes an alteration and a transformation of its description starting at the Tokugawa era. Since Meiji era, the spatial integration of the Japanese archipelago has become inseparable from the emergence of the so-called "modern" state. In addition, a division between Western Japan (Kansai) and Eastern Japan continues to exist for their differences in customs, linguistic variations and mentality: a dichotomy better represented by the current opposition between the cities of Osaka and Tokyo. Today, Japan experiences a continual centralization around Tokyo and the balance of power on the economic level is being undermined. I examine the emergence of the Kansai entity by analyzing its economic and social context, from the arrival of the phenomenon the Kansaï people call jibanchinka (the "land subsidence" of Kansaï) until the recent demands for the introduction of a quasi-federalism system called dōshū-sei in the context of unbalanced regional development of Japan. Resting on my investigation carried out in Kansai, I argue that their regionalist aspiration exists, but does not stand for the homogeneity of the region as a whole. Rather, they ground on its position as an antithesis to the centralizing approach they perceive as being rather Tokyoite in nature. Their discourse inevitably emphasizes the variety existing within the region itself, while underlining the fact that this is what constitutes the Kansai.

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