No description available.

In this study I compared independence and interdependence in Canadian (N = 43) and South Asian immigrant mothers (N =49) and their children (Canadian: N = 44, South Asian: N = 47), living in Edmonton, which is an Anglophone city in Western Canada. Canada and South Asia have been classified as individualistic and collectivistic cultures respectively (Hofstede, 1980). I used self-report measures to assess mothers inter/independence orientations on several dimensions, namely family allocentrism, Asian values, self-construal, traditionalism and modernity. In addition, I assessed socialization for independence or interdependence in a story-telling task with mothers and children. I found that South Asians were more interdependent in private domains such as family relations and independent in public domains such as employment and education. Mothers in both cultures gave importance to the development of independence as well as interdependence in their children. However, in the story-telling task, South Asian mothers encouraged more interdependence than Canadian mothers. South Asian children also showed more interdependent orientations than Canadian children. This study demonstrates that a domain-specific description best explains peoples independence and interdependence. In addition, this study also emphasizes the utility of using a mixed methods approach to understand the socialization process.

Using a sample of 8th graders, the current study explored cultural socialization practices by families and peers, and investigated the link between family-peer incongruence in cultural socialization and adolescent adjustment. On average, peers engaged in less heritage cultural socialization but similar levels of mainstream cultural socialization than did youth's families. Incongruence in family and peer cultural socialization was associated with poor socioemotional and academic adjustment only when peers performed greater cultural socialization (either the heritage or mainstream culture) than their parents. The link between incongruence and socioemotional stress can be explained in part by adolescents' feelings of being caught between their families and peers. The detriments of feelings of being caught on school outcomes were buffered by adolescents' active coping and withdrawal, peer support, and similar feelings of being caught shared in the peer network. / text

The purpose of this life history study was to identify the experiences that influence the cultural socialization process of teachers and the factors that contribute to the effective instruction of students of color. Six female teachers who are currently assigned to third, fourth, or fifth grade students in elementary schools participated in this research project. Their experiences range from the second year in the classroom to thirteen years of teaching, and they have all had assignments as language arts teachers. Data for this qualitative research was collected from two face-to-face interviews, principals’ written descriptions about classroom environments, and participant observations. The interviews were transcribed from audio cassettes and the data was analyzed using Burke’s Pentadic Analysis, Linde’s Creation of Coherence and features from Spradley’s Participant Observation. Each teacher claimed unique lived experiences, but there were similar threads of high teacher expectation, meeting the needs of students and affirming the cultural differences of the students of colors that were sewn together in all their narratives. The cultural socialization process of the participants was connected to pivotal events that were linked to creation of coherence in their lives. These epiphanies were identified in their earliest recollection and continued into their instructional practices. The findings of this study indicate that there are deep layers that can emerge when teachers reflect on the events that influence their effectiveness with students of color. The conclusions are that effective teachers of students of color are guided by an agenda that includes the multiple roles that they have to assume in order to achieve the goal of success for all their students. Recommendations for further research and implications for theory and practice were also discussed.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of family worldview and cultural socialization on indicators of positive youth development in American Indian youth. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine whether cultural socialization moderated the relationship between family worldview and indicators of positive development in American Indian youth as measured by ethnic identity, pro-social activity, positive family relationships, hope, self-regulation, and future orientation. Individual and family differences were also examined. Participants included a community sample of 311 American Indian children and youth from 174 American Indian families from three tribes in the Pacific Northwest. Results demonstrated that the amount of variance between families for each of the positive youth outcomes was significant enough to warrant hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Family worldview was not significantly related to any of the positive youth outcomes and when entered into the HLM models did not significantly explain any variation in mean scores between families. The relationship between cultural socialization and ethnic identity was significant and positive and when entered into the HLM models significantly explained 10% of the variation in mean scores between families. There was a significant difference between the ethnic identity scores of males and females, with females having a higher mean than males. Positive family relationship scores were negatively correlated with age. Older youth tended to report less positive family relationships than their younger counterparts. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

abstract: Neighborhoods are important aspects of the adolescent and family ecology. Cultural developmental perspectives posit that neighborhood environments contain both promoting and inhibiting characteristics for ethnic-racial minoritized populations (García Coll et al., 1996). Historically, neighborhood researchers have approached Latino neighborhoods from a deficit perspective. Thus, there is limited research about how Latino neighborhoods support Latino youth development and family processes. In my dissertation, I examine both the promoting and inhibiting aspects of Latino identified neighborhoods for adolescent development. In study 1, I prospectively examined a model in which Mexican-origin parents’ perceptions of social and cultural resources in neighborhoods may support parents to engage in higher levels of cultural socialization and, in turn, promote adolescents’ ethnic-racial identity (ERI). Findings suggest neighborhood social and cultural cohesion in late childhood promoted middle adolescents’ ERI affirmation via intermediate increases in maternal cultural socialization. Similar patterns were observed for ERI resolution, but only for adolescents whose mothers were born in the United States. Findings have critical implications for how neighborhoods support parents’ cultural socialization practices and adolescents’ ERI. In study 2, I used a convergent mixed methods research design to compare and contrast researchers’ neighborhood assessments collected using systematic social observations (e.g., physical disorder, sociocultural symbols) with adolescents’ qualitative neighborhood assessments collected by semi-structured interviews with Mexican-origin adolescents. Using quantitative methods, I found that researchers observed varying degrees of physical disorder, physical decay, street safety, and sociocultural symbols across adolescents’ neighborhood environments. Using qualitative methods, I found that adolescents observed these same neighborhood features about half the time, but also that they often layered additional meaning on top of distinct neighborhood features. Using mixed methods I found that, in the context of high spatial concordance, there was a high degree of overlap between researchers and adolescents in terms of agreement on the presence of physical disorder, physical decay, street safety, and sociocultural symbols. Lastly, adolescents often expanded upon these neighborhood environmental features, especially with references to positive and negative affect and resources. Overall, findings from study 2 underscore the importance using mixed methods to address the shared and unique aspects of researchers’ objectivity and adolescents’ phenomenology. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Family and Human Development 2020

This study focused on the experiences of transracial adoptees in the United States, in an effort to examine the roles of cultural socialization and family influences on adoptees’ ethnic identity development. This study explored these issues through in-depth interviews with 11 adult transracial adoptees. Qualitative data analysis indicated various factors influencing participants’ ethnic identity development. Analysis compared levels of parental connection to adoptees’ birth culture, according to participants’ responses to interview questions. Analysis also compared socialization activities perceived by participants as meaningful to those that participants described as superficial or lacking in meaning. Themes included freedom of choice, opportunities for exposure to birth culture, and family support. Through quantitative analysis, a significant connection was found between parents’ level of connection with adoptees’ birth culture and the number of cultural socialization strategies they engaged in with their children. There was also a significant link between socialization activities participants viewed as meaningful and the strength of their ethnic identity development.

abstract: Research on cultural socialization, the process in which individuals learn messages regarding the traditions and values of their culture (Hughes et al., 2006), has dedicated little attention to Latinx and Asian American groups. This study examined whether an interdependent self-construal (i.e., viewing oneself as connected to others and endorsing behaviors that depend on others; Singelis, 1994) was a mediator between cultural socialization and ethnic identity for these two groups. The current study utilized mediation analyses to explore the associations between cultural socialization via different agents (i.e., parents, teachers, romantic partners, peers), interdependent self-construal, and ethnic identity exploration and commitment for Latinx (N = 258, 68.6% female, Mage = 20.54) and Asian (N = 281, 66.5% female, Mage = 20.34) American college-attending emerging adults. Results revealed that for the Latinx sample, interdependent self-construal mediated the relation between cultural socialization and ethnic identity exploration or commitment in regards to parents and peers, but not teachers. In addition, interdependent self-construal mediated the association between cultural socialization from romantic partners and ethnic identity commitment, but not exploration. For the Asian American sample, interdependent self-construal mediated the association between cultural socialization and ethnic identity exploration or commitment in regards to romantic partners and peers, but not parents and teachers. These results highlight the important role of different cultural socialization agents in ethnic identity formation for these two groups and suggest that the endorsement of cultural values can be a mechanism through which ethnic identity is strengthened. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Counseling Psychology 2017

En France, les analyses du modèle républicain d’intégration en histoire ou en philosophie politique ont très bien décrit les principes politiques et les valeurs qui sont au cœur de ce modèle, mais elles ont rarement débouché sur des analyses empiriques concrètes permettant de dépasser la réflexion théorique. Ainsi, nous disposons de très peu d’informations concernant les aspects psychologiques du modèle républicain. Cette thèse est structurée en trois chapitres composés au total de sept études empiriques distinctes. Elle cherche à répondre à deux questions fondamentales: 1) Quels sont les facteurs qui expliquent la forte adhésion des individus aux principes républicains d’égalité et de laïcité? et 2) quelles sont les incidences de cette adhésion pour le vivre ensemble? Dans le premier chapitre, deux études examinent la nature et la signification des principes républicains dans l’esprit des individus. Les résultats confirment la très forte adhésion des individus au modèle républicain, qu’il s’agisse d’enseignants de collèges et de lycées (N = 82, étude 1), ou d’étudiants à l’université dans des facultés aussi différentes que la psychologie (N = 72) ou le droit (N = 234, étude 2). En utilisant une mesure de l’attachement à la laïcité, distincte d’une mesure de l’adhésion à des principes qui caractérisent théoriquement la laïcité, l’étude 2 met en évidence, pour la première fois à notre connaissance, l’importance de distinguer deux conceptions de la laïcité: la laïcité historique égalitaire axée sur la liberté de conscience et l’égalité de respect à l’égard de toutes les croyances, rejoignant ainsi le principe d’égalité citoyenne, et la nouvelle laïcité qui valorise la relégation des pratiques religieuses à l’espace privé et l'interdiction du port de signes religieux ostensibles dans les espaces publics. Dans le deuxième chapitre, trois études examinent les facteurs psychologiques sous-jacents à l’attachement aux principes républicains (études 1, 2 et 3, chapitre 2). Comme prévu, les résultats montrent, auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population française (N = 1001) que l’égalité républicaine et la nouvelle laïcité sont des variables qui expliquent une part significative des préjugés anti-immigrés au delà des facteurs considérés habituellement en sociologie ou en psychologie sociale. De plus, alors que les personnes égalitaires adhérent normalement davantage à ces principes républicains que les personnes inégalitaires, les résultats montrent aussi que les personnes qui cherchent à maintenir les inégalités et la hiérarchie sociale entre les groupes se disent très attachées à la laïcité lorsqu’elles se sentent menacées culturellement (étude 1, chapitre 2), lorsqu’elles sont dans une situation potentiellement menaçante (étude 2, chapitre 2) ou lorsqu’on induit expérimentalement une menace culturelle ou symbolique (étude 3, chapitre 2). Ces résultats confirment l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’adhésion à la laïcité est malléable et peut servir de moyen socialement acceptable de parvenir à certains objectifs socialement indésirables. Le troisième et dernier chapitre porte sur le rôle de l’école dans la transmission des principes républicains. Deux études (étude 1 auprès de 300 collégiens et lycéens; étude 2 impliquant plus de 1000 élèves) valident un modèle théorique proposant que l’école publique en France a des effets importants sur l’adhésion aux principes d’égalité républicaine et de nouvelle laïcité et que les effets de l’école sur les préjugés anti-immigrés sont médiatisés par l’adhésion à ces principes. On note cependant une évolution à travers le temps, avec un déclin de l’influence du principe de l’égalité républicaine et une augmentation du rôle joué par la nouvelle laïcité. La discussion souligne les implications théoriques et pédagogiques de ces résultats. / In France, research in history and political philosophy has produced a body of knowledge describing the values and principles that are at the heart of the « republican model of integration ». However, this work has been theoretical and conceptual in nature such that we have in fact very little knowledge about the psychological aspects of the republican model. This thesis is organized in three chapters that present in total seven distinct empirical studies It addressed two major questions: 1) What factors explain the strong support that is observed in France for the principle of republican equality and laïcité? and 2) what are the consequences of this support for prejudice and intergroup relations? In chapter one, the research confirms this strong endorsement of the republican principles among teachers in high schools (Study 1, N = 82) or among university students in widely different fields of study such as psychology (N = 72) or law (N = 234, Study 2). Using a measure of attachment to laïcité that is distinct from a measure of support for principles that are theoretically linked with laïcité, Study 2 showed, for the first time to our knowledge, the distinction between two types of laïcité: an historic laïcité based on freedom of conscience and equality of respects for all beliefs and a new laïcité that emphasizes the need for keep religion private and to ban conspicuous religious signs from public places. In chapter two, three studies examined the psychological motives underlying attachment to the republican principles. As expected, it was shown first, among a representative sample of the French population (N = 1001), that support for republican equality and new laïcité are two variables that explain variance in antiimmigrant prejudice over and above factors that are usually considered in sociology or social psychology. Moreover, whereas egalitarian individuals are usually more supportive of these principles compared to inegalitarians, the results also showed that people who wish to maintain group-based inequality and the social hierarchy becomes strong supporters of laïcité when they perceive an intergroup threat of a symbolic nature (Study 1, chapter two), when they are in a situation of intergroup threat (Study 2, chapter two), or when an intergroup threat of a symbolic type is experimentally induced (Study 3, chapter 2). These results confirm the hypothesis that laïcité is a malleable ideology that can be used as a socially accepted mean of defending a socially undesirable agenda. The third and last chapter of the thesis examined the role of the school in the process of cultural transmission. Study 1 of chapter three (N = 300 pupils) and Study 2 of chapter three (N = more than 1000 pupils) supported a theoretical model proposing that public schools in France lead to a stronger support for republican principles and that this process of cultural transmission mediates the effects of schooling on anti-immigrant prejudice. A decline in the impact of republican equality and a corresponding increase in the impact of new laïcité was however observed. The discussion outlines the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these results.