The aim of the thesis is to describe the initiative European capital of culture and analyse the influence of the title on tourism in given cities. The way of awarding the title, its history and future is going to be introduced. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the program Creative Europe, where also the project European capital of culture belongs. The second part of the diploma will be engaged in analysis of the influence of the title on tourism in two cities - Riga and Pilsen. Results of the cities will be presented both separately and in comparison with each other.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2007. / It has been observed that the tourism industry is facing many challenges in KwaZulu-Natal. First and foremost, the ownership of tourism resources still does not reflect the demographics of the population of the province. Second, indigenous Zulu culture remains under-packaged for tourism purposes. The little that is packaged generally lacks cultural authenticity and the dignity associated with it. This research study has therefore, identified that Zulu culture is one of the most important reasons for patronage of foreign tourists. This was evident in comments coming from the filling-in of visitors' records at each of the tourist attractions. It became apparent that there is a general desire out there to learn more about Zulu culture and heritage. The fundamental objectives of this research inquiry are three-fold: (a) to identify the levels of engagement in systematic alignment between policy formulation and policy implementation in the tourism sector in KwaZulu-Natal; (b) to reveal the various recreation and tourism practices taking place and experienced at the three case-study sites of Impi YaseNcome Museum, the Spirit of eMakhosini Valley and the Inanda Heritage Route, all in KwaZulu-Natal; and (c) to determine the extent to which international benchmarking in tourism policy formulation has been adopted in the study area. To achieve these objectives the research adopted both a qualitative and quantitative approach, each of these approaches was expected to address the intangible and tangible aspects of the tourism attractions and resources in the study area. Analysing the materia! and non-materials facets of tourism is a challenge on its own, because the fields of recreation and tourism, are a fairly virgin field of study. The qualitative and quantitative approaches as applied in the empirical investigation of cultural and heritage tourism phenomena, are utilised and married in chapters five and six of this thesis. The findings of the study reveal that, although the tourism promotion strategies in KwaZulu-Natal centre around the concept of the Zulu Kingdom brand, there is general under-development of the very tourist attractions which would maximise the presence of Zulu culture on the ground. At Impi YaseNcome Museum, there is a static permanent exhibition. At the Spirit of eMakhosini, there is a misrepresentation of Zulu symbolism to be antiquated. The Inanda Heritage Route was found to be exceedingly underdeveloped. Considering that the study has found a deficiency in the systematic alignment between policy formulation and policy implementation in KwaZulu-Natal, it has nonetheless succeeded to put forward a theoretical model that seeks to align policy and practice in the context of achieving a broad based black economic development in the tourism sector. The model proposes the integration of policy, resources and the industry towards developing the community. The study has focused on the development and promotion of cultural tourism in KwaZulu-Natal, for the benefit of communities, through utilising cultural, heritage and historical resources. Moreover, the study has strongly recommended that the economic and development value of cultural tourism ought to be taken seriously by those involved with tourism policy development in the province, so as to be of benefit to one and all. In this regard the study raises many possibilities for further research. / University of Zululand

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of Master’s Degree in Technology: Tourism and Hospitality, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the community-based tourism model adopted by the Zulu-Mpophomeni Tourism Experience (ZMTE). ZMTE is a community-based tourism initiative that aims to provide visitors with a combined experience encompassing the elements of culture, history and nature. It is fully owned and managed by the Mpophomeni local residents. ZMTE is made up of different service providers including cultural and township tours, accommodation, restaurants as well as arts and crafts, which are all locally owned and managed. The inception of ZMTE was influenced by the growth in demand for authentic cultural and township experience by international markets as well as the immediate need to improve the livelihood of the local community. However, increased tourism activity results in a number of positive and negative implications to the area of Mpophomeni and its residents, primarily because the local community forms part of the tourism product. ZMTE is selected as a significant area of study due to its great potential for growth and has generated increased interest from different stakeholders within the tourism industry as well as the Mpophomeni local community. Its inception has largely improved tourism in the area of Mpophomeni and the province of KwaZulu-Natal in particular (KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Authority: 2012). The study findings are based on a sample of 280 Mpophomeni local community members, one managing director of the ZMTE and six establishments that are service providers of the ZMTE. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from the Mpophomeni local community. Face- to-face interviews were conducted to obtain data from ZMTE service providers and one managing director of this project. The results suggest the ZMTE is not beneficial to the majority of the local people and a lot still needs to be done in order to improve its viability. The major factor contributing to the lack of positive contribution of the ZMTE to the local community is due to the lack of knowledge about approaches that the local people can adopt in order to be part of the ZMTE and benefit from it. Findings derived from this study will unveil the CBT model adopted by the ZMTE. This will enable to revelation of areas that require improvement within the ZMTE so that benefits and opportunities are exploited. / M

Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture (Professional))--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011. / The thesis emcompasses the design of an interpretive and research centre in the Mvembili area, Swaziland. The centre will have a multifaceted function as it will include the following: a landmark gateway, museum and tourist centre, and a limited research facility for the water and flora of the immediate region. The thesis seeks to give the structure a symbolic and poetic quality which will interpret the cultural and natural aspects of the environment and people and subsequently provide meaning to visitors. It will also acknowledge the beauty of the natural surroundings through the building's form and use of material and technology.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseGledsonNM_DISSERT.pdf: 5793403 bytes, checksum: 8c351455b3aa026e15d39791d88cdf58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The study analyzed regarding cultural policies developed in the city of North-EC Limoeiro by the Municipal Culture and Tourism (Semuc) in the period between the years 2005 and 2010. Period that marks the resumption of the figure of the State Ministry of Culture (MinC) as a major factor in formulating and implementing public policies in the area of culture in the country, especially with the creation of the National Culture System (CNS) and the preparation of National Culture Plan (NCP). The work was through research documents (laws) about what had legislated on culture in the city, the reports of consultation activities undertaken by Semuc and interviews with former managers, a former - employee and the Secretary of that folder. Thus, given the contemporary context where the culture is replaced by increasing visibility, the analysis undertaken on policies developed by cultural Semuc revealed the most diverse forms of action: investment in events (capture and promotion), the institution permanent cultural policies, cultural background, the appreciation of local culture, and specific actions / O referente trabalho analisou as pol?ticas culturais desenvolvidas na cidade de Limoeiro do Norte-CE pela Secretaria Municipal da Cultura e do Turismo (SEMUC) no per?odo compreendido entre os anos de 2005 e 2010. Per?odo que demarca a retomada do Estado na figura do Minist?rio da Cultura (MinC) enquanto um dos principais respons?veis por formular e executar as pol?ticas p?blicas na ?rea da cultura no pa?s, especialmente com a cria??o do Sistema Nacional de Cultura (SNC) e a elabora??o do Plano Nacional de Cultura (PNC).O trabalho se constituiu atrav?s de pesquisa documental (Leis) acerca do que se tinha legislado no munic?pio sobre cultura, de consultas aos relat?rios das atividades desenvolvidas pela SEMUC e de entrevistas realizadas com ex- gestores, um ex- funcion?rio e o secret?rio da referida pasta. Desta forma, diante do contexto contempor?neo onde a cultura passa a ter cada vez mais visibilidade, a an?lise empreendida acerca das pol?ticas culturais desenvolvidas pela SEMUC, revelou as mais diversas formas de a??o: o investimento em eventos (capta??o e promo??o); a institui??o de pol?ticas culturais permanentes; a forma??o cultural, a valoriza??o da cultura local, al?m de a??es pontuais

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The past decades indicate enormous interest in tourism as a tool for regional economic development. However, it is not always clear if tourism creates a significant contribution to local destination communities, as, in most cases, benefits from tourism emerge slowly and usually accrue to certain groups within the community. This study is driven by the researcher’s desire in determining tourism’s contribution to local community development, and to seek ways in which the local indigenous community can enhance their standard of living through tourism. Hence, increased understanding of tourism’s contribution to community development is necessary to establish strategies to ensure that employees and community receive equal benefits from tourism. Therefore, the study sought to investigate ‘the contribution of tourism to local community development, using Shakaland Zulu Cultural Village (SZCV) as a case. A qualitative and quantitative approach was employed. However, more emphasis was placed on the qualitative approach. The study sample compromised of 84 purposely selected employees of SZCV. The data collected were coded and organised according to the interview questions and were analysed and interpreted according to five analytic categories that were based on the objectives of the study. The findings of the study indicated that: SZCV contributes to local community development; and SZCV has different tourism employment categories that improve the community’s livelihoods in Eshowe, including cultural dancers, cultural chief, traditional herbalist, sangoma, arts and craft workers, chefs, receptionist, reservationist, spaza shop retailer, food and beverage manager, front office manager, maintenance manager as well as cultural manager. The study further revealed that a few respondents received training for their positions; and that the majority of employees are involved in the decision-making process within the SZCV; however, this involvement was not at a strategic level. Furthermore, the study recomended that local community development in Eshowe needs to be improved especially through the diversification of the cultural village. This is attainable by forming a partnership with other tourism business in close proximity to the SZCV that attract a high volume of tourist, to increase the possible benefits to communities that are residing along SZCV. / M

The aim of this master thesis is to examine how two Swedish libraries approach library tourism. Library tourism is a growing phenomenon seen in libraries across the world. The case study has been made on the National Library of Sweden and Stockholm Public Library. The study was conducted through qualitative measures in which methodological techniques have been used, such as interviews and analysis of relevant documents from an organizational perspective. The study aims to determine how two libraries in Stockholm are used as tourist attractions and how the personnel perceive their workplace as being a tourist attraction. The analysis is based on Foucault’s theories primarily addressing the relationship between power and knowledge and the theories of economic, social, environmental, and cultural implications of tourist-related services by both John Urry and Jonas Larsen as well as the authors So-Min Cheong and Marc L Miller. The study shows that neither of the two examined libraries has special staff for dealing with tourists, nor guidelines for this activity. The study also shows that libraries can be viewed as important rising cultural tourist attractions during the last years. Having an increasing number of tourists has been disturbing for the locals and those employed at the libraries. Both libraries’ primary focus is being an indispensable part of community life as promoter of literacy, provider of a wide range of reading material for all ages and wide-ranging loan services based on systems of branch libraries. This study suggests that both libraries have a similar approach to tourism, but also that they could be more involved in the process in order to make tourism available on their own terms. Disclaimer: This subject was decided/chosen in November 2019 before the outbreak of Covid-19 which made future tourism development more uncertain. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / As an attempt to usher in a paradigm shift in the way public services are rendered in the new dispensation, Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 108 0f 1996, envisages a Public Administration governed by specific values and principles intended to act as a guide in government‟s endeavours of seeking to provide services impartially, fairly and without bias. According to the supreme law of the country, this could be achieved among other things by responding adequately to the needs of the people and further entrenching the participation of the citizenry in the policy processes of government; thus deepening good governance. Part of the challenge that faces the realization of what the Constitution envisages centres largely around the transformation of public servants sothat they begin to deliver services in a way that puts the citizen first. To this extent government has already responded with a very ambitious Batho Pele program, the implementation of which is intended to effect a turn around in the Public Administration status quo bequeathed by the past, so that it is deliberately focused on the needs of the client. The current section of the thesis is an introduction to the entire work aimed at assessing the levels of implementation of the Service Delivery Improvement Policy of Provincial Government within the Department of Arts Culture and Tourism in KZN.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Carnival events have become significant factors in tourism development and marketing initiatives of most destinations. The developments, in threefold, economic, socio-cultural and environmental experienced by host communities of tourism attractions and resorts result in the emergence of carnival events as critical destination products. The current research found that the selected stakeholders, particularly residents, businesses and event attendees’ perceptions are often overlooked although they are directly impacted by carnival events, especially when they reside (for residents and businesses) in close proximity to the event location. In addition, tourism businesses operating in the Green Point area, the place where the carnival parade takes place, were included in this study to ascertain their views about the Cape Town Carnival. In most cases, successful carnival events are underpinned by community support as well as the visitors or attendees to the event; therefore, it is crucial to examine stakeholders’ perceptions towards such events. The aim of this study was to determine how selected stakeholders (residents, businesses, and event attendees) perceive an annual cultural event, the Cape Town Carnival, hosted in a Cape Town suburb. It also sought to establish the overall value of this event following a triple bottom-line approach (economic, socio-cultural, and environmental). This investigation explored the perceptions and experiences of the residents, businesses, and event attendees in Green Point in relation to the carnival, as well as highlighting the positive and negative aspects of their experience. The research primarily adopted quantitative research approach by using three survey questionnaires (residents, businesses and event attendees) with both closed and open-ended questions. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and the findings were visually presented by the use of frequency tables and charts. The general findings indicated that the selected stakeholders were in favour of the Cape Town Carnival to continue being hosted in the Green Point area, although there were some issues that were viewed as the negative impacts of hosting this event. The study’s findings show that the event is perceived positively by the stakeholders even though some had reservations to the idea of the event continuing in the area. Community involvement and enhancing safety and security during event period were some of the recommendations that could see the event continuing flawlessly. The study notes the importance of event organisers to understand the three stakeholders since they contribute to the success of the event. However, even though there are many benefits that are likely to accrue to residents, businesses and event attendees associated with hosting an event of this magnitude, one should not overlook the negative impacts that are potentially connected to such a hosting since this informs how the stakeholders perceive the event.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration