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In this thesis, Ned Rorem's Poems of Love and the Rain is analyzed, with conclusions being drawn in the sphere of musico-textual relationships within individual songs.

This thesis explores the biology, ecology, and life-history styles of two closely-related redfin minnows, Pseudobarbus afer and P. asper (pisces; Cyprinidae), which both occur in the Gamtoos River system of South Africa. Five of the seven species of flexible-rayed redfin minnows are in the South African Red Data Book - Fishes. This investigation was designed to provide the data which would enable conservation authorities to manage the remaining populations of the Pseudobarbus species. A thorough understanding of the Gamtoos River system was necessary to properly interpret the findings of this study. The palaeo river systems and the changing climates since the break-up of Gondwanaland are discussed so that the present day environments could be considered as well as the past environmental changes. P. afer and P. asper occur in the Gamtoos River system with no physical barrier separating the two species. P. afer only occurs in the clear mountain streams of the Cape Fold Mountain Belt whereas P. asper occurs in the highly saline and turbid Karoo section of the system. P. afer were found to be the more precocial form of the sister species. They had bigger eggs, lower relative fecundity, shorter breeding season, lower gonadosomatic indices, larger first feeding larval fish, matured later and had a longer life-span than did P. asper, which had more altricial life-history attributes. They differ in their tradeoffs with P. asper devoting more resources earlier to reproduction and having a shorter lifespan. The improvement in the one aspect of fitness (early maturity) leads to the deterioration in another, namely lifespan. Both species undertake breeding migrations to riffle areas where they spawn in mid-channel immediately above a pool after an increase in water flow. P. afer and P. asper are non-guarders of their non-adhesive eggs and young, open substrate spawners on coarse substrates (rocks) and have photophobic free embryos. The breeding season is shorter for P. afer whereas P. asper can spawn as late as April and impoundment releases can induce them to spawn. A study of comparative neuroecology revealed that of the four groups of fish analyzed (males and females of both species) male P. afer had the largest brains, especially the optic lobes and cerebellum. P. asper females had the smallest brains. No neural compensation in the external gustatory centre, the facial lobe, was found for P. asper inhabiting the turbid waters. P. afer also had significantly larger eyes and longer barbels. P. afer males were also found to have the highest density and largest nuptial tubercles as well as the most pronounced breeding colouration. It was concluded that P. asper is the more derived of the sister species pair with regard to life-history attributes. It is further suggested that investment per offspring is important in determining the life-history trajectories. Paedomorphosis has occurred and by this mechanism variability has been restored to the redfin minnows in the Groot River which enables them to survive in the highly variable, intermittent Karoo stream. The more precocial P. afer do not require this variability in the more constant and predictable environment of the Wit River.

Esta tese investiga a correlação entre os ciclos econômicos, os ciclos urbanos e os ciclos turísticos. O litoral foi escolhido como lócus de investigação por apresentar especificidades em sua trajetória econômica e urbana e três estudos de caso foram analisados: Brasil, Espanha e Marrocos. Para abordar o tema proposto optou-se por uma análise baseada em teorias que tratam o ambiente construído como elemento central da dinâmica do capitalismo associados a constante criação de novas localidades urbano turísticas como elemento de inovação. Como resultado foi possível observar a complexidade que emerge como uma característica internacional do caráter concentrado do povoamento costeiro, de claro perfil urbano, que reforça sua designação tipológica, sobretudo em localidades nas quais as atividades de turismo e veraneio assim como as atividades da construção civil e do mercado imobiliário definem áreas potencialmente geradoras de renda diferencial. Como primeiro aspecto conclusivo percebe-se a existência de uma crescente produção de segundas residências em consequência do turismo imobiliário do litoral, aumento dos estoques imobiliários e dos níveis de artificialização do solo nos três países analisados. A metodologia utilizada, da análise através de ciclos, mostrou-se capaz de prover comparações de um mesmo tipo de ciclo em diferentes países, assim como prover correlações entre diferentes ciclos de um mesmo país. O resultado do trabalho empírico evidenciou o impacto territorial que os fenômenos econômicos globais produzem nas regiões turísticas em especial nos espaços urbanos litorâneos. A análise dos ciclos econômicos no Brasil, na Espanha e no Marrocos demonstrou que a partir de investimentos na abertura para capitais estrangeiros, principalmente nas áreas do turismo e da construção civil, ocorreram transformações urbanas relacionadas ao mercado imobiliário, sobretudo no preço do solo urbano e no preço dos imóveis. A análise dos ciclos turísticos demonstrou que a atividade turística está condicionada a elementos econômicos- desde a formulação de politicas públicas ligadas a melhorias de infraestruturas urbanas como o transporte multimodal até aproximações as taxas de desemprego e inflação, momento de decréscimo na compra de produtos turísticos. Sua correlação com os elementos urbanos são também visíveis como a construção de infraestrutura de acesso, mobilidade, serviços e comércio especializado. / This thesis investigates the correlation between economic cycles, urban cycles and tourist cycles. The coastline was chosen as a place that present specificities in its economic and urban trajectory and three case studies were analyzed: Brazil , Spain and Morocco. Regardin the approached proposed theme, it was chosen an analysis based on theories dealing with the environment constructed as a central element of the dynamics of capitalism associated with the constant creation of new urban tourist locations as innovation elemento . As a result it was possible to observe the complexity that emerges as a international feature of the concentrated character populational coastal, of course urban profile, that reinforces its typological designation , especially in locations where tourism activities and summer activities as well as the building construction and real state market define potentially áreas generating differential rent. As a first aspect conclusive realizes the existence of an increasing production of second homes consequence of coastal real estate tourism, increasing of real estate stocks and rising levels of artificiality soil in the three countries analyzed . The methodology, the analysis through cycles, proved capable of providing comparisons of the same type of cycle in different countries, as well as providing correlations between different cycles of the same country. The result of the empirical work showed that the territorial impact that global economic phenomena produce in tourist areas especially in coastal urban areas. The analysis of business cycles in Brazil, Spain and Morocco showed that from investment in openness to foreign capital, particularly in the tourism and building construction , urban transformations occurred related to the real state market, particularly in the price of urban land and price of home. The tourist cycle analysis showed that tourist activity is subject to economic elements - from the formulation of public policies related to urban infrastructure improvements as multimodal transportation to unemployment and inflation rates, moment of decrease in the purchase of tourism products. Its correlation with urban elements are also visible as the construction of access infrastructure, mobility, services and specialized trade.

Esta tese investiga a correlação entre os ciclos econômicos, os ciclos urbanos e os ciclos turísticos. O litoral foi escolhido como lócus de investigação por apresentar especificidades em sua trajetória econômica e urbana e três estudos de caso foram analisados: Brasil, Espanha e Marrocos. Para abordar o tema proposto optou-se por uma análise baseada em teorias que tratam o ambiente construído como elemento central da dinâmica do capitalismo associados a constante criação de novas localidades urbano turísticas como elemento de inovação. Como resultado foi possível observar a complexidade que emerge como uma característica internacional do caráter concentrado do povoamento costeiro, de claro perfil urbano, que reforça sua designação tipológica, sobretudo em localidades nas quais as atividades de turismo e veraneio assim como as atividades da construção civil e do mercado imobiliário definem áreas potencialmente geradoras de renda diferencial. Como primeiro aspecto conclusivo percebe-se a existência de uma crescente produção de segundas residências em consequência do turismo imobiliário do litoral, aumento dos estoques imobiliários e dos níveis de artificialização do solo nos três países analisados. A metodologia utilizada, da análise através de ciclos, mostrou-se capaz de prover comparações de um mesmo tipo de ciclo em diferentes países, assim como prover correlações entre diferentes ciclos de um mesmo país. O resultado do trabalho empírico evidenciou o impacto territorial que os fenômenos econômicos globais produzem nas regiões turísticas em especial nos espaços urbanos litorâneos. A análise dos ciclos econômicos no Brasil, na Espanha e no Marrocos demonstrou que a partir de investimentos na abertura para capitais estrangeiros, principalmente nas áreas do turismo e da construção civil, ocorreram transformações urbanas relacionadas ao mercado imobiliário, sobretudo no preço do solo urbano e no preço dos imóveis. A análise dos ciclos turísticos demonstrou que a atividade turística está condicionada a elementos econômicos- desde a formulação de politicas públicas ligadas a melhorias de infraestruturas urbanas como o transporte multimodal até aproximações as taxas de desemprego e inflação, momento de decréscimo na compra de produtos turísticos. Sua correlação com os elementos urbanos são também visíveis como a construção de infraestrutura de acesso, mobilidade, serviços e comércio especializado. / This thesis investigates the correlation between economic cycles, urban cycles and tourist cycles. The coastline was chosen as a place that present specificities in its economic and urban trajectory and three case studies were analyzed: Brazil , Spain and Morocco. Regardin the approached proposed theme, it was chosen an analysis based on theories dealing with the environment constructed as a central element of the dynamics of capitalism associated with the constant creation of new urban tourist locations as innovation elemento . As a result it was possible to observe the complexity that emerges as a international feature of the concentrated character populational coastal, of course urban profile, that reinforces its typological designation , especially in locations where tourism activities and summer activities as well as the building construction and real state market define potentially áreas generating differential rent. As a first aspect conclusive realizes the existence of an increasing production of second homes consequence of coastal real estate tourism, increasing of real estate stocks and rising levels of artificiality soil in the three countries analyzed . The methodology, the analysis through cycles, proved capable of providing comparisons of the same type of cycle in different countries, as well as providing correlations between different cycles of the same country. The result of the empirical work showed that the territorial impact that global economic phenomena produce in tourist areas especially in coastal urban areas. The analysis of business cycles in Brazil, Spain and Morocco showed that from investment in openness to foreign capital, particularly in the tourism and building construction , urban transformations occurred related to the real state market, particularly in the price of urban land and price of home. The tourist cycle analysis showed that tourist activity is subject to economic elements - from the formulation of public policies related to urban infrastructure improvements as multimodal transportation to unemployment and inflation rates, moment of decrease in the purchase of tourism products. Its correlation with urban elements are also visible as the construction of access infrastructure, mobility, services and specialized trade.

Esta tese investiga a correlação entre os ciclos econômicos, os ciclos urbanos e os ciclos turísticos. O litoral foi escolhido como lócus de investigação por apresentar especificidades em sua trajetória econômica e urbana e três estudos de caso foram analisados: Brasil, Espanha e Marrocos. Para abordar o tema proposto optou-se por uma análise baseada em teorias que tratam o ambiente construído como elemento central da dinâmica do capitalismo associados a constante criação de novas localidades urbano turísticas como elemento de inovação. Como resultado foi possível observar a complexidade que emerge como uma característica internacional do caráter concentrado do povoamento costeiro, de claro perfil urbano, que reforça sua designação tipológica, sobretudo em localidades nas quais as atividades de turismo e veraneio assim como as atividades da construção civil e do mercado imobiliário definem áreas potencialmente geradoras de renda diferencial. Como primeiro aspecto conclusivo percebe-se a existência de uma crescente produção de segundas residências em consequência do turismo imobiliário do litoral, aumento dos estoques imobiliários e dos níveis de artificialização do solo nos três países analisados. A metodologia utilizada, da análise através de ciclos, mostrou-se capaz de prover comparações de um mesmo tipo de ciclo em diferentes países, assim como prover correlações entre diferentes ciclos de um mesmo país. O resultado do trabalho empírico evidenciou o impacto territorial que os fenômenos econômicos globais produzem nas regiões turísticas em especial nos espaços urbanos litorâneos. A análise dos ciclos econômicos no Brasil, na Espanha e no Marrocos demonstrou que a partir de investimentos na abertura para capitais estrangeiros, principalmente nas áreas do turismo e da construção civil, ocorreram transformações urbanas relacionadas ao mercado imobiliário, sobretudo no preço do solo urbano e no preço dos imóveis. A análise dos ciclos turísticos demonstrou que a atividade turística está condicionada a elementos econômicos- desde a formulação de politicas públicas ligadas a melhorias de infraestruturas urbanas como o transporte multimodal até aproximações as taxas de desemprego e inflação, momento de decréscimo na compra de produtos turísticos. Sua correlação com os elementos urbanos são também visíveis como a construção de infraestrutura de acesso, mobilidade, serviços e comércio especializado. / This thesis investigates the correlation between economic cycles, urban cycles and tourist cycles. The coastline was chosen as a place that present specificities in its economic and urban trajectory and three case studies were analyzed: Brazil , Spain and Morocco. Regardin the approached proposed theme, it was chosen an analysis based on theories dealing with the environment constructed as a central element of the dynamics of capitalism associated with the constant creation of new urban tourist locations as innovation elemento . As a result it was possible to observe the complexity that emerges as a international feature of the concentrated character populational coastal, of course urban profile, that reinforces its typological designation , especially in locations where tourism activities and summer activities as well as the building construction and real state market define potentially áreas generating differential rent. As a first aspect conclusive realizes the existence of an increasing production of second homes consequence of coastal real estate tourism, increasing of real estate stocks and rising levels of artificiality soil in the three countries analyzed . The methodology, the analysis through cycles, proved capable of providing comparisons of the same type of cycle in different countries, as well as providing correlations between different cycles of the same country. The result of the empirical work showed that the territorial impact that global economic phenomena produce in tourist areas especially in coastal urban areas. The analysis of business cycles in Brazil, Spain and Morocco showed that from investment in openness to foreign capital, particularly in the tourism and building construction , urban transformations occurred related to the real state market, particularly in the price of urban land and price of home. The tourist cycle analysis showed that tourist activity is subject to economic elements - from the formulation of public policies related to urban infrastructure improvements as multimodal transportation to unemployment and inflation rates, moment of decrease in the purchase of tourism products. Its correlation with urban elements are also visible as the construction of access infrastructure, mobility, services and specialized trade.

Nous présentons trois résultats dans cette thèse. Dans le chapitre 2 nous montrons l’existence d’un zéro-cycle cx sur une hypersurface X de type Calabi–Yau dans une varieté homogène projective complexe. Plus précisement, nous montrons que l’intersection de n diviseurs sur X, où n = dim X, est proportionnelle à la classe d’un point supporté sur une courbe rationnelle dans X. Dans le chapitre 3 nous donnons une nouvelle preuve du théorème de Beauville et Voisin portant sur la décomposition de la petite diagonale d’une surface K3 notée S. La preuve que nous donnons est explicite et utilise le plongement de degré 2g-2 de S dans l’espace projectif de la dimension g. Elle est différente de celle donnée par Beauville et Voisin, qui repose sur l’existence d’une famille à un paramètre de courbes elliptiques. Le chapitre 4 est consacré à l’étude des similitudes entre la variété de Fano des droites d’une cubique de dimension 4, qui est une variété hyper-Kählerienne étudiée par Beauville et Donagi, et la variété hyper-Kählerienne de dimension 4 construite par Debarre et Voisin dans [11]. Nous introduisons un analogue de la notion de triangle pour ces variétés et prouvons que la variété des triangles, qui est de dimension 6, est une sous-variété Lagrangienne du cube de la variété hyper-Kählerienne construite par Debarre et Voisin. / We present in this thesis three results. In Chapter 2 we prove the existence of a canonical zero-cycle cX on a Calabi–Yau hypersurfacee X in a complex projective homogeneous variety. Namely, we show that the intersection of any n divisors on X , n = dim X is proportional to the class of a point on a rational curve in X. In Chapter 3 we give a new proof of the theorem of Beauville and Voisin about the decomposition of the small diagonal of a K3 surface S. Our proof is explicit and uses the degree 2g-2 embedding of S in projective space of dimension g. It is different from the one used by Beauville and Voisin, which employed the existence of one-parameters familie of elliptic curves. Chapter 4 is devoted to the study of similarities between the Fano varieties of lines on a cubic fourfold, a hyper-Kähler fourfold studied by Beauville and Donagi, and the hyper-Kähler fourfold constructed by Debarre and Voisin in [11]. We exhibit an analog of the notion of "triangle" for these varieties and prove that the 6-dimensional variety of "triangles" is a Lagrangian subvariety in the cube of the constructed hyper-Kähler fourfold.

Title from accompanying document. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The assumption underlying this study is that the regime of the economy imparts certain characteristics to the business cycle indicators and that by using a discriminant analysis it would be possible to gain information from the various indicators as to the state of activity in the economy. A discriminant analysis was developed on an Excel spreadsheet. The Schwartz Information Criterion, SIC, was calculated for the models. This value compares how closely the model follows the true data generating process. The discriminant analysis was performed using all the variables or indicators applicable to the model in question. Using a linear programming algorithm the variables were removed from the model in order to maximise the SIC value for the model. The result was a variable set that maximised the information about the regime of the economy available from the various economic indicators. The models' performance was evaluated for post sample performance in a test data set. Five models were developed. They were: • the coincident logistic model; • the one period ahead logistic CLI (composite leading indicator) model; • the one period ahead logistic component model; • the three period ahead logistic CLI model; and • the three period ahead logistic component model. All the models produced meaningful results in the estimation data set for the United States economy. In the test data set only the coincident logistic model was found to give a clear signal of the regime switch. All models applied to the US data showed activity around all the regime switches. Two of the models did not produce useful results when applied to South African economic data. For this reason the one and two period ahead logistic component models were not used. The remaining three models gave clear signals of regime switches for all regime switches in the estimation and the test data set. The best overall model as far as SIC value was the one period ahead logistic CLI model applied to the South African data. The highest SIC for a model applied to the United States data is the logistic coincident model. The models were also evaluated on the number of wrong classifications. The best model in this regard is the coincident logistic model and one period ahead logistic CLI model applied to the United States data. The most accurate model for the South African data was the one-month ahead logistic CLI model in the estimation data set and the logistic coincident model in the test data set. The models were more decisive in the South African data than in the United States data set having a much lower region of uncertainty. Taking into consideration the greater decisiveness in conjunction with accuracy the models performed better with the South African data. The discriminant analysis generates a probability of expansion, which is used in conjunction with a classification rule based on observed frequencies in the estimation data set. A plot of the probability of expansion calculated by the models versus the true data generating process reveals that the models provide meaningful information as to the regime of the economy. The models tend to lag the true data generating process but do show activity around the regime switches. The models when applied to the United States data show good correlation with the true data generating process over the estimation data set but not as good over the test data set. The models perform better when applied to South African data when evaluated graphically. The models when applied to the South African data give good clear signals over all regime switches in all data sets. Indications of regime switches in the estimation data set were clearer than in the test data set. The use of a discriminant analysis for regime classification has been proven to be effective. This method should be used in conjunction with other methods to evaluate business cycle regimes. Useful information is extracted as regards the state of the economy from the various economic indicators. For this reason discriminant analysis of business cycles can be used as an additional tool for the evaluation of business cycle regimes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderliggende aanname van hierdie studie is dat die ekonomiese stelsel sekere eienskappe aan die sakesiklus verleen, en dat 'n diskriminant ontleding dit moontlik maak om inligting te verkry uit die verskeie aanwysers oor die stand van ekonomiese aktiwiteite. 'n Diskriminant ontleding is op 'n Excel-sigblad ontwerp. Die Schwartz Informasie Kriterium (SIK) is vir die modelle bereken. Hierdie waarde dui aan hoe getrou die model die ware datagenereringsproses volg. Die diskriminant ontleding is gedoen deur gebruik te maak van al die veranderlikes of aanwysers wat van toepassing is op die betrokke model. Die veranderlikes is uit die model verwyder deur die gebruik van 'n lineêre programmerings algoritme, ten einde die SIK-waarde van die model te maksimaliseer. Die resultaat was 'n stel veranderlikes wat inligting via die verskeie ekonomiese aanwysers oor die beskikbare ekonomiese stelsel maksimaliseer het. Die model is vir buite-steekproef prestasie in 'n toetsdatastel evalueer. Die volgende vyf modelle is ontwikkel: • samevallende logistiese model • een periode vooruit logistiese saamgestelde leidende aanwysers (SLA)- model • een periode vooruit logistiese komponentmodel • drie periode vooruit logistiese SLA-model • drie periode vooruit logistiese komponentmodel. Al die modelle het betekenisvolle resultate in die steekproefdata vir die ekonomie van die VSA gelewer. In die toetsdatastel het slegs die samevallende logistiese model 'n duidelike aanduiding van regime-verandering gegee. Alle modelle wat op die VSA data toegepas is, het aktiwiteite rondom al die regime-veranderings aangetoon. Twee van die modelle wat op Suid-Afrikaanse data toegepas is, het nie bruikbare resultate opgelewer nie, en om hierdie rede is die een en twee periodes vooruit logistiese komponentmodelle nie gebruik nie. Die oorblywende drie modelle het duidelike aanduidings van regime-veranderings vir alle regime-veranderings aangetoon in die steekproefdata en die toetsdatastel. Die beste oorkoepelende model in terme van SIK-waarde was die een periode vooruit logistiese SLA-model wat op Suid-Afrikaanse data toegepas is. Die grootste SIK-waarde vir 'n model wat op VSA-data toegepas is, is vir die samevallende logistiese model. Modelle is ook evalueer in terme van die foutiewe klassifikasies. Die beste model in hierdie verband is die samevallende logistiese model en die een periode vooruit logistiese SLA-model wat op VSA-data toegepas is. Die mees akkurate model vir Suid-Afrikaanse data was die een maand vooruit logistiese SLA-model in die steekproef datastel en die samevallende logistiese model in die toetsdatastel. Die modelle was meer beslissend in die Suid-Afrikaanse data as in die VSA-datastel, omdat die Suid-Afrikaanse data 'n baie kleiner onsekerheidsgebied openbaar het. Gegewe die groter beslistheid tesame met akkuraatheid, het die modelle beter presteer met Suid-Afrikaanse data. Die diskriminant ontleding skep 'n opswaaiwaarskynlikheid, wat saam met 'n klassifikasiereël, gebaseer op die waargenome frekwensies in die steekproefdata, gebruik word. 'n Stip van die opswaaiwaarskynlikhede, bereken volgens die modelle versus die ware datagenereringsproses, dui daarop dat die modelle betekenisvolle inligting oor die ekonomiese stelsel bied. Die modelle neig om die ware datagenereringsproses te volg, maar toon tog beweging rondom regime-veranderings. Die modelle het goeie korrelasie met die ware datagenereringsproses oor die steekproefdatastel getoon op die VSA-data, maar nie juis goeie korrelasie oor die toetsdatastel nie. Die modelle presteer beter wanneer dit op Suid-Afrikaanse data toegepas word, en gee goeie, duidelike tekens oor alle regime-veranderings in alle datastelle. Aanduidings van regime-veranderings in die steekproefdatastel was duideliker as in die toetsdatastel. 'n Diskriminant ontleding vir stelselklassifikasie het effektief geblyk te wees. Hierdie metode behoort saam met ander metodes gebruik te word om sakesiklusstelsels te evalueer. Nuttige inligting word uit die verskillende ekonomiese aanwysers verkry oor die stand van die ekonomie. Juis om hierdie rede kan 'n diskriminant ontleding van sakesiklusse as bykomende instrument gebruik word om sakesiklusse te evalueer.

The paper describes the design of a prototype vehicle used by Dana Holding Corporation as a mobile laboratory for the development of Spicer® PowerBoost® hydraulic-hybrid powertrain technology. A telehandler vehicle was selected due to its versatility. Starting from the high-level requirements, design choices from the powertrain layout to the control architecture are discussed. The hydraulic-hybrid powertrain system is described, and its performance is analyzed based on representative driving cycles.