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This diploma thesis examines the influence of air temperature on the behavior of fallow deer in farm kept. The literature review presents fallow deer characterization; it gives an overview of fallow deer management methods and describes the current situation in farming in the Czech Republic. The research part deals with observations of behavioral patterns of fallow deer. Every month in the course of a calendar year, a selected group of farmed fallow deer was observed all day, with special regard to their behavioral patterns concerning grazing, feed intake, standing or lying. Air temperature was measured every time. My research has shown a significant effect of air temperature on the behavior of fallow deer. Grazing was most prevalent in May (52 %), feed intake in January (39 %), lying in December (43 %) and standing in November (31 %). Moreover, spatial preferences of mineral deer-licks were examined in relation to feeding habits. The study has demonstrated that the location of a deer-lick has a considerable impact on its use. Fallow deer prefer significantly (75 %) a deer-lick close to a watering place rather than the deer-lick close to the border of the area. The results of the research were analysed in graphs and statistically evaluated by reference to Pearson's chi-squared test.

Luxury consumption is more and more common in China with the rapid economic development today. Chinese consumers are becoming a main purchasing power of the fashion luxury brands.Chinese women accounted for 45 percent of Chinese luxury goods consumption at the end of 2012. There is no denying that the female Chinese consumers are playing an increasingly important role in the global luxury goods market. Chinese female luxury consumers between 30 and 50 are considered to be called Chinese Dama. The influences of this group of people on fashion luxuries market is becoming more significant. However, no research seems to have noticed the middle aged female luxury consumers group named Chinese Dama.The purpose of our research is to find out the reasons why this group of people, who are so called “Chinese Dama”, are consuming fashion luxuries. We want to define and identify this special fashion luxury consuming group. Hopefully, the findings in our thesis can inspire some fashion luxury companies to notice this new purchasing power and to come up with better sale and product strategies for Chinese Dama.A qualitative research method was developed to meet the purpose of collecting relevant data. Interviews were made with Chinese Dama we met in Gothenburg airport and a Munich fashion luxury shopping mall. We also made a content analysis on articles collected that explain the issue of who are Chinese Dama and the features and lifestyle of Chinese Dama for the empirical study.The findings of our research can provide information for marketers in the luxury market, which concludes that Chinese females have different type of attitudes and motivations including those found by other scholars and the new motivations and attitudes that were discovered in our investigation towards purchasing fashion luxuries, which are brand awareness, materialism, social comparison for attitudes and guanxi, saving face and reselling to make profit. We not only confirm common acknowledge about Chinese Dama, which is known by everyone in China, but also obtain a better understanding of Chinese Dama. We also concluded that the expression Chinese Dama is no longer appropriate.

For many species, population size data is difficult to obtain or even unavailable. Therefore, estimations or indirect abundance measures of populations are crucial for ungulate management. Hunting has an important role in wildlife management, and is a partnership between state, landowners, and hunting communities. In ungulate management harvest statistics, as well as ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVCs) and observations, are often used as proxies for population densities and provide detailed information on a spatial and temporal scale. A Bayesian approach was used to model hunters’ response to population densities of fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa). The results indicate that the variability in number of individuals observed and the non-linearity of both hunters’ harvest and UVCs response varies between roe deer, fallow deer, and wild boar. Both hunters’ harvest and UVC display a sub-linear response to population densities to all three species. Additionally, roe deer show a low variability in the number of individuals observed compared to the other two species. Predictions of population densities by using proxies like harvest statistics and UVC statistics need to be species-specific to be reliable, and by considering a potential sub-linearity and temporal trends for the species of interest more confident and realistic estimates can be developed.

Dans le cadre de l'évaluation de protocoles, plusieurs techniques sont utilisées : l'expérimentation en environnement réel, la simulation et l'émulation. Dans cette thèse, l'approche d'émulation est étudiée car elle permet la mise en Suvre d'applications ou de protocoles réels dans un environnement contrôlable dont les caractéristiques (bande passante, délais, pertes) reproduisent en temps réel le comportement d'un réseau cible pour étudier et comparer différents protocoles et applications. Cette thèse proposera des techniques basées sur le couplage d'approches telles que la métrologie ou la simulation pour reproduire efficacement et de manière flexible le comportement de différents types de réseaux. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons participé à différents projets (DIPCAST et EuQoS) pour l'émulation de contexte satellite, et proposés une architecture d'émulation pour un lien satellite DVB-RCS ainsi qu'une méthodologie d'émulation pour l'émulation de réseaux à qualité de service.

Lietuvoje danielius parkuose pradėta laikyti nuo XVII – XIX a. Po antrojo pasaulinio karo manoma buvo išnykę. 1976-1977 m. Iki 1988 metu Lietuvoje buvo įrengti 9 aptvarai kuriuose buvo veisiami danieliai ir iš kurių kilo laisvėje Lietuvoje gyvenantys danieliai. Lietuvoje per paskutinius dešimt metų laikotarpį danielių pagausėjo. oficialiais apskaitos duomenimis 1997 metais vienuolikoje rajonų danielių buvo 470, 2008 m. duomenimis dvylikoje rajonų buvo suskaičiuoti 720 danieliai. 1997 m. 5 aptvaruose buvo laikoma 81 danieliai. Aptvarų skaičius per 10 metų smarkiai išaugo. 2007 m. užregistruoti 32 aptvarai kuriuose laikomų danielių skaičius sudarė 1019 individai. Laisvėje esančių danielių populiacija Anykščių rajone didėjo nuo 1993 m. (14 individų) iki 2008 m. (80 individų). Nuo 2007 metų fiksuojami jau ir Utenos (10 danielių) rajone. Danielių padėtis elninių žvėrių gildijoje Anykščių rajone 2005 – 2007 metais sudarė 23,4%; stirnų 74,2%; tauriųjų elnių 2,2%; briedžių 0.1%. Danielių bandos struktūrą sudaro: 24,4% patinai, 54,7% patelės, 21% jaunikliai. Labai svarbus danieliams yra papildomas šėrimas. Beveik pusė (46%) danielių pėdsakų transektose randami 100 metrų atstumu nuo šėryklos, o tolstant mažėja: 500 metrų atstumu – 29%, 1000 metrų atstumu – 25%. Tuo tarpų stirnoms šėrimo įtaka yra mažiau juntama. / In Lithuania, fallow-deer appeared in parks at the 17-19 c. Supposedly they disappeared after the Second World War. In 1976-1977 up to 1988, 9 warrens were set up where fallow-deer were bred which gave start for fallow deer living in freedom in Lithuania. Under the last ten years in Lithuania, fallow deer increased in number. According to official data, in 1997, in eleven districts fallow deer amounted to 470, while in 2008, they amounted to 720 in twelve districts. In 1997, there were 81 fallow deer in 5 warrens. In 10 years the warrens increased intensely in number. In 2007, 32 warrens were registered, where the fallow deer amounted to 1019. The population of fallow deer living in freedom in Anykščiai district has been increasing since 1993 (14 fallow deer) to 2008 (80 fallow deer). Since 2007, they have been registered even in Utena district (10 fallow deer). The amount of fallow deer among cervine animals in Anykščiai district in 2005-2007 made up 23,4%; roes - 74,2%; red deer 2,2%; moose 0.1%. The structure of fallow deer‘s bevy is as follows: 24,4% bucks, 54,7% does, 21% calves. Additional feeding is very important to fallow deer. Almost half (46%) of fallow deer‘s traces in trans-sects are found at the distance of 100 m from feeding place, and the amount is decreasing at the larger distance: at the distance of 500 m – 29%, at the distance of 1000 m – 25%. The impact of feeding on roes is minimal.

Submitted by MARA RÚBIA MENDES DE MELO null (mara_mendesmelo@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-25T14:16:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Déficit hídrico aplicado em cultivares de feijão, nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva, associado com o uso de água residuária.pdf: 1874561 bytes, checksum: e17b979fe41a2db6cd8eac9518080a9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-10-25T16:33:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_mrm_me_bot.pdf: 1874561 bytes, checksum: e17b979fe41a2db6cd8eac9518080a9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T16:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_mrm_me_bot.pdf: 1874561 bytes, checksum: e17b979fe41a2db6cd8eac9518080a9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito do déficit hídrico aplicado em duas cultivares de feijão, nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva, associado com o uso de água residuária. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, FCA/UNESP, campus de Botucatu/SP. O experimento foi conduzido de junho a dezembro de 2016, todo o ciclo em casa de vegetação. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2x3. O primeiro fator foram dois tipos de água para irrigação, potável (P) e residuária (R), o segundo duas cultivares de feijão sendo uma de ciclo precoce IAC imperador (C1) e uma de ciclo normal TAA Dama (C2), e o terceiro foram os regimes hídricos empregados: a) Testemunha: onde as plantas foram irrigadas diariamente, durante todo o ciclo, mantendo-se o solo na capacidade de campo, cujo valor foi -10kPa, correspondente ao teor de água no solo, obtido da Curva Característica de Água do Solo; b) Estresse 1: com deficiência hídrica na fase vegetativa; e c) Estresse 2: deficiência hídrica na fase reprodutiva, perfazendo um total de doze tratamentos com seis repetições. Cada repetição e/ou unidade experimental foi representada por um vaso, totalizando setenta e duas unidades experimentais, que foram identificadas. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento da planta, caracteres de produção, eficiência do uso da água e alterações químicas na planta, grão e solo. Com base nos resultados e de acordo com as condições experimentais pode-se concluir que: Os três fatores influenciaram o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, principalmente no fim do ciclo. Quanto à questão nutricional, a água residuária se destacou nos teores no tecido vegetal e grão. O solo sofreu mudanças na sua fertilidade com o uso da água residuária. Não houve interação dos fatores para os caracteres de produção avaliados. Os estresses hídricos nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva influenciaram em praticamente todas as avaliações, interferindo de forma negativa no desenvolvimento, nos caracteres de produção do feijoeiro e no teor de nutrientes. A eficiência do uso da água pela cultura, sofreu efeito dos estresses hídricos resultando em decréscimos na produtividade. / The objective of this work was to study the effect of the water deficit applied on two bean cultivars, in the vegetative and reproductive phases, associated with the use of wastewater. The work was carried out at the Lageado Experimental Farm, in the Rural Engineering Department, belonging to the School of Agriculture of the Sao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", FCA / UNESP, campus of Botucatu / SP. The experiment was conducted from June to December 2016, the whole cycle in a greenhouse. A completely randomized design was used in a 2x2x3 factorial scheme. The first factor was two types of water for irrigation, potable (P) and residuary (R), the second two bean cultivars being an early cycle IAC emperor (C1) and one of normal cycle TAA Dama (C2), and the third were the water regimes used: a) Witness: where the plants were irrigated daily, throughout the cycle, maintaining the soil in the field capacity, whose value was -10kPa, corresponding to the water content in the soil, obtained from the Curve Soil Water Characteristics; b) Stress 1: with water deficit in the vegetative phase; and c) Stress 2: water deficit in the reproductive phase, making a total of twelve treatments with six replicates. Each replicate and / or experimental unit was represented by a vessel, totaling seventy-two experimental units. Plant development, production characteristics, water use efficiency and chemical changes in plant, grain and soil were evaluated. Based on the results and according to the experimental conditions it can be concluded that: The three factors influenced the development of the bean, mainly at the end of the cycle. Regarding the nutritional question, the residual water stood out in the contents of the plant tissue and grain. The soil has undergone changes in its fertility with the use of residuary water. There was no interaction of the factors for the evaluated production characters. Water stresses in the vegetative and reproductive phases influenced practically all evaluations, negatively interfering with development, bean production characteristics and nutrient content. The efficiency of water use by the crop has been affected by water stresses, resulting in decreases in productivity. / CAPES: 1491332

Abstract The current Internet infrastructure must be architected to handle future media-rich, and content rich applications. The success of applications such as video-on-demand, multicast and content distribution depends on Quality of Service and bandwidth guarantees. Over the years, the Internet has encompassed many changes in traffic profiles and applications, in bandwidths and utilization, but the future Internet infrastructure necessitates a very different architecture supporting Quality of Service (QoS). A satellite, distinguished by features such as global coverage, bandwidth flexibility, broadcast, multicast, and reliability, is an excellent candidate to provide broadband integrated Internet access. The aim of this thesis is to explore suitability of satellite technologies for broadband Internet services with significant emphasis on the question of defining, assessing, and developing QoS models for satellite ATM and IP broadband networks with and without onboard processing. For the satellite Internet, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance is degraded due to long propagation delays, link errors, and bandwidth asymmetry. In this thesis, for satellite ATM, fundamental questions such as buffer requirements, TCP/ATM efficiency, fairness, and multiple access are addressed through extensive simulations in a quantitative way. Buffer designs for TCP over satellite ATM Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) service are performed. A buffer size equal to half the round trip delay-bandwidth product of the TCP connections provides high efficiency for TCP over satellite UBR. An extensive TCP analysis via simulation study for various TCP mechanisms and end system policies show that for satellite environment end system policies are more important than switch drop policies in terms of efficiency and fairness for World Wide Web traffic. A bandwidth allocation scheme is proposed and analytical model for supporting voice and video service over a broadband satellite network is developed. The study results demonstrate that non-contiguous allocation can afford higher gain in uplink utilizations. In this thesis, for the first time, Integrated Services and Differentiated Services based QoS architectures for broadband satellite IP networks are proposed and analyzed. In multimedia applications where User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used along with TCP, a fair excess bandwidth allocation is not possible because TCP is congestion sensitive whereas UDP is congestion insensitive. An extensive simulation model is developed to study the effect of precedence levels for reserved rate utilization and fairness with different buffer management policies. The simulation results indicate that three levels of precedence are required for better utilization. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) over Satellite network has been proposed and a simulation model developed to study the throughput performance impacts for TCP and UDP. The traffic engineering of MPLS facilitates efficient and reliable network design to optimize the utilization of network resources and enhance the network QoS. A novel Code Division Multiple Access based Spread ALOHA single code multiple access scheme for broadband satellite return channel is proposed as an alternative to Multifrequency-Time Division Multiple Access based Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite protocol. It is shown through Monte Carlo simulations that throughput for Spread ALOHA One Long Code equivalent to packet length, is better than Spread ALOHA One Code in which spreading sequence repeats every symbol. The reduction of throughput due to multi-user interference for different number of users is shown. Further research on QoS architectures, performance models for TCP enhancements, interworking functions, interoperability, and standardization efforts is included.

L'objet de cette thèse est de doter les réseaux satellites d'accès géostationnaires d'une architecture de QoS compatible avec l'infrastructure NGN (Next Generation Network) qui entend réaliser la convergence des réseaux et services de communication existants et à venir. Dans une première étape, nous établissons un modèle de QoS NGN s'inspirant principalement de l'évolution des architectures de QoS dans les réseaux IP. Dans une deuxième étape, nous démontrons que les réseaux satellites ne disposent pas, en l'état actuel, d'une architecture de QoS suffisamment mature pour assurer un accès large bande aux futurs services IP multimédias. Afin d'y remédier, nous spécifions une architecture de QoS NGN unifiée assurant une étroite collaboration entre les mécanismes de QoS déployés à différents niveaux de communication (Application, Session, Réseau et MAC). Elle assure à la fois une différenciation de la QoS adaptée aux besoins des différentes classes d'applications au niveau IP tout en optimisant l'utilisation des ressources satellites via des mécanismes de bande passante à la demande au niveau MAC. Deux solutions applicatives assurant la corrélation dynamique entre les applications et les services réseaux différenciés sont également spécifiées et implémentées. Enfin un émulateur satellite de niveau réseau a été implémenté et nous a permis d'évaluer les garanties de QoS offertes par notre architecture et de valider leur conformité avec les besoins d'applications multimédias réelles.

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