Den här högskoleavhandlingen beskriver framtagningen av en modell för en kombinerad styr- och mätutrustning. Syftet med utrustningen är att använda denna för att underlätta vidare utveckling av organisk elektronik vilket är ett av Acreo AB:s forskningsområden. Istället för att till varje ny komponent eller system utveckla ett nytt testsystem kan denna modell användas på ett generellt sätt, vilket sparar värdefull utvecklingstid. I avhandlingen presenteras först de krav som utrustningen ska uppfylla följt av några förslag på lösningar. Därefter väljs ett av förslagen och en grundläggande implementering genomförs med hänsyn mot kraven. Slutligen innehåller rapporten förslag på hur vidare arbete med modellen kan ske. / This bachelor thesis describes the developing of a model for combined steering and measuring equipment. The purpose is to ease further developing of organic electronics, which is one of Acreo AB’s research areas. A test system is needed for every new component or system developed. Instead of constructing a new test environment for every case this equipment will be a general solution that will save valuable developing time. This thesis will first present the requirements followed by some proposal solutions. Thereafter one proposal will be chosen and an essential implementation will be done with consideration of the requirements. Finally the thesis contains suggestions on how to further develop the model.

The implementation of multiple processors on a single chip has been made possible with advancements in process technology. The benefits of having multiple cores on a single chip bring with it a new set of constraints for maintaining fast and consistent memory accesses. Cache coherence protocols are needed to maintain the consistency of shared memory on individual caches. Current cache coherency protocols are either snoop based, which is not scalable but provides fast access for small number of cores, or directory based, which involves a directory that acts as the ordering point providing scalability with relatively slower access. Our focus is on improving the memory access time of the scalable directory protocol. We have observed that most memory requests follow a pattern where in one of the processors, which we will dub the Producer, repeatedly writes to a particular memory location. A subset of the remaining cores, which we will dub the Consumers, repeatedly read the data from that same memory location. In our implementation we utilize this relationship to provide direct cache to cache transfers and minimize the access time by avoiding the indirection through the directory. We move the directory temporarily to the Producer node so that the consumer can directly request the producer for the cache line. Our technique improves the memory access time by 13 percent and reduces network traffic by 30 percent over standard directory coherence protocol with very little area overhead.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-03T16:32:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Catarina.pdf: 11081467 bytes, checksum: 1930c1981b8aba0484b9c087e89fbea1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-03T16:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Catarina.pdf: 11081467 bytes, checksum: 1930c1981b8aba0484b9c087e89fbea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-30 / Programa de Recursos Humanos da Petrobrás / A soldagem é um processo mecânico que une partes de componentes mecânicos, mas ao mesmo tempo, pode causar transtornos na montagem e operação desses componentes. Uma das grandes preocupações do processo de soldagem, é a tensão residual. Esse trabalho busca correlacionar os valores de tensões residuais longitudinal e transversais, com a tensão de recuo, fruto do efeito anisotrópico presente em chapas laminadas. As tensões residuais foram calculadas através do método teórico-experimental de deslocamento de pontos coordenados (DPC) e comparadas com o método consagrado de DR-X. O material utilizado foi um aço estrutural naval ASTM A131 Grau AH-36, soldado pelo processo MAG no sentido da laminação e transversalmente a ela. Após o processo de soldagem, foram feitos furos sobre a zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e o cordão de solda. Suas coordenadas foram mapeadas a partir de um furo de referência, em uma máquina de medição por coordenadas (MMC). Posteriormente, as chapas passaram por um processo de alívio de tensão, onde ocorreram deslocamentos (escoamento) dos pontos em questão. A partir desses deslocamentos, as tensões residuais foram calculadas através da Lei de Hooke. Foi visto que os valores das tensões residuais calculadas pelo método DPC estão dentro do limite de tolerância dos valores medidos pelo método DR-X. A partir do ensaio de tração foi encontrada a tensão de recuo do material. / Welding is a mechanical process which helps join together parts of components, whilst at the same time, causes great setbacks if not well specified. One of many worries of the welding process are residual stresses left on the material. This work intends to relate longwise and crosswise residual stresses values through back stress, a result of the anisotropic effect of welded rolled steel sheets. Residual stresses were calculated through the theoretic-experimental method of displacements of coordinated points (DCP) and compared with the well-known X-Ray method. The used material was a naval structure steel ASTM A131 grade AH-36, welded by MAG process, both by rolling direction and transverse to it. After the welding process, the sheets had some points drilled over the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the weld bead, which were later mapped from an origin reference point by a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). Then, the sheets were submitted to an annealing heat treatment in which the previously mapped points would be displaced (yielding). From these displacements, residual stresses were calculated by using Hooke’s Law. It was seen that residual stresses values calculated by DCP method are within range of values measured by DR-X method. From the tensile strength test, the material back stress was found.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Civil Engineering / Alok Bhandari / Aquifers are frequently contaminated by phenolic compounds from spills, leaking underground storage tanks, or landfills. These compounds can be toxic to a variety of organisms including humans. Their disposal is restricted in many countries with strict limits for acceptable concentrations in drinking water. Phenols that are chlorinated have significantly greater toxicity and are resistant to aerobic biodegradation. Enzyme-mediated in situ stabilization has been advocated as an approach for the treatment of phenolic compounds in soils and groundwater. This research investigated the applicability of a luminol-based chemiluminescence assay to monitor transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme in saturated porous media. The chemiluminescence assay was optimized by varying solution conditions such as the concentration of luminol, p-iodophenol, hydrogen peroxide, ionic strength and pH. All assay components were found to affect the maximum chemiluminescene intensity. The study also evaluated the ability of HRP to mediate the removal of phenol from solution by catalyzing its oxidative polymerization in simulated aquifer conditions. HRP behaved as a conservative tracer in the column packed with Ottawa sand. The concentration of phenol in the column effluent was found to decrease by nearly 90% in the presence of HRP and H2O2 in the continuous flow system. HRP mediated oxidative polymerization of phenols resulted in the production of soluble and insoluble oligomeric products. Modification of porous media caused by the deposition of phenol polymerization products was studied and the impact of media modification on subsequent transport of phenolic contaminants was evaluated using 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as a probe solute. The pore volume of the porous media was reduced due to the deposition of insoluble phenolic oligomers. The transport behavior of 2,4-DCP showed that the contaminant was retarded in the modified porous media.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-01T14:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Leonardo Gadelha Tumajan Costa de Melo.pdf: 3712487 bytes, checksum: 319470ec99fc796f895904606d046fc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T14:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Leonardo Gadelha Tumajan Costa de Melo.pdf: 3712487 bytes, checksum: 319470ec99fc796f895904606d046fc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-25 / CAPES / A escolha de parâmetros de soldagem é uma etapa importante do processo de soldagem, influenciando diretamente no aporte térmico fornecido às juntas soldadas. Neste trabalho, alguns parâmetros de soldagem foram escolhidos para analisar suas influências nas tensões residuais, obtidas através do método de Deslocamento de Pontos Coordenados (DPC) em chapas de aço naval ASTM A-131 grau AH-36. Chapas de teste com dimensões de 200 mm x 70 mm e 13,7 mm de espessura foram soldadas através do processo Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) seguindo o sentido de laminação. Para análise das tensões, foram escolhidas as condições de referência como: velocidade de soldagem de 6 mm/s, ângulo de bisel de 25° e tensão de soldagem média de 19,63 V. Posteriormente, cada um desses parâmetros foi variado, porém mantendo-se constantes os demais. Deste modo, foi possível estabelecer comparações entre um parâmetro dito padrão e suas variações. Para a chapa padrão, as médias das tensões residuais obtidas foram 138,13 MPa e 153,65 MPa, medidas a 3 mm e 2 mm da borda do cordão de solda, respectivamente. Para as amostras nas quais houve redução da velocidade de soldagem de 6mm/s para 3,5mm/s, as médias das tensões residuais medidas foram 34,67 MPa e 42,32 MPa, a 3 mm e 2mm da borda do cordão de solda, respectivamente. Para as amostras soldadas nas quais o ângulo de bisel foi aumentado de 25° para 35°, as médias das tensões residuais medidas foram 28,29 MPa e 31,96 MPa, a 3 mm e 2 mm da borda do cordão de solda, respectivamente. Por fim, para o aumento da tensão de soldagem média de 19,63 V para 26,48 V, as média das tensões residuais calculadas foram 50,81 Mpa e 47,39 MPa, a 3 mm e 2 mm da borda do cordão de solda, respectivamente. As tensões residuais calculadas apresentaram comportamentos esperados. Assim, foi evidenciado como a mudança de parâmetros de soldagem influencia de forma significativa as tensões residuais na peça soldada. / Choosing welding parameters is an important step of the welding process, which may influence directly in the heat input provided. In this study, some welding parameters were selected in order to analyze their influences in calculating residual stresses through Displacement of Coordinated Points (DCP) method in ASTM A-131 grade AH36 naval steel sheets. Samples with 200 mm x 70 mm and 13,7 mm thickness were welded through Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process according to rolling direction. To analyze the stresses, standard conditions were defined, such as welding speed of 6 mm/s, bevel angle of 25°, average welding voltage of 19,63 V. Then, each parameter was switched, however, only one at a time, keeping the rest of them constant. This way it was possible to establish comparisons between a standard parameter's value and its variation. For the standard sample, the average residual stresses found were 138,13 MPa and 153,65 MPa, by 3 mm and 2 mm from bead margin, respectively. For the samples in which welding speed was lowered from 6 mm/s to 3,5 mm/s, the average measured residual stresses were 34,67 MPa and 42,32 MPa, by 3 mm and 2 mm from bead margin, respectively. For the welded samples in which bevel angle was increased from 25° to 35°, the average measured residual stresses were 28,29 MPa and 31,96 MPa, by 3 mm and 2 mm from bead margin, respectively. Finally, for an increase in average welding voltage from 19,63 V to 26,48 V, the average calculated residual stresses were 50,81 MPa and 47,39 MPa, by 3 mm and 2 mm from bead margin. The calculated residual stresses presented as expected. It was evidenced how changing welding parameters would influence the residual stresses in a welded component in a significant way.

Ultra-high temperature (i.e., greater than 2500°C) engineering applications present continued materials challenges. Refractory metal/ceramic composites have great potential to satisfy the demands of extreme environments (e.g., the environments found in solid rocket motors upon ignition), though general scalable processing techniques to fabricate complex shaped parts are lacking. The work embodied in this dissertation advances scientific knowledge in the development of processing techniques to form complex, near net-shape, near net-dimension, near fully-dense refractory metal/ceramic composites with controlled phase contents and microstructure. Three research thrusts are detailed in this document. First, the utilization of rapid prototyping techniques, such as computer numerical controlled machining and three dimensional printing, for the fabrication of porous tungsten carbide preforms and their application with the Displacive Compensation of Porosity process is demonstrated. Second, carbon substrates and preforms have been reactively converted to porous tungsten/tungsten carbide replicas via a novel gas-solid displacement reaction. Lastly, non-oxide ceramic solid solutions have been internally reduced to create intragranular metal/ceramic micro/nanocomposites. All three techniques combined have the potential to produce nanostructured refractory metal/ceramic composite materials with tailorable microstructure for ultra-high temperature applications.

Placa óssea é o nome designado para os implantes sintéticos utilizados como suporte – a fim de auxiliar na consolidação óssea − quando por algum motivo ocorrer fratura do sistema ósseo do corpo humano. Esta tese investiga o comportamento em fadiga de placas ósseas, do tipo DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate), utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas do fêmur, fabricadas em aço inoxidável e submetidas a condições pré-operatórias. A deformação pré-operatória é uma prática comum realizada antes da operação cirúrgica, a qual consiste no encurvamento do componente, com o objetivo de ajustar a placa à anatomia do osso, aumentando a compressão nos ossos fraturados e facilitando a consolidação óssea. O encurvamento da placa gera deformação plástica permanente no metal, sendo previsto na norma de placas ósseas da série ABNT NBR 15676 (equivalente à ASTM F 382). Contudo, na mesma série de normas, é recomendado que o ensaio de fadiga em flexão seja conduzido sem a deformação da placa, o que não condiz com a realidade de utilização do componente. Desta forma, uma investigação aprofundada sobre as tensões residuais impostas pelo encurvamento da placa, e suas consequências na vida em fadiga foram analisadas, com o intuito de verificar a influência deste procedimento na resistência do componente. Para isto, 30 placas foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes requisitos: acabamento superficial (lupa), tensões residuais (difratômetro de raio X), flexão estático e fadiga (máquina de ensaios mecânicos servo-hidráulica), superfície de fratura (microscópio eletrônico de varredura) e aspecto microestrutural (microscópio ótico). Os resultados indicam que o dobramento controlado pode contribuir para resistência da placa, porém se o dobramento for realizado de forma descontrolada, a resistência à fadiga é reduzida, expondo o paciente a um risco de fratura do componente metálico dentro do corpo. / Bone plate is the name designated to the synthetic implants used to give support to a fractured bone of the human skeletal system. This thesis investigates the fatigue behavior of DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate) plate bone, which is used for treatment of femoral fractures, treatment of femoral fractures manufactured in stainless steel and subjected to preoperative conditions. Preoperative deformation, or contouring, is a common practice performed before surgical operation, which consists to bend the component, in order to adjust it to the bone anatomy, increasing the compression on the fractured bones and facilitating bone healing. This practice is predicted in the bone plates standard (ABNT NBR 15676/ASTM F382). However, the test method recommends that the test should be conducted without contouring, but this is not consistent with the reality of the component use. Thus, a thorough investigation of residual stresses imposed by the plate bending and their consequences on fatigue limit were analyzed, in order to check the influence of this procedure on the strength of the component. Therefore, 30 plates were evaluated against the following requirements: surface finish (stereoscopic microscope), residual stress (X-ray diffractometer), static and dynamic bend testing (Servo Hydraulic Mechanical Testing Machines), fracture surface analysis (scanning electron microscope) and microstructural aspects (optical microscope). The results indicate that controlled bending contributes to plate strength, but if uncontrolled bending is carried out, the fatigue strength is reduced, exposing the patient to a risk of breaking the component inside the body.

Placa óssea é o nome designado para os implantes sintéticos utilizados como suporte – a fim de auxiliar na consolidação óssea − quando por algum motivo ocorrer fratura do sistema ósseo do corpo humano. Esta tese investiga o comportamento em fadiga de placas ósseas, do tipo DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate), utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas do fêmur, fabricadas em aço inoxidável e submetidas a condições pré-operatórias. A deformação pré-operatória é uma prática comum realizada antes da operação cirúrgica, a qual consiste no encurvamento do componente, com o objetivo de ajustar a placa à anatomia do osso, aumentando a compressão nos ossos fraturados e facilitando a consolidação óssea. O encurvamento da placa gera deformação plástica permanente no metal, sendo previsto na norma de placas ósseas da série ABNT NBR 15676 (equivalente à ASTM F 382). Contudo, na mesma série de normas, é recomendado que o ensaio de fadiga em flexão seja conduzido sem a deformação da placa, o que não condiz com a realidade de utilização do componente. Desta forma, uma investigação aprofundada sobre as tensões residuais impostas pelo encurvamento da placa, e suas consequências na vida em fadiga foram analisadas, com o intuito de verificar a influência deste procedimento na resistência do componente. Para isto, 30 placas foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes requisitos: acabamento superficial (lupa), tensões residuais (difratômetro de raio X), flexão estático e fadiga (máquina de ensaios mecânicos servo-hidráulica), superfície de fratura (microscópio eletrônico de varredura) e aspecto microestrutural (microscópio ótico). Os resultados indicam que o dobramento controlado pode contribuir para resistência da placa, porém se o dobramento for realizado de forma descontrolada, a resistência à fadiga é reduzida, expondo o paciente a um risco de fratura do componente metálico dentro do corpo. / Bone plate is the name designated to the synthetic implants used to give support to a fractured bone of the human skeletal system. This thesis investigates the fatigue behavior of DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate) plate bone, which is used for treatment of femoral fractures, treatment of femoral fractures manufactured in stainless steel and subjected to preoperative conditions. Preoperative deformation, or contouring, is a common practice performed before surgical operation, which consists to bend the component, in order to adjust it to the bone anatomy, increasing the compression on the fractured bones and facilitating bone healing. This practice is predicted in the bone plates standard (ABNT NBR 15676/ASTM F382). However, the test method recommends that the test should be conducted without contouring, but this is not consistent with the reality of the component use. Thus, a thorough investigation of residual stresses imposed by the plate bending and their consequences on fatigue limit were analyzed, in order to check the influence of this procedure on the strength of the component. Therefore, 30 plates were evaluated against the following requirements: surface finish (stereoscopic microscope), residual stress (X-ray diffractometer), static and dynamic bend testing (Servo Hydraulic Mechanical Testing Machines), fracture surface analysis (scanning electron microscope) and microstructural aspects (optical microscope). The results indicate that controlled bending contributes to plate strength, but if uncontrolled bending is carried out, the fatigue strength is reduced, exposing the patient to a risk of breaking the component inside the body.

Placa óssea é o nome designado para os implantes sintéticos utilizados como suporte – a fim de auxiliar na consolidação óssea − quando por algum motivo ocorrer fratura do sistema ósseo do corpo humano. Esta tese investiga o comportamento em fadiga de placas ósseas, do tipo DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate), utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas do fêmur, fabricadas em aço inoxidável e submetidas a condições pré-operatórias. A deformação pré-operatória é uma prática comum realizada antes da operação cirúrgica, a qual consiste no encurvamento do componente, com o objetivo de ajustar a placa à anatomia do osso, aumentando a compressão nos ossos fraturados e facilitando a consolidação óssea. O encurvamento da placa gera deformação plástica permanente no metal, sendo previsto na norma de placas ósseas da série ABNT NBR 15676 (equivalente à ASTM F 382). Contudo, na mesma série de normas, é recomendado que o ensaio de fadiga em flexão seja conduzido sem a deformação da placa, o que não condiz com a realidade de utilização do componente. Desta forma, uma investigação aprofundada sobre as tensões residuais impostas pelo encurvamento da placa, e suas consequências na vida em fadiga foram analisadas, com o intuito de verificar a influência deste procedimento na resistência do componente. Para isto, 30 placas foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes requisitos: acabamento superficial (lupa), tensões residuais (difratômetro de raio X), flexão estático e fadiga (máquina de ensaios mecânicos servo-hidráulica), superfície de fratura (microscópio eletrônico de varredura) e aspecto microestrutural (microscópio ótico). Os resultados indicam que o dobramento controlado pode contribuir para resistência da placa, porém se o dobramento for realizado de forma descontrolada, a resistência à fadiga é reduzida, expondo o paciente a um risco de fratura do componente metálico dentro do corpo. / Bone plate is the name designated to the synthetic implants used to give support to a fractured bone of the human skeletal system. This thesis investigates the fatigue behavior of DCP (Dynamic Compression Plate) plate bone, which is used for treatment of femoral fractures, treatment of femoral fractures manufactured in stainless steel and subjected to preoperative conditions. Preoperative deformation, or contouring, is a common practice performed before surgical operation, which consists to bend the component, in order to adjust it to the bone anatomy, increasing the compression on the fractured bones and facilitating bone healing. This practice is predicted in the bone plates standard (ABNT NBR 15676/ASTM F382). However, the test method recommends that the test should be conducted without contouring, but this is not consistent with the reality of the component use. Thus, a thorough investigation of residual stresses imposed by the plate bending and their consequences on fatigue limit were analyzed, in order to check the influence of this procedure on the strength of the component. Therefore, 30 plates were evaluated against the following requirements: surface finish (stereoscopic microscope), residual stress (X-ray diffractometer), static and dynamic bend testing (Servo Hydraulic Mechanical Testing Machines), fracture surface analysis (scanning electron microscope) and microstructural aspects (optical microscope). The results indicate that controlled bending contributes to plate strength, but if uncontrolled bending is carried out, the fatigue strength is reduced, exposing the patient to a risk of breaking the component inside the body.

No description available.