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by Cheung Yiu Kwong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-68). / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of contents --- p.v / List of tables --- p.vi / List of appendix --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Method --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Results --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Discussion --- p.44 / References --- p.59 / Appendix --- p.69

This study briefly reviews both historical and recent conceptualizations of dependency. In particular, it focuses on this concept's applicability to patients with chronic illnesses, especially those with allergies. Type and degree of dependency were seen as an important factor in the approach to the medical and psychological treatment of clinical ecology patients. The purpose of the study was to develop an objective measure of dependency which could quickly identify patients whose dependency conflicts interfere with the treatment process. The study was divided into three phases. In the first phase test responses by 84 inpatients to the CAQ, MMPI, and the HAT as well as historical and demographic data were analyzed by a series of stepwise discriminant analysis. The 53 resulting items were examined for those which most concisely discriminated between the two identified groups (pathologically dependent and nonpathologically dependent). These 15 items were used to test 120 additional patients in phase II. Fourteen items were retained and the coefficients obtained classified the patients in phase I and II with a 98.81 percent and 94.17 percent degree of accuracy respectively. These classification coefficients were used to classify another 30 patients in phase III with a 96.67 percent rate of accuracy. These results provide exceptionally strong support for the hypothesis that group classification can be obtained through the use of an objective screening instrument. The pathologically dependent patients tend to focus on disease, frequently are unemployed, have histories of childhood illnesses, have limited emotional controls, are depressed, ambivalent, and distrustful. Additionally, they experience difficulty establishing goals or accepting personal responsibility. Those patients identified as nonpathologically dependent exemplify the more positive aspects of these traits. The pathologically dependent patients appear to be caught in a dilemma between wellness and satisfaction of dependency needs. While all patients need an organized approach to treatment, the pathologically dependent require an extremely structured repititious approach and may require long term psychological intervention in order to make positive steps toward wellness.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 196-222.

Both interpersonal dependency and the importance of the therapeutic alliance to successful psychotherapy outcomes have been widely studied. However, these two areas of study rarely have been viewed conjointly despite the reportedly large number of clients with dependency who present for treatment. This study elucidated the relationship between interpersonal dependency and the therapeutic alliance. Additional hypotheses explored client-therapist agreement on alliance strength in relation to client interpersonal dependency. Participants were graduate student therapists (N = 26) and their individual psychotherapy clients (N = 40) in a training clinic at a large, southwestern university. Within their first three sessions of psychotherapy, participating clients told nine Thematic Apperception Test stories and completed structured self-report measures of adult attachment, social desirability, and psychological symptoms. Interpersonal dependency was scored from the TAT stories, using the TAT Oral Dependency (TOD) scoring system developed by Masling, Rabie, and Blondheim (1967) and Huprich (2008). Three sessions following initial data collection, participating clients and their therapists completed structured self-report measures of the therapeutic alliance. Analyses revealed that interpersonal dependency was not significantly associated with client and therapist alliance ratings or the congruence between client and therapist alliance ratings. However, specific scoring categories of the TOD were associated with client alliance scores in opposing directions. In contrast to hypotheses, self-reported attachment-related dependency was significantly related to client alliance ratings and to the congruence between therapist and client alliance ratings. Clients with higher levels of self-reported attachment-related dependency rated the alliance less favorably, in agreement with their therapists, than did clients with lower levels of attachment-related dependency. Additional analyses were unsuccessful in replicating findings from previous research on interpersonal dependency. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the differences between dependent personality characteristics and clinical symptomology as measured by the MCMI-II, in three major psychiatric syndromes in inpatient and outpatient treatment settings. Results show differences in profile in all groups. Treatment setting differences show higher scores on alcohol and drug dependence and major depression for inpatients. The affective group exhibited higher scores on dependent personality, dysthymic and major depression, confirming previous research on depressive disorders and dependent personality.

O amor patológico caracterizado pelo comportamento de prestar cuidados e atenção ao parceiro, de maneira repetitiva e desprovida de controle, em um relacionamento amoroso é um quadro pouco estudado cientificamente, apesar de não ser raro e de gerar sofrimento importante. Com o intuito de compreender os aspectos clínicos e de personalidade associados ao amor patológico, os seguintes fatores foram analisados: impulsividade, personalidade, satisfação com o relacionamento amoroso, estilo de amor e tipo de apego. Além de revisar a literatura, os dados obtidos, por meio da aplicação de vários instrumentos em 50 sujeitos com amor patológico e 39 sujeitos saudáveis evidenciaram que indivíduos com amor patológico apresentam alta impulsividade (p<0.001; Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt), elevada auto-transcendência, isto é, senso de fazer parte de uma realidade maior (p<0.001; Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter), e manutenção de relacionamento amoroso com baixa qualidade (p<0.001; Escala de Avaliação do Relacionamento Adaptada). Assim, essa população necessita, por parte dos centros de tratamento especializados, de avaliação e abordagem terapêutica efetivas, as quais devem contemplar as características clínicas e de personalidade específicas dessa condição / Pathological love characterized by the behavior of providing repetitive and uncontrolled care and attention to the partner in a romantic relationship is a rarely studied condition, despite not being rare and causing suffering. In order to know the clinical and personality aspects associated with pathological love, the following factors were analyzed: impulsivity, personality, satisfaction with romantic relationship, love style, and type of attachment. Besides revisiting the literature, the data obtained from the application of various instruments in 50 subjects with pathological love and 39 healthy subjects showed that individuals with pathological love present higher impulsivity (p<0.001; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), elevated selftranscendence, that is, hold sense of communion with a wider reality (p<0.001; Temperament and Character Inventory) and keep dissatisfactory romantic relationships (p<0.001; Adapted Relationship Assessment Scale). Hence, this population needs effective assessment and therapeutic strategies, which must take into account the specific clinical and personality characteristics of the condition