Along with science and technology gradually make progress, there is no distance between country. WTO world commerce cloggy eliminate, have no frontier's confine to make product and service that almost be obvious everywhere in the world. Under economic liberalization and internationalize affection, make enterprise management no longer confine to one area or single country. Economic globalization impact everywhere in the world. Iron and steel industry can¡¦t also avoid meeting severely impact and change. In 2002, because global economies gradually change better, lead to international steel market demand to grow up quickly. It is fourth season to reach the best. Price appears take on upspring, too. Due to every important manufacturer rob to buy materical each other in the world, appear steel materical demand to exceed supply. At the end of the year 2003, America, European union, mainland China cancel import restriction successively. At the beginning of the year 2004, price of freight, iron ore, coalmine, scrap steel (Steel ingredient) increases largely at the same time. Many countries ensure steel requirement materials at home, so steel importation tariff transfer fall successively. It makes strict confine measure gradually change to loose. Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet requires mean consumption to grows up 4.4% near five years in the world. Price also rise along with the price of Hot-Rolled Steel Coil is on raise at the same time. Steel market changes quickly like electronic product¡¦s life. Steel industry face structure change and reform management. In the world, all steel industry is toward competition and cooperative style. Industry internationalize brings manufacture and sales mode's changed. Industry protection policy already do not exist. With environment changed quickly, enterprise do the best increase management performance. It just be able to abidingly run and develop. The study chiefly use questionaire as interview style to get information and organize theoretical document to review and research. Let us know Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet and Prepainted Hot-Dip Zinc Coated Steel Sheet company how to develop in the world now. It is as Yiehphui company for example, explore Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel Sheet and Prepainted Hot-Dip Zinc Coated Steel Sheet industry how to take advantage of limited source and face industry environmental change to upgrade management technique. By industry internationalization working principles, make enterprise management risk asunders and create industry competition advantage. It becomes industry developmental reference. The study shows some conclusions as follows: 1. Materials source need stability and multiplication. It avoid confining provider but have no method to acquire advantaged negotiate. 2. International steel area integrated tendency have already formed. Major company become bigger and bigger can not avoid. Individual company should cooperation or tactic federation at home with same industry company, form area economy magnitude and debases competition pressure. 3. Push and import TPM management system and TSM work safe management system to healthy company operate constitution and attract elitist. 4. Global market runs for springboard as strengthen developmental technology, develop high affixation value product and new product use domain. It aggravates brand impression and difference product to used for seize more market area and market benefit.

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Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 116-127.

The largest earthquakes occur along the subduction thrust interface known as the seismogenic zone. Until recently, erosive margins like Tonga and Honshu have been thought to be unable to support earthquakes with magnitudes higher than 8.5. However, Mw 9, 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake in Honshu requires a reevaluation of this notion. The seismic potential of Tonga is likely affected by the vertical spatial extent of the up-dip and down-dip limits, which confines the seismogenic zone. The larger the area of the seismogenic zone, the higher the potential for larger earthquakes. Some models suggest that down-dip limit coincides with the fore-arc Moho while others suggest that they are coincident with thermally controlled mineralogical phase changes during slab descent. Tonga is an ideal place to discriminate between these possibilities, as the incoming Pacific plate is cold and thick with rapid convergence, extending cool isotherms deep into the system. In contrast, the fore-arc Moho is only ~16 km deep. This study tests the hypothesis that the down-dip limit of the Tonga seismogenic zone coincides with the fore-arc Moho and thus ceases the seismicity by initiating a stable sliding between the mantle and the subducting crust. We determine the depth of the down-dip limit in Tonga by mapping the distribution of earthquakes recorded for a six-month period from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010 by a deployment of ocean bottom seismographs above the Tonga subduction zone. The earthquakes are located by a combination of grid-search method and least-square inversion of the observed arrival times. We identified a down-dip limit at a minimum depth of about 40 km below the sea level suggesting that the hypothesis is failed. Therefore, the commonly held idea that down-dip limit is coincides with the fore-arc Moho is not true in the Tonga case. It is likely controlled by the degree of serpentinization in the mantle wedge controlling the transition from stick-slip to stable sliding.

Supercapacitors have attracted great attention because of their high power density, long life cycle and high efficiency. They can be generally classified into two types: electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors. Compared with pseudocapacitors, EDLCs have a very fast charge/discharge rate, higher power density, higher coulombic efficiency and longer cycle life. Recently, in order to meet the requirements of portable and wearable electronics, supercapacitor development is moving towards flexible and stretchable solutions. This thesis presents the design, fabrication, performance testing and optimisation of flexible strip and fibre EDLCs. In this research, a sandwich structured strip EDLC was designed and manufactured. Experimental design was utilised to optimise the operation parameters of the EDLC in order to improve its capacity for energy storage. The flexibility of the strip EDLCs was studied extensively by mechanical tests under static and dynamic loading conditions, and the correlation between the electrochemical performance of the EDLCs and the mechanical testing process was investigated. Novel coaxial fibre EDLCs have also been studied and developed in this study. Fibre supercapacitors showed a good flexibility and weavability. The activated carbon produced by ball-milling method with optimum specific capacitance was mixed with commercial ink to produce active material to optimise the electrochemical performance of fibre EDLCs. The flexible EDLCs were applied into different appliances to demonstrate the stability of performance and the usability of EDLCs developed in this study. The electrical current and potential range can be altered by connecting multiple strip or fibre EDLCs in parallel or in series to meet the power and energy requirements. It has been proved that the flexible EDLCs developed have a great potential to be used as energy storage devices for smart electronics. This thesis makes original contributions to knowledge, including using an advanced test method to study the electrochemical performance of flexible supercapacitors under static and dynamic mechanical testing, investigation of the effect of key parameters in the manufacturing process on the performance of strip supercapacitors using experimental design method to optimise the supercapacitors’ performance, and optimisation of the performance of fibre supercapacitors by improving the structure and using a new active material with higher specific capacitance.

Na busca contínua de atender as exigências de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas devem buscar diminuir todas as suas perdas em seus processos produtivos, reduzindo custos e ganhando margem em seus produtos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os fenômenos presentes na ocorrência de quebras dos produtos derivados do aço SAE 1057B trefilado e galvanizado utilizado em culturas aéreas. O estudo utilizou bibliografia documental, pesquisa de laboratório e uma amostra composta por trinta e seis relatórios de análises sobre o desempenho do produto intermediário trefilado, ou do produto final galvanizado. Os dados referem-se à eventos de falhas do produto em quaisquer etapas do processo produtivo e mesmo de aplicação em campo. Juntamente com ensaios efetuados especificamente para amparar as conclusões destes relatórios, efetuou-se pesquisa bibliográfica para dar suporte às conclusões. Identificaram-se similaridades entre estudos de alguns autores e análises amostrais de testes padronizados de tração e enrolamento sobre o próprio eixo de outubro 2010 a setembro de 2011. Os resultados mostraram que o fenômeno que induz a um elevado índice de quebra do arame Cultura Aérea é o envelhecimento que ocorre posteriormente à sua passagem por elevadas reduções percentuais de área no processo de trefilação, que encrua o material, e em função de elevadas temperaturas encontradas no processo de galvanização, tendo, ainda, suas consequências amplificadas por pontos de concentração de tensões. Algumas soluções para amenizar a ocorrência do envelhecimento foram propostas, como o aumento do número de passes, o que reduz o encruamento, e a substituição do material por outro menos suscetível ao fenômeno, como um com menor percentual de carbono. / In the ongoing pursuit to meet demands of an increasingly competitive market, companies have to reduce all their losses in the production process, therefore reducing costs and adding margin to their products. The main goal of this study was to investigate the phenomena present in the occurrence of ruptures of products originated from drawn and galvanized SAE 1057B steel, used in aerial cultivation. The study uses literature and laboratory research and a sample of thirty-six report concerning galvanized final and drawn intermediate product behavior. The data reference to product failure in any stage of the productive process or in field application. Along with testing a bibliographical research was made for conclusion support . Similarities were found between some authors studies and sample analysis of standardized tensile tests and winding over own axis tests from October 2010 to September 2011. The results shown that the primary phenomenon inducing wire failure in aerial cultivation wire is alignment of the hardening due to the high percentage area reductions in the drawing process that allows the development of the strain aging phenomenon after the hot dip galvanizing process witch has it´s effects enhanced by stress concentration points. Some solutions to mitigate the strain aging were proposed, like increasing the number of reduction passes for hardening reduction and the use of less susceptible material to the phenomena as a lower percentage carbon steel.

Na busca contínua de atender as exigências de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas devem buscar diminuir todas as suas perdas em seus processos produtivos, reduzindo custos e ganhando margem em seus produtos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os fenômenos presentes na ocorrência de quebras dos produtos derivados do aço SAE 1057B trefilado e galvanizado utilizado em culturas aéreas. O estudo utilizou bibliografia documental, pesquisa de laboratório e uma amostra composta por trinta e seis relatórios de análises sobre o desempenho do produto intermediário trefilado, ou do produto final galvanizado. Os dados referem-se à eventos de falhas do produto em quaisquer etapas do processo produtivo e mesmo de aplicação em campo. Juntamente com ensaios efetuados especificamente para amparar as conclusões destes relatórios, efetuou-se pesquisa bibliográfica para dar suporte às conclusões. Identificaram-se similaridades entre estudos de alguns autores e análises amostrais de testes padronizados de tração e enrolamento sobre o próprio eixo de outubro 2010 a setembro de 2011. Os resultados mostraram que o fenômeno que induz a um elevado índice de quebra do arame Cultura Aérea é o envelhecimento que ocorre posteriormente à sua passagem por elevadas reduções percentuais de área no processo de trefilação, que encrua o material, e em função de elevadas temperaturas encontradas no processo de galvanização, tendo, ainda, suas consequências amplificadas por pontos de concentração de tensões. Algumas soluções para amenizar a ocorrência do envelhecimento foram propostas, como o aumento do número de passes, o que reduz o encruamento, e a substituição do material por outro menos suscetível ao fenômeno, como um com menor percentual de carbono. / In the ongoing pursuit to meet demands of an increasingly competitive market, companies have to reduce all their losses in the production process, therefore reducing costs and adding margin to their products. The main goal of this study was to investigate the phenomena present in the occurrence of ruptures of products originated from drawn and galvanized SAE 1057B steel, used in aerial cultivation. The study uses literature and laboratory research and a sample of thirty-six report concerning galvanized final and drawn intermediate product behavior. The data reference to product failure in any stage of the productive process or in field application. Along with testing a bibliographical research was made for conclusion support . Similarities were found between some authors studies and sample analysis of standardized tensile tests and winding over own axis tests from October 2010 to September 2011. The results shown that the primary phenomenon inducing wire failure in aerial cultivation wire is alignment of the hardening due to the high percentage area reductions in the drawing process that allows the development of the strain aging phenomenon after the hot dip galvanizing process witch has it´s effects enhanced by stress concentration points. Some solutions to mitigate the strain aging were proposed, like increasing the number of reduction passes for hardening reduction and the use of less susceptible material to the phenomena as a lower percentage carbon steel.

Na busca contínua de atender as exigências de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas devem buscar diminuir todas as suas perdas em seus processos produtivos, reduzindo custos e ganhando margem em seus produtos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os fenômenos presentes na ocorrência de quebras dos produtos derivados do aço SAE 1057B trefilado e galvanizado utilizado em culturas aéreas. O estudo utilizou bibliografia documental, pesquisa de laboratório e uma amostra composta por trinta e seis relatórios de análises sobre o desempenho do produto intermediário trefilado, ou do produto final galvanizado. Os dados referem-se à eventos de falhas do produto em quaisquer etapas do processo produtivo e mesmo de aplicação em campo. Juntamente com ensaios efetuados especificamente para amparar as conclusões destes relatórios, efetuou-se pesquisa bibliográfica para dar suporte às conclusões. Identificaram-se similaridades entre estudos de alguns autores e análises amostrais de testes padronizados de tração e enrolamento sobre o próprio eixo de outubro 2010 a setembro de 2011. Os resultados mostraram que o fenômeno que induz a um elevado índice de quebra do arame Cultura Aérea é o envelhecimento que ocorre posteriormente à sua passagem por elevadas reduções percentuais de área no processo de trefilação, que encrua o material, e em função de elevadas temperaturas encontradas no processo de galvanização, tendo, ainda, suas consequências amplificadas por pontos de concentração de tensões. Algumas soluções para amenizar a ocorrência do envelhecimento foram propostas, como o aumento do número de passes, o que reduz o encruamento, e a substituição do material por outro menos suscetível ao fenômeno, como um com menor percentual de carbono. / In the ongoing pursuit to meet demands of an increasingly competitive market, companies have to reduce all their losses in the production process, therefore reducing costs and adding margin to their products. The main goal of this study was to investigate the phenomena present in the occurrence of ruptures of products originated from drawn and galvanized SAE 1057B steel, used in aerial cultivation. The study uses literature and laboratory research and a sample of thirty-six report concerning galvanized final and drawn intermediate product behavior. The data reference to product failure in any stage of the productive process or in field application. Along with testing a bibliographical research was made for conclusion support . Similarities were found between some authors studies and sample analysis of standardized tensile tests and winding over own axis tests from October 2010 to September 2011. The results shown that the primary phenomenon inducing wire failure in aerial cultivation wire is alignment of the hardening due to the high percentage area reductions in the drawing process that allows the development of the strain aging phenomenon after the hot dip galvanizing process witch has it´s effects enhanced by stress concentration points. Some solutions to mitigate the strain aging were proposed, like increasing the number of reduction passes for hardening reduction and the use of less susceptible material to the phenomena as a lower percentage carbon steel.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T13:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinamouragualberto.pdf: 3081974 bytes, checksum: e832afd5a1d1f2572f0135827ea9257c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-07T03:20:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinamouragualberto.pdf: 3081974 bytes, checksum: e832afd5a1d1f2572f0135827ea9257c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T03:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinamouragualberto.pdf: 3081974 bytes, checksum: e832afd5a1d1f2572f0135827ea9257c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A obesidade afeta mais de 300 milhões de pessoas no mundo e está relacionada com doenças como diabetes tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares e cânceres. Assim como a obesidade, o câncer é atualmente um problema de saúde pública mundial com um aumento em sua incidência de 20% anualmente. Há uma correlação positiva entre a incidência de tumores com pior prognóstico e a obesidade. No microambiente tumoral a degradação dos elementos de matriz extracelular (MEC) está associada à migração de células tumorais por meio de membranas basais, barreira óssea e estroma intersticial. Moléculas associadas à MEC como metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP-2, 3, 9, 11 e 13) auxiliam a degradação da MEC, permitindo assim maior migração de células tumorais, estão, portanto, associados com as etapas de progressão tumoral assim como seus inibidores (TIMP-1, TIMP-2 e RECK), e outros componentes da MEC como a fibronectina, e colágeno IV. Portanto, a identificação dessas moléculas associadas ao processo metastático em camundongos obesos e a elucidação de seu papel neste processo são importantes para a exploração de novos métodos para o diagnóstico precoce, avaliação prognóstica e padronização de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar marcadores associados a processos metastáticos em animais obesos e controle por meio de imunohistoquímica. Para tal a obesidade foi induzida durante 12 ou 16 semanas por meio de uma dieta hiperlipídica em que 60% das quilocalorias foram advindas de lipídeos. Ao final dessas semanas, o câncer de mama foi induzido pela linhagem celular metastática 4T1 com injeção intradérmica na mama superior de camundongos BALB/c (n=40). Os animais foram eutanasiados após 14 ou 21 dias e os tumores foram coletados. A análise histopatológica dos tumores foi feita por coloração Hematoxilina-Eosina observando um aumento de vacúolos lipídicos, que podem contribuir para o recrutamento de células imunes como fatores de crescimento, em tumores de animais obesos comparados aos animais controles. Em relação a imunohistoquímica em tumores obteve-se uma maior concentração dos marcadores MMP-3, 9, 11, 13 nos animais obesos e uma menor concentração em seu inibidor RECK, demonstrando uma possível progressão tumoral mais invasiva nesses animais. Em relação a fibronectina e colágeno IV foi encontrado uma marcação mais intensa em animais obesos em relação ao controle. Entretanto, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, demonstraram-se super expressos nos obesos, como encontrado na literatura. Assim, os resultados indicam um tumor uma progressão tumoral com um tumor mais invasivo e por isso um pior prognóstico em animais obesos quando comparados aos controles. / Obesity affects more than 300 million people worldwide and is associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. As obesity, cancer is currently a global public health problem increasing 20% annually. There is a positive correlation between the incidence of tumors with poor prognosis and obesity. The degradation of extracellular matrix components (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with tumor cells migration through basement membranes, bone barrier and interstitial stroma. Molecules associated with ECM such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, 3, 9, 11 and 13) help the degradation of ECM, and so promote tumor cell migration. Therefore, these molecules are associated with tumor progression stages as well as their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and RECK), and other ECM components such as fibronectin and collagen IV. Thus, the identification of these molecules associated with the metastatic process in obese mice and the elucidation of their role in this process are important to explore new methods for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and standardization of new therapeutic strategies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare markers associated with metastatic processes in obese and control animals by immunohistochemistry. For that purpose, obesity was induced for 12 or 16 weeks by a high fat diet ( 60% of the kilocalories is from lipids). At the end of those weeks, breast cancer was induced by metastatic cell line 4T1 with intradermal injection in the upper breast BALB / c mice (n = 40). These animals were euthanized after 14 or 21 days and the tumors were collected. Histopathology analysis of the tumors was performed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. As result, it was observed an increase in lipid vacuoles, which may contribute to the recruitment of immune cells such as tumor growth factors in obese animals compared to control animals. The immunohistochemistry analysis shows a higher concentration of MMP-3, 9, 11, 13 expressions in obese animals and a lower concentration of their inhibitor RECK, suggesting a more aggressive tumor invasion in those animals. Regarding the fibronectin and collagen type IV were found higher concentrations in obese animals compared to controls. However, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, showed an upregulation in obese, as found in the literature. Thus, the results indicate more invasive breast cancer progression and so a worse prognosis in obese animals when compare to controls.

Electrically conductive smart textiles are a very interesting area that could be important for the development of smart textiles. Today, conductive yarns and threads are often produced from coveted metals such as silver, copper and gold. These metals require large resources to be extracted and processed into yarns and threads and have a major impact on humans and the environment. One way to reduce the consumption of metals and save resources is to coat yarns of textile materials with electrically conductive polymers. In this study, we will investigate coating yarns with the conductive polymer blend PEDOT-PSS. PEDOT-PSS is extracted from oil, which is a non-renewable raw material, but coating with this polymer dispersion has many other advantages over metals and its production chain. Like coating yarn through a chemical bath produces very little waste, the yarn has a smaller mass, the yarn becomes more flexible, and it is easy to scale up production. However, previous studies have shown that there are some difficulties when it comes to coating yarns with PEDOT-PSS. The coating becomes fragile and brittle and to some extent affects the yarn that is coated in terms of mechanical properties. In this study, its investigated how the yarn is affected by various parameters in the production line, such as drying temperature, the viscosity of the PEDOT-PSS dispersion and the speed of the thread traveling through the production line, to find optimal production parameters that provide a balance between conductive and mechanical properties. We have produced a number of samples, all with different variations of parameters, and investigated how its conductive and mechanical properties are affected to see if there is a pattern and connection between parameters and conductive and mechanical properties on the yarn. The results show that yarn samples made with high viscosity of the PEDOT-PSS dispersion are among the lower range of resistance (with some exceptions), with average values of about 2990 O up to 10300 O, while lower viscosity shows uneven results with average values of about 92,000 O and all the way up to about 6,500,000 O. Most samples with lower measured O values are made with a high drying temperature, but no clear connection could be detected between temperature and end result, nor did the different speeds show any clear connection to the result. For the mechanical properties, it turns out that there is a relationship between result and viscosity as well as result and drying temperature. Samples made with low viscosity and low drying temperature perform best in the mechanical tests, 59.7% to 52.9% elongation and 25 cN / tex to 21 cN / tex. While speeds in this category could not show any connection between the results either. Overall, the results can be summarized as the results of tests show that there are some correlations between the parameters and the properties of the yarn samples and that the viscosity of the PEDOT-PSS dispersion and drying temperature are the most influential parameters. For conductive properties, viscosity has the greatest effect and for mechanical properties, viscosity and temperature have the greatest effect. For conductive properties, high viscosity is good, and for mechanical properties, low temperature and low viscosity are best. The sample with the best combination of test results was tested in a knitting machine but the variant chosen for knitting did not have good enough mechanical properties for the knitting machine used and broke when exposed to the stress from the knitting process. Therefore, the knitting test was not successful, but it was possible to sift out what parameter of the production line that had the greatest impact on the coated yarn properties.